Download or read book The Function of Protection Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner S Liability for Cargo Claims written by Joseph Tshilomb JK, LLM;MSc and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early days of shipping and international maritime trade many more casualties occurred at sea. Ever since, ship owners liability for cargo claims has been increasing both in number and in cost in spite of the huge technical development in international maritime transport. In order to make it easier for ship owners to operate safely and efficiently the Protection and Indemnity appeared around 1870 as mutual marine insurance. Besides Hull & Machinery and Cargo Insurance offered on the international commercial market in insurance, Protection and Indemnity Insurance (known under the acronym P&I) is a ship owners insurance cover for legal liabilities to third parties. This cover is generally achieved by entering the ship in a mutual insurance club. Nowadays, the mutuality is performed by an underwriter who endeavors to see that each owner carries his fair share of the risk. The members of P&I clubs are ship owners, charterers or ship management companies. At present, a major function of the Protection and Indemnity insurance is to cover the ship owner for legal and contractual liability for loss of cargo or damage to cargo if there has been a breach of the carriage contract. This liability is called Third party liability. The ship owner will handover the cargo claim to his P&I Club. In order to clarify this liability, Article 3, Paragraph 2 of the Hague Visby rules stipulates: Subject to the provisions of Article 4 the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried. Therefore, the focus in this research study is placed on the function of Protection and Indemnity insurance covering the ship owners liability for damage to cargo or loss of cargo.
Download or read book The Function of Protection Indemnity Marine Insurance in Relation to Ship Owner s Liability for Cargo Claims written by Joseph Tshilomb JK MSc & LLM and published by . This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early days of shipping and international maritime trade many more casualties occurred at sea. Ever since, ship owner's liability for cargo claims has been increasing both in number and in cost in spite of the huge technical development in international maritime transport. In order to make it easier for ship owners to operate safely and efficiently the Protection and Indemnity appeared around 1870 as mutual marine insurance. Besides Hull & Machinery and Cargo Insurance offered on the international commercial market in insurance, Protection and Indemnity Insurance (known under the acronym "P&I") is a ship owner ́s insurance cover for legal liabilities to third parties. This cover is generally achieved by entering the ship in a mutual insurance club. Nowadays, the mutuality is performed by an underwriter who endeavors to see that each owner carries his fair share of the risk. The members of P&I clubs are ship owners, charterers or ship management companies. At present, a major function of the Protection and Indemnity insurance is to cover the ship owner for legal and contractual liability for loss of cargo or damage to cargo if there has been a breach of the carriage contract. This liability is called "Third party liability." The ship owner will handover the cargo claim to his P&I Club. In order to clarify this liability, Article 3, Paragraph 2 of the Hague Visby rules stipulates: "Subject to the provisions of Article 4... the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried." Therefore, the focus in this research study is placed on the function of Protection and Indemnity insurance covering the ship owner ́s liability for damage to cargo or loss of cargo.
Download or read book Handbook of LOGISTICS SHIPPING Commercial Terminologies written by Benny John and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logistics, Shipping and Supply Chain Management is an emerging subject of importance in an emerging country like India and similar economies. Since India is at the cusp of being a developed nation and subjects like Logistics are still at the infancy stage, lot of Universities and Institutes in India have started including these subjects at the Bachelors, Masters and diploma levels of Business Administration, Management Science, Commerce and Export & Import related subjects and this book will have, I hope, tremendous interests among the practitioners, young students and the academia not only for the global community but Indian sub-continent and South East Asia specifically. Since now, after more than 30 years of professional life, I am a visiting faculty member of various Universities and Institutes, I felt that there is dearth of proper books in this field, and I felt it as my humble duty to share whatever limited knowledge with the young students who were never exposed to subjects like Shipping, Logistics, Supply Chain Management, Commerce, Export Import Trade and their operational and legal aspects. If this book also assist the faculty members even in a limited way, then my humble efforts are fulfilled. Although there are lot of people worldwide who has guided and helped me during my career in India and abroad, to name them is a huge task. But I can’t forget the help and guidance given to me during my professional life in Germany by Mr. Herbert Poetschke, Hapag Lloyd AG, Hamburg, Mr. Christian Conen, VLA-Vereinigte Linen Agenturen GmbH, Bremen and specially my well wishers in India Mr. K.C. Raman, former Director of Forbes Gokak, and Mr. Shantanu Bhatkamkar, Chairman of the ATC Logistics Group, Mumbai. But it was the persuasion from one of my cousins and a friend, Mr. Sam G. Nilamel of Nilamel Exports, an industrialist in Kerala and Kuwait, who always prompted me to write a book. Though in I have commenced this hilarious exercise of bringing out this comprehensive handbook on Logistics and Shipping couple of years back, it was a tremendous task to write, re-write, revise and edit this volume. After the main script is finalized, it is my daughter Aatira Benn John who helped me in formatting and designing this book in its present form and I am thankful to her. Comments and suggestions from readers are welcome to improve future editions and your suggestions may be sent to my email: [email protected]
Download or read book Effects of Insurance on Maritime Liability Law written by Muhammad Masum Billah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines how the absence of insurance in the past led to some special maritime liability law principles such as ‘general average’ (i.e., losses or expenses shared by all the parties to a maritime adventure) and the limitation of shipowners’ liability. In the absence of insurance, these principles served the function of insurance mostly for shipowners. As commercial marine insurance is now widely available, these principles have lost their justification and may in fact interfere with the most important goal of liability law i.e., deterrence from negligence. The work thus recommends their abolition. It further argues that when insurance is easily available and affordable to the both parties to a liability claim, the main goal of liability law should be deterrence as opposed to compensation. This is exactly the case with the maritime cargo liability claims where both cargo owners and shipowners are invariably insured. As a result, the sole focus of cargo liability law should be and to a great extent, is deterrence. On the other hand in the vessel-source oil pollution liability setting, pollution victims are not usually insured. Therefore oil pollution liability law has to cater both for compensation and deterrence, the two traditional goals of liability law. The final question the work addresses is whether the deterrent effect of liability law is affected by the availability of liability insurance. Contrary to the popular belief the work attempts to prove that the presence of liability insurance is not necessarily a hindrance but can be a complementary force towards the realization of deterrent goal of liability law.
Download or read book The IMLI Manual on International Maritime Law written by David Joseph Attard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This three-volume Manual on International Maritime Law presents a systematic analysis of the history and contemporary development of international maritime law by leading contributors from across the world. Prepared in cooperation with the International Maritime Law Institute, the International Maritime Organization's research and training institute, this a uniquely comprehensive study of this fundamental area of international law. Volume I: The Law of the Sea addresses the major issues which arise in the law of the sea. It provides a detailed understanding of the historical development of the law of the sea; the role of the International Maritime Organization; the law surrounding maritime zones; the legal regime of islands; the international sea-bed area; the legal regime governing marine scientific research; the rights and obligations of land-locked and geographically disadvantaged states; the legal regime of Arctic and Antarctic; and the settlements of disputes. This volume also considers the ways in which human rights and the law of the sea interact." --
Download or read book Oil Spills First Principles written by B. Ornitz† and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-06-18 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine oil spills are no longer considered unavoidable "accidents" resulting from adverse environmental conditions or functions of catastrophic events. More than 80% of all spills are the result of "human error". The focus of the current legal, regulatory, and convention framework affecting the transportation of oil by ship reflects a recent change in public attitude, in which there is an insistence upon protection of the world¿s marine environments, particularly coastal ecosystems. The outcome of such global attention is the creation of significant legal and political motivators for a cultural shift by the oil shipping industry, from an "evasion culture" to a "safety culture". The new safety culture connotes continuous improvement in ship operations and a willingness to adopt the evolving concepts of communication at all levels, better trained and qualified personnel on board ship, emphasis of safety from top down, and proactive institution of safety management systems. Mere compliance with international and national laws is no longer sufficient for future sustainable shipping. These changes and advancements in understanding the science and engineering of oil spills are the focus of this book on Oil Spills First Principles. They are Prevention, based upon adoption of the safety culture, and Best Response, utilizing scientific, technical and environmental data and information.Over the past 30 years, billions of US dollars have been spent in R&D planning, response and clean up of oil spills. All of these efforts have focused on achieving Best Response. The concept of time periods of "Technology Windows-of-Opportunity" for a given response and clean up technology has developed from the leadership and wisdom of researchers and responders from many nations using modeling of the weathering of spilled oil and technology effectiveness. The Windows-of-Opportunity strategy provides a scientific basis for policy and decision-making in oil spill planning, response, and training.A global paradigm shift is needed to more effectively utilize and expedite the application of lessons learned in both prevention and clean up. Recognition of economic, political, and legal benefits accruing from environmental protection is good for business and critical for sustainable shipping.
Download or read book Fairplay Shipping Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 1944-04 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Pollution 1969 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works. Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Committee Serial No. 91-2. Considers S. 7 and similar S. 544, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to provide Federal funds for waste treatment facility construction, to establish standards for vessel sewage discharge sanitation devices and for a program to clean up oil spills, and to provide for more strict Federal water pollution standards compliance.
Download or read book Water Pollution 1969 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearings Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Public Works written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book February 3 and 4 1969 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works. Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Committee Serial No. 91-2. Considers S. 7 and similar S. 544, to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to provide Federal funds for waste treatment facility construction, to establish standards for vessel sewage discharge sanitation devices and for a program to clean up oil spills, and to provide for more strict Federal water pollution standards compliance.
Download or read book Theft Pilferage Non Delivery Breakage Etc of Export and Import Shipments written by United States. Congress. House. Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response to Marine Oil Pollution written by Douglas Cormack and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-04-30 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Response to Marine Oil Pollution - Review and Assessment is the essential source book, now updated, for all involved in marine oil pollution consequences and response. It covers policy, planning and operations, and provides technical assessment of the true nature of the problem, of the means to maximise the performance of current techniques and equipment, and of the bases for future improvements. This book provides a fundamental understanding of the oil properties and processes which determine the persistence and impacts of oils in the marine environment. It establishes parameters against which to evaluate performance of all current techniques and equipment, and the environmental impacts of their use. It identifies design parameters, and makes proposals for the creation and development of more effective equipment and techniques. The book also shows how a fresh approach to cargo transfer, and the scaling of spillage response provision to oil releases on immediate impact, will be more effective overall, and will ensure that approved waste handling and disposal facilities are not overwhelmed. The recent Sea Empress incident is reviewed to illustrate the points made and conclusions reached, and to emphasise the need for thorough salvage planning for all future incidents.
Download or read book Supplement to the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America written by and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 1288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America Having General Applicability and Legal Effect in Force June 1 1938 written by and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 1286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Code of federal regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal register by the executive departments and agencies of the federal government.
Download or read book Compilation of Standard Contract Forms of the War Shipping Administration written by United States. War Shipping Administration and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
