Download or read book The Fatigue Behavior of Small Cracks in Nickel base Superalloys written by Jun Feng and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of the Fatigue Behavior of Small Cracks in Nickel Base Superalloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fatigue of behavior of short cracks was investigate in five wrought nickel-base superalloys currently used for aircraft turbine disks. Cracks were initiated at artificial defects and at persistent slip bands. Test frequencies ranged from 20Hz to 10cpm. Fatigue crack growth rates were measured over crack lengths ranging from 10 um to 1mm. Most of the testing was performed in load control with stress ranges approaching the cyclic yield strengths of alloys. Strain controlled tests were performed on IN100 under elastic-plastic cycling conditions. Keywords: Crack propagation; Physical metallurgy.

Download or read book A Study of the Fatigue Behavior of Short Cracks in Nickel Based Superalloys written by R. M. Pelloux and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatigue behavior of short cracks was studied in Inconel X-750, Inconel 718, Waspaloy and PM-Rene 95. Crack growth rates were measured for crack lengths from 50 microns to 2mm. Three regimes of behavior were generally observed: 1) an initiation regime in which crack propagation rates are nearly zero; 2) a short crack regime in which crack propagation rates increase slowly and variably with crack length but with propagation rates higher than would be predicted by LEFM in the near-threshold regime; and 3) a long crack regime in which conventional fracture mechanics is applicable. The threshold criterion and crack propagation rates for short cracks are shown to be strongly dependent on the stress ratio. Negative stress ratios promotes rapid crack initiation. This behavior is confirmed theoretically by a Dugdale model which establishes a criterion for crack extension based on the accumulation of plastic work in the crack tip plastic zone. Fractographic investigations show that short cracks propagate in a transgranular-crystallographic mode following a zig-zag path which is macroscopically perpendicular to the applied stress. An experimental technique was developed to generate small eliptical crack initiation sites using a pulsed Nd-YAG laser. An AC potential drop system for continuous and automated measurements of crack length at elevated temperature has been assembled.

Download or read book Superalloys 2012 written by Eric S. Huron and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy that exhibits excellent mechanical strength at high temperatures. Superalloy development has been driven primarily by the aerospace and power industries. This compilation of papers from the Twelfth International Symposium on Superalloys, held from September 9-13, 2012, offers the most recent technical information on this class of materials.

Download or read book Thermal mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Nickel base Superalloys written by Norman J. Marchand and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the main achievements of a 36-month research program the main objective of which was to gain more insight into the problem of crack growth under thermal mechanical fatigue (TMF) conditions. The program was arranged into five technical tasks. Under Task I, the goal was to identify the crack propagation conditions in aircraft engines (hot section) and to assess the validity of conventional fracture mechanics parameters to address TMF crack growth. The second task defined the test facilities, test specimen and the testing conditions needed to establish the effectiveness of data correlation parameters identified in Task I. Under Task III, a computerized testing system to measure the TMF behavior (LCF and CG behaviors) of various alloy systems was built. A crack propagation test program was defined and conducted under Task IV. The test variables included strain range, strain rate (frequency) and temperature. Task V correlated and generalized the Task IV data for isothermal and variable temperature conditions so that several crack propagation parameters could be compared and evaluated.

