Download or read book The Evaluation of Hypoxia in Human Prostate Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemistry and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non invasive Biomedical Imaging and Radiobiology Investigations in Pre clinical Prostate Tumor Models written by Derek A. White and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) in prostate tumors can hinder the biological effectiveness of radiotherapy. Therefore the ability to assess tumor hypoxia noninvasively in vivo in man could significantly improve therapy outcome. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is increasingly applied in clinical evaluation of prostate cancer. Therefore, an oxygen sensitive technique would be very attractive and the utility of oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) has shown promise for predicting tumor growth delay in syngeneic rat prostate tumors following radiotherapy. In this dissertation, the overall goal was to investigate a potential imaging biomarker for predicting tumor response to imageguided radiotherapy (IGRT). First, I used in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and in vivo ultrasound (US) imaging as cancer screening tools to follow the growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic human PC3-luc xenografts in nude rats. Surprisingly in vivo BLI signals were inconsistent despite growing tumors as revealed by US, MR imaging, or mechanical calipers. Nonetheless, they were ultimately available for OE-MRI. Second, OE-MRI responses were acquired using a 4.7T small animal MR scanner in subcutaneous and orthotopic syngeneic Dunning R3327-AT1 and in orthotopic human PC3-luc xenografts. OE-MRI responses showed potential for stratifying animals based on their "apparent" oxygen status. Third, the rats with large AT1 tumors (tumor size [greater or equal to] 3 cm3) were exposed to either air or oxygen during a single dose of x-rays consisting of 30 Gy and the results indicated that their tumor growth delay correlated with [delta]R1 and BOLD %[delta]SI suggesting stratification. However, no extra growth delay benefit was shown when inhaling oxygen during irradiation suggesting that the influence of hypoxic cells on tumor radiosensitivity remained a major factor. Fourth, I examined the influence of inhaling air or oxygen during a split-dose of xrays with the same total dose of 30 Gy on small to intermediate (medium) sized tumors (0.5 cm3 [greater or equal to] tumor size [lesser or equal to] 3 cm3). There were significant differences in the irradiated air or oxygen breathing groups and the unirradiated tumors. Inhaling oxygen during irradiation caused an increase in growth delay compared to inhaling air, suggesting a potential for modifying tumor hypoxia. Results showed significant correlations with tumor growth delay and pretherapy or between fraction OE-MRI responses. Increased OE-MRI responses after the first fraction of dose revealed tumor reoxygenation, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, a model for predicting tumor growth delay from split-dose fractionation was developed and validated.
Download or read book Evaluation of the oxygenation and vascularity of prostate cancer using magnetic resonance imaging written by Roberto Alonzi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hypoxia and Cancer Metastasis written by Daniele M. Gilkes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-14 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is an attempt to provide a detailed review of studies that clarify our current understanding of the role of hypoxia in the progression of primary cancer to metastatic disease. It will enable researchers to discover the critical cellular changes that occur under hypoxic conditions and play a role in metastatic dissemination, from the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2, to the transcriptional profile changes that occur in cancer cells and promote cancer cell survival under detrimental conditions. Readers will discover the methods and challenges involved in imaging and quantifying the degree of hypoxia in a primary tumor. We will provide an understanding of the hypoxia-induced phenotypes that influence heterogeneity, alter the secretome and tumor microenvironment, modify cellular metabolism, and promote immune suppression and resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, we will uncover the therapeutic strategies that are being devised to target the hypoxic microenvironment in the hopes of preventing metastasis and improving the efficacy of standard-of-care cancer treatments. This work is an up to date source of information on the challenges and complexity of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Basic and translational scientists, post-doctoral fellows, graduate students, and those interested in how tumors metastasize will find this book a reference that details how hypoxia influences metastatic disease.
Download or read book MR and CT Perfusion and Pharmacokinetic Imaging Clinical Applications and Theoretical Principles written by Roland Bammer and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 2558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for both clinicians and researchers, this comprehensive resource covers what you need to know about the basic principles of perfusion, as well as its many clinical applications. Broad coverage outlines the overarching framework that interlinks methods such as DSC, DCE, CTP, and ASL. International experts in the field demonstrate how perfusion and pharmacokinetic imaging can be effectively used to analyze medical conditions, helping you reach accurate diagnoses and monitor disease progression and response to therapy.
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance in Prostate Cancer written by Gerrit Jager and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1998-08-31 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for practical management guidelines prompted the creation of this book to address infectious disease problems in obstetrics and gynecology. The text was modeled after the successful protocols format developed by Dr John T Queenan. The contributor list is impressive, each protocol author is a member of Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics & Gynecology. While there are larger, more comprehensive textbooks on this subject available, none utilize this practical, concise format which makes the information so accessible. This book will be an excellent addition to the protocols series."
Download or read book Studies on Renal Disorders written by Toshio Miyata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditions such as oxidative stress and hypoxia, which have a generalized impact on the oxygen metabolism, have been implicated in the genesis of kidney disease. This means that deepening our understanding of the pathobiology of oxygen metabolism in such diseases could be a fruitful path towards tangible clinical benefits. Studies in Renal Disorder collects reviews from leading researchers and clinical scientists working in exactly this field, providing an overview of the latest advances. The causal role of impaired oxygen metabolism in kidney disease has numerous clinical implications. It affects our understanding of the therapeutic benefits accruing from anti-hypertensive agents; the way we control hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia; and our use of dietary approaches to the correction of obesity. The defensive mechanisms against oxidative stress, such as the Nrf2-Keap1 system, and hypoxia, such as the PHD-HIF system, have recently been explored in various cells, including kidney cells. These mechanisms include intracellular sensors for oxidative stress and hypoxia. This means that novel approaches targeting these sensors may offer clinical benefits in kidney disease in which oxidative stress and/or hypoxia is a final, common pathway.
