Download or read book The Formation and Speciation of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in the Presence of Chlorine and Chloramine written by Frank Rombardo and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Relative Dominance of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in Treated Drinking Water written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The objectives of this project were to investigate the relative occurrence of HAAs and THMs in treated drinking waters and to determine water quality, treatment, and distribution system conditions that influence their relative concentrations. ... In all phases of this study, all four bromine- and chlorine-containing THMs and all nine bromine- and clorine-containing HAAs were measured." -- Executive summary.

Download or read book Haloforms and Related Compounds in Drinking Water written by Anastasia Nikolaou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water quality has been a matter of concern for several decades. Disinfection of drinking water improves its microbiological quality and prevents disease outbreaks. However, continuously increasing scientific research concerns the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants in water. Many of these compounds, named haloforms, originate from the procedure of disinfection, being formed during reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter present in water. Haloforms may possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties; therefore minimization of their concentrations in drinking water is a critical issue. Regulatory measures are becoming more and more stringent, as new health effects become known and optimized high-sensitivity analytical methodologies are being developed. Up-to-date research findings concerning all these aspects have been collected, critically reviewed, summarized, and are presented and discussed in the present book.

Download or read book Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products Food and Drinking water written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC Monographs on the Evaluat. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides an assessment of the carcinogenicity of 18 chemicals present in industrial and consumer products or food (natural constituents, contaminants, or flavorings) or occurring as water-chlorination by-products. The compounds evaluated include the widely used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and the food contaminant 4-methylimidazole. In view of the limited agent-specific information available from epidemiological studies, the IARC Monographs Working Group relied mainly on carcinogenicity bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to evaluate the carcinogenic hazards to humans exposed to these agents.

Download or read book Preventing Haloform Formation in Drinking Water written by Leland L. Harms and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Influencing the Formation and Relative Distribution of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes Under Controlled Chlorination Conditions written by Lin Liang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Relation of Trihalomethane formation Potential to Water quality and Physical Characteristics of Small Water supply Lakes Eastern Kansas written by Larry M. Pope and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Formation Haloacetic Acids and Haloacetamides as Disinfection By products During Chlorination and Chloramination of Saline Impacted Groundwaters written by Anna Mir Fernández and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water disinfection is one of the major public health triumphs of the last century. However, it has the unintended consequence of forming disinfection by-products (DBPs). Iodine containing DBPs have been recently reported to be more toxic than bromine containing DBPs, which are also much more toxic than chlorine containing DBPs. Seawater impacted groundwaters may have elevated levels of bromide and iodide, and if used to produce drinking water, high concentrations of bromo and iodo-DBPs may form. In this context, the present study aimed at investigating the formation of two chemical classes of DBPS, i.e., haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloacetamides (HAcAms) in seawater impacted groundwaters under chlorination and chloramination. In order to do this, lab-scale disinfection reactions at pH 7 and 8 were carried out with two different groundwater matrices containing various amounts of sea water (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%). The DBP mixtures generated were chemically characterized in order to assess the occurrence of HAAs and HAcAms. HAAs and HAcAms are low molecular weight compounds, very polar and not very volatile, and therefore, they are amenable to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS), although they are commonly measured by means of gas chromatography techniques. In this work, the development of LC-MS/MS based analytical methodologies was attempted for the analysis of these compounds in the generated DBP mixtures. LC-MS/MS conditions were successfully optimized for the determination of these compounds. However, analyte extraction has to be further optimized, in particular for HAcAms, in oder to improve analyte recoveries (especially for the trihalogenated species that were not recovered with the applied analytical methodologies). Method sensitivities allowed the quantification of the monohalogenated and dihalogenated species in the ng/L range. Moreover, the stability of the analytes in the extracts and in the standard solutions should be further investigated, in order to ensure reliability of the results. All monohalogenated and dihalogenated DBPs were found in the investigated samples. The formation of iodo-DBPs was enhanced during chloramination scenarios. However, there is not a direct relation between iodo-DBP formation and increasing amounts of seawater in the source waters. On the contrary, the seawater content of the tested waters had an effect on the speciation of bromine containing and chlorine containing HAAs, by increasing brominated species at increasing seawater amounts.

Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.

Download or read book Formation and Control of Non trihalomethane By products written by Alan A. Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Haloform Formation from Chlorination Practices written by Te Ling Chou and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Exposure on Fetal Growth in a Maryland County written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As water flows from treatment plants to the tap, chlorine, used to disinfect surface water meant for residential use, reacts with residual organic and inorganic matter, creating chlorine disinfection by-products. In recent years, these by-products have been scrutinized as a potential reproductive and developmental hazard. This study examined whether exposure to the four total trihalomethanes or the five haloacetic acids (two major subgroups of chlorine disinfection by-products) was related to an increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation in four regions of a Maryland county from 1998 to 2002. Maternal exposure to each by-product was evaluated for each trimester as well as over the entire pregnancy. The authors were not able to demonstrate any consistent, statistically significant effect on intrauterine growth retardation associated with any of the chlorine disinfection by-products, nor did they find any indication of a dose-response relation. However, they did find some potential for a slightly elevated risk of intrauterine growth retardation during the second and third trimesters for both total trihalomethanes and five haloacetic acids when comparing increasing quintiles of exposure to constituents of total trihalomethanes and five haloacetic acids.

Download or read book Concentration Changes of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in a Drinking Water Distribution System written by Wei Jie Chen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Production of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids from Chlorinated Aqueous Plant Extracts written by Gregory J. Keaveney and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada