Download or read book The Female in Aristotle s Biology written by Robert Mayhew and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Aristotle's writings on biology are considered to be among his best, the comments he makes about females in these works are widely regarded as the nadir of his philosophical oeuvre. Among many claims, Aristotle is said to have declared that females contribute nothing substantial to generation; that they have fewer teeth than males; that they are less spirited than males; and that woman are analogous to eunuchs. In The Female in Aristotle's Biology, Robert Mayhew aims not to defend Aristotle's ideas about females but to defend Aristotle against the common charge that his writings on female species were motivated by ideological bias. Mayhew points out that the tools of modern science and scientific experimentation were not available to the Greeks during Aristotle's time and that, consequently, Aristotle had relied not only on empirical observations when writing about living organisms but also on a fair amount of speculation. Further, he argues that Aristotle's remarks about females in his biological writings did not tend to promote the inferior status of ancient Greek women. Written with passion and precision, The Female in Aristotle's Biology will be of enormous value to students of philosophy, the history of science, and classical literature.
Download or read book The Female in Aristotle s Biology written by Robert Mayhew and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2004-08-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Aristotle's writings on biology are considered to be among his best, the comments he makes about females in these works are widely regarded as the nadir of his philosophical oeuvre. Among many claims, Aristotle is said to have declared that females contribute nothing substantial to generation; that they have fewer teeth than males; that they are less spirited than males; and that woman are analogous to eunuchs. In The Female in Aristotle's Biology, Robert Mayhew aims not to defend Aristotle's ideas about females but to defend Aristotle against the common charge that his writings on female species were motivated by ideological bias. Mayhew points out that the tools of modern science and scientific experimentation were not available to the Greeks during Aristotle's time and that, consequently, Aristotle had relied not only on empirical observations when writing about living organisms but also on a fair amount of speculation. Further, he argues that Aristotle's remarks about females in his biological writings did not tend to promote the inferior status of ancient Greek women. Written with passion and precision, The Female in Aristotle's Biology will be of enormous value to students of philosophy, the history of science, and classical literature.
Download or read book Aristotle on Female Animals written by Sophia M. Connell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-14 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses the female in Aristotle's biology, leading to a reassessment of his hylomorphism, scientific methodology and psychology.
Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle s Biology written by S. M. Connell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of all the key issues in Aristotle's biological works and their place within his broader philosophy and theology.
Download or read book Aristotle on Women written by Sophia M. Connell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-12 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element provides an account of Aristotle on women which combines what is found in his scientific biology with his practical philosophy. Scholars have often debated how these two fields are related. The current study shows that according to Aristotelian biology, women are set up for intelligence and tend to be milder-tempered than men. Thus, women are not curtailed either intellectually or morally by their biology. The biological basis for the rule of men over women is women's lack of spiritedness. Aristotle's Politics must be read with its audience in mind; there is a need to convince men of the importance of avoiding insurrection both in the city and the household. While their spiritedness gives men the upper hand, they are encouraged to listen to the views of free women in order to achieve the best life for all.
Download or read book Aristotle s Generation of Animals written by Andrea Falcon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generation of Animals is one of Aristotle's most mature, sophisticated, and carefully crafted scientific writings. His overall goal is to provide a comprehensive and systematic account of how animals reproduce, including a study of their reproductive organs, what we would call fertilization, embryogenesis, and organogenesis. In this book, international experts present thirteen original essays providing a philosophically and historically informed introduction to this important work. They shed light on the unity and structure of the Generation of Animals, the main theses that Aristotle defends in the work, and the method of inquiry he adopts. They also open up new avenues of exploration of this difficult and still largely unexplored work. The volume will be essential for scholars and students of ancient philosophy as well as of the history and philosophy of science.
Download or read book Forms Souls and Embryos written by James Wilberding and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forms, Souls, and Embryos allows readers coming from different backgrounds to appreciate the depth and originality with which the Neoplatonists engaged with and responded to a number of philosophical questions central to human reproduction, including: What is the causal explanation of the embryo’s formation? How and to what extent are Platonic Forms involved? In what sense is a fetus ‘alive,’ and when does it become a human being? Where does the embryo’s soul come from, and how is it connected to its body? This is the first full-length study in English of this fascinating subject, and is a must-read for anyone interested in Neoplatonism or the history of medicine and embryology.
Download or read book Aristotle on Matter Form and Moving Causes written by Devin Henry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines Aristotle's doctrine of hylomorphism and its importance for understanding the process by which substances come into being.
Download or read book Philosophical Issues in Aristotle s Biology written by Allan Gotthelf and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-10-22 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of biology and philosophy is followed by three sections on individual issues definition and demonstration, teleology and necessity in nature, and metaphysical themes.
Download or read book The Feminine Symptom written by Emanuela Bianchi and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first English-language study of Aristotle’s natural philosophy from a continental perspective, the Feminine Symptom takes as its starting point the problem of female offspring. If form is transmitted by the male and the female provides only matter, how is a female child produced? Aristotle answers that there must be some fault or misstep in the process. This inexplicable but necessary coincidence—sumptoma in Greek—defines the feminine symptom. Departing from the standard associations of male-activity-form and female-passivity-matter, Bianchi traces the operation of chance and spontaneity throughout Aristotle’s biology, physics, cosmology, and metaphysics and argues that it is not passive but aleatory matter— unpredictable, ungovernable, and acting against nature and teleology—that he continually allies with the feminine. Aristotle’s pervasive disparagement of the female as a mild form of monstrosity thus works to shore up his polemic against the aleatory and to consolidate patriarchal teleology in the face of atomism and Empedocleanism. Bianchi concludes by connecting her analysis to recent biological and materialist political thinking, and makes the case for a new, antiessentialist politics of aleatory feminism.