Download or read book Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Ulrich Flogel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community owing to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19F nucleus. Fluorine has an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI. There is negligible endogenous 19F in the body and thus there is no background signal. Fluorine-containing compounds are ideal tracer labels for a wide variety of MRI applications. Moreover, the chemical shift and nuclear relaxation rate can be made responsive to physiology via creative molecular design. This book is an interdisciplinary compendium that details cutting-edge science and medical research in the emerging field of 19F MRI. Edited by Ulrich Flögel and Eric Ahrens, two prominent MRI researchers, this book will appeal to investigators involved in MRI, biomedicine, immunology, pharmacology, probe chemistry, and imaging physics.
Download or read book Husband and Reznek s Imaging in Oncology written by Janet Husband and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-23 with total page 1502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years there has been recognition of the central role of imaging in the management of patients with cancer. The third edition of this widely acclaimed book builds on the foundations laid down by the first edition, the 1998 winner of the Royal Society's award for the Multi-author Textbook of the Year, and the second (2004). The core of the
Download or read book Hybrid PET MR Imaging An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America E Book written by Weili Lin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of MRI Clinics of North America focuses on Imaging of the PET/MR Imaging, and articles will include: Principles of PET/MR Imaging; Attenuation Correction of PET/MR Imaging; MR-Derived Improvements in PET Imaging; Neurological Applications of PET/MR; Oncological Applications of PET/MR Imaging on the Head and Neck; Oncological Applications of PET/MR Imaging on GYN/GU; PET/MR Imaging of Multiple Myeloma; Pediatric Nuances of PET/MR Imaging; Cardiac Applications of PET/MR Imaging; Logistics and Practical Considerations of MR Coils for PET/MR; Integration of PET/MR Hybrid Imaging into Radiation Therapy Treatment; Practical Clinical Considerations of PET/MR; Incremental value of FDG PET/MR in Assessment of Rectal Cancer, and more!
Download or read book Angiogenesis Assays written by Carolyn A. Staton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.
Download or read book Molecular Imaging written by Brian D. Ross and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brain Tumor Imaging written by Elke Hattingen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the basics, the challenges and the limitations of state of the art brain tumor imaging and examines in detail its impact on diagnosis and treatment monitoring. It opens with an introduction to the clinically relevant physical principles of brain imaging. Since MR methodology plays a crucial role in brain imaging, the fundamental aspects of MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR methods are described, focusing on the specific demands of brain tumor imaging. The potential and the limits of new imaging methodology are carefully addressed and compared to conventional MR imaging. In the main part of the book, the most important imaging criteria for the differential diagnosis of solid and necrotic brain tumors are delineated and illustrated in examples. A closing section is devoted to the use of MR methods for the monitoring of brain tumor therapy. The book is intended for radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, oncologists and other scientists in the biomedical field with an interest in neuro-oncology.
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII written by Clare E. Elwell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-18 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the refereed contributions from the 42nd annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The papers in this volume summarize some of the outstanding contributions from the 42nd annual meeting, which included sessions on: cellular hypoxia and mitochondria; blood substitutes and oxygen therapeutics; oxygen transport in critical care medicine and disease; muscle oxygenation; multi modal imaging techniques; brain oxygenation and imaging; optical techniques for oxygen measurement; microcirculation; mathematical modelling of oxygen transport; and cancer metabolism.
Download or read book Radiation Oncology Advances written by Søren M. Bentzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-20 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the exciting new developments shaping the current and future practice of radiation oncology. Advances in treatment planning and delivery, in biological targeted therapies combined with radiation and in functional and molecular imaging are all covered in a single volume. All of these advances are discussed by leading experts in the field and with a critical evaluation of their clinical relevance throughout.
Download or read book Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXVI written by Paul Okunieff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-18 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Society of Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT) was founded in 1973 to provide a forum for bioengineers, basic scientists, physiologists, and physicians to discuss new data, original theories, new interpretations of old data, and new technologies for the measurement of oxygen. At each annual meeting all posters are presented orally along with plenary lectures, and all presentations are given in a general session attended by everyone. Each meeting has had a specific focus, ranging from neonatology to physical chemistry to cancer biology. The Society has helped to build many careers, through opportunities to meet leaders in the field, and through awards made to young physicians and scientists. The Society also, through cross fertilization of ideas and scientific comradery, has inspired many breakthroughs in clinical medicine that now benefit mankind. I find myself president of the society after having been a winner of the Melvin Knisely Award for young scientists, in 1991. The 2003 meeting emphasized the role of oxygen and oxygen measurement in tumor growth, metastasis, physiology, and treatment resistance. Additionally, however, completely novel approaches to measurement of tissue oxygen were presented (notably work by Dr. Takahashi) and molecular methods for estimating tissue oxygen were evaluated. Papers discussing other aspects of oxygen measurement and pathophysiology were presented including in vivo ESR spectroscopy (notably including Dr. Swartz and colleagues), exercise physiology, organ transplant outcome (discussed by Dr. Cicco, our 2004 president), circulatory physiology, and cerebral oxygenation (notably including Dr. Chance).