Download or read book Modelling of Crack Growth in Single Crystal Nickel Base Superalloys written by Christian Busse and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation was produced at the Division of Solid Mechanics at Linköping University and is part of a research project, which comprises modelling, microstructure investigations and material testing of cast nickel-base superalloys. The main objective of this work was to deepen the understanding of the fracture behaviour of single-crystal nickel-base superalloys and to develop a model to predict the fatigue crack growth behaviour. Frequently, crack growth in these materials has been observed to follow one of two distinct cracking modes; Mode I like cracking perpendicular to the loading direction or crystallographic crack growth on the octahedral {111}-planes, where the latter is associated with an increased fatigue crack growth rate. Thus, it is of major importance to account for this behaviour in component life prediction. Consequently, a model for the prediction of the transition of cracking modes and the correct active crystallographic plane, i.e. the crack path, and the crystallographic crack growth rate has been developed. This model is based on the evaluation of appropriate crack driving forces using three-dimensional finite-element simulations. A special focus was given towards the influence of the crystallographic orientation on the fracture behaviour. Further, a model to incorporate residual stresses in the crack growth modelling is presented. All modelling work is calibrated and validated by experiments on different specimen geometries with different crystallographic orientations. This dissertation consists of two parts, where Part I gives an introduction and background to the field of research, while Part II consists of six appended papers. Die vorliegende Dissertation wurde in der Abteilung für Festigkeitslehre an der Universität von Linköping erstellt und ist Teil eines Forschungsprojektes, welches Modellierung, Mikrostrukturuntersuchungen und Materialtests von gegossenen nickelbasierten Superlegierungen umfasst. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Verständnis des Bruchverhaltens von einkristallinen Superlegierungen auf Nickelbasis zu vertiefen und ein Modell zur Vorhersage des Wachstumsverhaltens von Ermüdungsrissen zu entwickeln. Es wurde beobachtet, dass das Risswachstum in diesen Materialien einem von zwei unterschiedlichen Rissmodi folgt; Modus I Rissfortschritt senkrecht zur Belastungsrichtung oder kristallographisches Risswachstum auf den oktaedrischen f111g-Ebenen, wobei letzteres mit einer erhöhten Ermüdungsrisswachstumsrate verbunden ist. Somit ist es von grosser Bedeutung dieses Verhalten in der Lebensdauervorhersage einer Komponente zu berücksichtigen. Demzufolge wurde ein Modell für die Vorhersage des Übergangs zwischen den Rissmodi und der korrekten aktiven kristallographischen Ebene, d.h. des Risspfades, sowie der kristallographischen Risswachstumsrate erarbeitet. Dieses Modell basiert auf geeigneten Rissantriebskräften, welche mit Hilfe dreidimensionaler Finite-Elemente-Simulationen berechnet werden. Im Fokus stand insbesondere der Einuss der kristallographischen Orientierung auf das Bruchverhalten. Ausserdem wird ein Modell zur Berücksichtigung von Restspannungen in der Risswachstumsmodellierung präsentiert. Alle Modellierungsarbeiten wurden durch Experimente an verschiedenen Probengeometrien mit unterschiedlichen kristallographischen Orientierungen kalibriert und validiert. Diese Dissertation besteht aus zwei Teilen, wobei Teil I aus einer Einführung und einem Hintergrund in das Forschungsgebiet und Teil II aus sechs beigefügten Forschungsartikeln besteht.

Download or read book Developing the Capability to Examine Environmental Effects on Small Fatigue Crack Growth written by Brian Timothy Gockel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been observed that the life limiting fatigue behavior in numerous superalloys is dominated by small crack growth behavior. While environmental effects on crack growth behavior of Ni-base superalloys are well documented within the literature, the published research is largely limited to long crack behavior due to the difficulty of measuring small cracks in a vacuum chamber. A testing capability for optical measurement of small cracks under ultra-high vacuum and at elevated temperatures has been developed. Optical measurement capabilities have been evaluated on a lab air machine to determine crack measurement accuracy. Vacuum tests were then run at 650° C on a sub-solvus IN100 specimen to quantify the effect of vacuum on the propagation life within the small crack regime. The effectiveness of this test capability and the role of environment on small crack growth behavior will be discussed.

Download or read book Microstructural Conditions Contributing to Fatigue Variability in P M Nickel Base Superalloys Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variability in the fatigue behavior of two common nickel-base superalloys is discussed, with emphasis given to understanding the behavior of short fatigue cracks. Rene88DT and IN100 are the materials of interest. and serve important roles in many turbine engine systems. Multiple specimens of each material were tested under low cycle fatigue (LCF) conditions at elevated temperature. Two IN100 specimens that exhibited significant difference in cycles to failure and three Rene88DT specimens having dissimilar short fatigue crack growth rates were interrogated to determine the reasons for these variation. This paper will discuss the microstructure adjacent to the initiation sites in these specimens and its role in affecting the observed disparate crack growth behavior. Additionally, an image correlation technique, use to evaluate the development of strain concentrations in a Rene88DT tensile specimen at room temperature, is described. The utility of image correlation for identifying microstructural 'hot spots' (i.e., initiation sites) in concert with LCF testing is considered.