Download or read book Discovering Reality written by Sandra Harding and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-30 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are Western epistemology, metaphysics, methodology and the philosophy of science grounded only in men's distinctive understandings of themselves, others, and nature? Does this less than human understanding distort our models of reason and of scientific inquiry? In different ways, the papers in this collection explore the evidence for these increasingly reasonable and intriguing questions. They identify how it is distinctively masculine perspectives on masculine experience which have shaped the most fundamental and formal aspects of systematic thought in philosophy and the natural and social sciences - precisely the aspects of thought believed most gender-neutral. They show how these understandings ground Aristotle's biology and metaphysics; the very definition of the problems of philosophy in Plato, Descartes, Hobbes and Rousseau; the `adversary method' which is the paradigm of philosophic and scientific reasoning; principles of individuation in philosophical ontology and the philosophy of language; individualistic assumptions in psychology; functionalism in sociological and biological theory; evolutionary theory; the methodology of political science; Marxist political economy; and conceptions of `objective inquiry' in the social and natural sciences. These essays also begin to identify for us the distictive aspects of women's experience which can provide the resources needed for the creation of a truly human understanding. Audience: The book will be of interest to those involved in epistemology, and philosophy of the natural and social sciences, as well as feminist scholars in philosophy. The work will also be of value for theorists, methodologists, and feminist scholars in the natural and social sciences.
Download or read book Theory and Practice in Aristotle s Natural Science written by David Ebrey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of groundbreaking new essays show how Aristotle's natural science illuminates fundamental topics in his philosophy.
Download or read book The Lagoon written by Armand Marie Leroi and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant study of Aristotle as biologist The philosophical classics of Aristotle loom large over the history of Western thought, but the subject he most loved was biology. He wrote vast volumes about animals. He described them, classified them, told us where and how they live and how they develop in the womb or in the egg. He founded a science. It can even be said that he founded science itself. In The Lagoon, acclaimed biologist Armand Marie Leroi recovers Aristotle’s science. He revisits Aristotle’s writings and the places where he worked. He goes to the eastern Aegean island of Lesbos to see the creatures that Aristotle saw, where he saw them. He explores Aristotle’s observations, his deep ideas, his inspired guesses—and the things he got wildly wrong. He shows how Aristotle’s science is deeply intertwined with his philosophical system and reveals that he was not only the first biologist, but also one of the greatest. The Lagoon is both a travelogue and a study of the origins of science. And it shows how a philosopher who lived almost two millennia ago still has so much to teach us today.
Download or read book Aristotle on Sexual Difference written by Marguerite Deslauriers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle's remarks about the differences between the sexes have become infamous for their implications for the social status of women. In his observations on female biology, Aristotle claims that the female nature is, as it were, a deformity. In describing women's role in the public sphere, he claims that women are naturally subordinate because, while they possess a deliberative faculty, that capacity is without authority. While both claims express the inferiority of female bodies/women relative to male bodies/men, it is not self-evident that the defects Aristotle identifies in female biology have cognitive or moral manifestations that would justify the rule of men over women in political life. Marguerite Deslauriers here aims to construct a coherent picture of Aristotle's views on sexual and gender-based difference from these remarks and to show the extent to which his views on female biology and women's role in politics are causally connected. Without exculpating Aristotle from charges of misogyny, Deslauriers contextualizes his explanations of the role and origin of female animals in his biology and the role of women in his political philosophy; she shows how Aristotle developed these views and the importance they hold for his wider philosophical commitments. She then explores how Aristotle might have seen the link between the physiology of sex and the bearing it has on political life. She ultimately argues that in Aristotle's conception of sexual difference in biology and politics, there is a tension between his view of the inferiority of female bodies and women and his commitment to the idea that females and women are valuable both for generation and for the political life characteristic of human beings. In this tension she finds a difference between Aristotle and his predecessors: while previous accounts associate sexual difference with affliction, Aristotle sees sexual difference as a benefit, both to a species and a political community. This volume will be of interest to philosophers and students interested in ancient philosophy, feminist philosophy, as well as those studying moral and political philosophy.
Download or read book From Natural Character to Moral Virtue in Aristotle written by Mariska Leunissen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses Aristotle's biological views about 'natural character traits' and their importance for moral development. It provides a new, comprehensive account of the physiological underpinnings of moral development and shows that the biological account of natural character provides the conceptual and ideological foundation for Aristotle's ethical views about habituation.
Download or read book Evil in Aristotle written by Pavlos Kontos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the first full study of Aristotle's notion of evil and sheds light on its content, potential, and influence.
Download or read book Women in the Ancient World written by John Peradotto and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1987-04-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the reasons for the study of the Greek and Roman classics is their perpetual relevance. In no area can this position be more clearly defended than in the investigation of the feminine condition, for it was here that basic attitudes derogatory to the sex were molded by legal and social systems, by philosophers and poets, and by the thinking of men long since gone. Women in the Ancient World brings together essays that examine philosophy, social history, literature, and art, and that extend from the early Greek period through the Roman Empire. Their wide range of critical perspectives throws new light on the personal, political, socio-economic, and cultural position of women.