Download or read book Small Fatigue Cracks written by K.S. Ravichandran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the fully peer-reviewed papers presented at the Third Engineering Foundation Conference on Small Fatigue Cracks, held under the chairmanship of K.S. Ravichandran and Y. Murakami during December 6-11, 1998, at the Turtle Bay Hilton, Oahu, Hawaii. This book presents a state-of-the-art description of the mechanics, mechanisms and applications of small fatigue cracks by most of the world's leading experts in this field. Topics ranging from the mechanisms of crack initiation, small crack behavior in metallic, intermetallic, ceramic and composite materials, experimental measurement, mechanistic and theoretical models, to the role of small cracks in fretting fatigue and the application of small crack results to the aging aircraft and high-cycle fatigue problems, are covered.

Download or read book Cracks in superalloys written by Jonas Saarimäki and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbines are widely used in industry for power generation and as a power source at hard to reach locations where other possibilities for electrical power supplies are insufficient. New ways of producing greener energy is needed to reduce emission levels. This can be achieved by increasing the combustion temperature of gas turbines. High combustion temperatures can be detrimental and degrade critical components. This raises the demands on the high temperature performance of the superalloys used in gas turbine components. These components are frequently subjected to different cyclic loads combined with for example dwell-times and overloads at elevated temperatures, which can influence the crack growth. Dwell-times have been shown to accelerate crack growth and change cracking behaviour in both Inconel 718, Haynes 282 and Hastelloy X. On the other hand, overloads at the beginning of a dwell-time cycle have been shown to retard the dwell-time effect on crack growth in Inconel 718. More experiments and microstructural investigations are needed to better understand these effects. The work presented in this thesis was conducted under the umbrella of the research program Turbo Power; "High temperature fatigue crack propagation in nickel-based superalloys", where I have mainly looked at fatigue crack growth mechanisms in superalloys subjected to dwell-fatigue, which can have a devastating effect on crack propagation behaviour. Mechanical testing was performed under operation-like cycles in order to achieve representative microstructures and material data for the subsequent microstructural work. Microstructures were investigated using light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques such as electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The outcome of this work has shown that there is a significant increase in crack growth rate when dwell-times are introduced at maximum load (0 % overload) in the fatigue cycle. With the introduction of a dwell-time there is also a shift from transgranular to intergranular crack growth for both Inconel 718 and Haynes 282. The crack growth rate decreases with increasing overload levels in Inconel 718 when an overload is applied prior to the dwell-time. At high temperature, intergranular crack growth was observed in Inconel 718 as a result of oxidation and the creation of nanometric voids. Another observed growth mechanism was crack advance along ?-phase boundaries with subsequent oxidation of the ?-phase. This thesis comprises two parts. Part I gives an introduction to the field of superalloys and the acting microstructural mechanisms related to fatigue and crack propagation. Part II consists of five appended papers, which report the work completed as part of the project.

Download or read book The Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of a Polycrystalline Nickel base Superalloy in the Near Threshold Region written by Santo A. Padula (II.) and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aspects of Crack Growth in Single Crystal Nickel Base Superalloys written by Christian Busse and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Licentiate of Engineering thesis is a product of the results generated in the research project KME-702, which comprises modelling, microstructure investigations and material testing of cast nickel-base superalloys. The main objective of this work is to model the fatigue crack propagation behaviour in single-crystal nickel-base superalloys. To achieve this, the influence of the crystal orientations on the cracking behaviour is assessed. The results show that the crystal orientation is strongly affecting the material response and must be accounted for. Furthermore, a linear elastic crack driving force parameter suitable for describing crystallographic cracking has been developed. This parameter is based on resolved anisotropic stress intensity factors and is able to predict the correct crystallographic cracking plane after a transition from a Mode I crack. Finally, a method to account for inelastic deformations in a linear elastic fracture mechanics context was investigated. A residual stress field is extracted from an uncracked finite-element model with a perfectly plastic material model and superimposed on the stress field from the cracked model with a linear elastic material model to account for the inelastic deformations during the determination of the crack driving force. The modelling work is validated by material testing on two different specimen geometries at different temperatures. This Licentiate of Engineering thesis consists of two parts, where Part I gives an introduction and background to the research area, while Part II consists of three papers. Denna licentiatavhandling är en produkt av resultat som genererats i forskningsprojektet KME-702, och omfattar modellering, mikrostrukturundersökningar och materialprovning av gjutna nickelbaserade superlegeringar. Huvudsyftet med detta arbete är att modellera sprickförloppet under utmattning i enkristallina nickelbaserade superlegeringar. För att uppnå detta har kristallorienteringens inverkan på sprickbeteendet utvärderats. Resultaten visar att kristallorienteringen har en stark inverkan på materialbeteendet, således måste hänsyn till denna tas. Dessutom har en linjär-elastisk sprickdrivkraftsparameter lämplig att beskriva kristallografisk sprickbildning utvecklats. Denna parameter är baserad på anisotropa spänningsintensitetsfaktorer på kristallplan och kan prediktera det korrekta kristallografiska sprickplanet efter övergång från Modus I spricka. Slutligen har undersökts en metod för att ta hand om inelastiska deformationer i en linjär-elastisk brottmekanikskontext. Ett restspänningsfält extraherades från en osprucken finita element modell med en ideal plastisk materialmodell. Denna överlagrades på spänningsfältet från den spruckna modellen, som analyserades med en linjär-elastisk materialmodell, för att ta hänsyn till de inelastiska deformationerna vid bestämning av sprickdrivkraften. Modelleringsarbetet validerades genom materialprovning på två olika provgeometrier vid olika temperaturer. Licentiatavhandlingen består av två delar, där del I ger en introduktion och bakgrund till forskningsområdet medan del II består av tre papper. Dieses Lizentiat der Ingenieurwissenschaften ist im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts KME-702 entstanden, welches Modellierung, Mikrostrukturuntersuchungen und Materialtests von gegossenen nickelbasierten Superlegierungen umfasst. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist die Modellierung der Ermüdungsrissausbreitung in einkristallinen nickelbasierten Superlegierungen. Um dieses zu erreichen, wurde der Einfluss der Kristallorientierungen auf das Rissverhalten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kristallorientierung das Materialverhalten stark beeinflusst und daher berücksichtigt werden muss. Darüber hinaus wurde ein linear elastischer Rissantriebskraftparameter entwickelt, der zum Beschreiben von kristallographischen Rissen geeignet ist. Dieser Parameter basiert auf aufgelösten anisotropen Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren und ist in der Lage, die korrekte kristallographische Rissebene nach einem Übergang von einem Modus I Riss vorherzusagen. Abschließend wird in einem linear-elastisch bruchmechanischen Kontext eine Methode untersucht, die nichtelastischen Deformationen bei der Bestimmung der Rissantriebskraft zu berücksichtigen. Dazu wird aus einem Finite-Elemente Modell, welches keinen Riss aufweist und mit einem perfekt plastischen Materialmodell beschrieben wird, das Restspannungsfeld extrahiert und dem Spannungsfeld überlagert, welches aus dem Modell mit Riss unter Verwendung eines linear elastischen Materialmodells erzeugt wurde. Die Modellierung wird durch Materialtests an zwei verschiedenen Probengeometrien bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen validiert. Dieses Lizentiat der Ingenieurwissenschaften besteht aus zwei Teilen, wobei Teil I eine Einführung und einen Hintergrund in das Forschungsgebiet gibt, während Teil II aus drei Forschungsartikeln besteht.

Download or read book Near Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Fine Grain Nickel Based Alloys written by John A. Newman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Near Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of a Nickel based Superalloy written by George John Gikas and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Superalloys written by Roger C. Reed and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superalloys are unique high-temperature materials used in gas turbine engines, which display excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. This book introduces the metallurgical principles which have guided their development. Suitable for graduate students and researchers, it includes exercises and additional resources at www.cambridge.org/9780521859042.

Download or read book High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue Mechanisms for a Nickel base and a Copper base Alloy written by Chin-I. Shih and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermomechanical fatigue behavior of materials written by Michael J. Verrilli and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: