Download or read book The Enhanced Plan for Features Events and Processes FEPS at Yucca Mountain written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A performance assessment is required to demonstrate compliance with the post-closure performance objectives for the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP), as stated in 10 CFR Part 63.1 13 (66 FR 55732, p. 55807). A performance assessment is defined in 10 CFR 63.2 (66 FR 55732, p. 55794) as an analysis that: (1) identifies the features, events, and processes (FEPs) that might affect the potential geologic repository; (2) examines the effects of those FEPs upon the performance of the potential geologic repository; and (3) estimates the expected dose incurred by a specified reasonably maximally exposed individual as a result of releases caused by significant FEPs. The performance assessment must also provide the technical basis for inclusion or exclusion of specific FEPs in the performance assessment as stated in 10 CFR 63.114 (66 FR 55732, p. 55807). An initial approach for FEP development, in support of the Total System Performance Assessment for the Site Recommendation (TSPA-SR) (CRWMS M & O 2000e), was documented in Freeze et al. (2001). The development of a comprehensive list of FEPs potentially relevant to the post-closure performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository is an ongoing, iterative process based on site-specific information, design, and regulations. Although comprehensiveness of the FEPs list cannot be proven with absolute certainty, confidence can be gained through a combination of formal and systematic reviews (both top-down and bottom-up), audits, and comparisons with other FEP lists and through the application of more than one classification scheme. To support TSPA-SR, DOE used a multi-step approach for demonstrating comprehensiveness of the initial list of FEPs. Input was obtained from other international radioactive waste disposal programs as compiled by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to establish a general list of FEPs. The list was subsequently refined to include YMP-specific FEPs that account for the uniqueness of the design and setting (unsaturated fractured tuff). FEPs were then categorized to assess potential interactions and to establish the framework for scenario development and assessment. The level of detail of each individual FEP was determined to be the lowest level that would support model development activities. Although the level of detail between FEPs varies, the level of detail is considered appropriate to demonstrate the safety case.
Download or read book THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE YUCCA MOUNTAIN PROJECT FEATURE EVENT AND PROCESS FEP DATABASE written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Total System Performance Assessment for Site Recommendation (TSPA-SR) has recently been completed (CRWMS M & O, 2000b) for the potential high-level waste repository at the Yucca Mountain site. The TSPA-SR is an integrated model of scenarios and processes relevant to the postclosure performance of the potential repository. The TSPA-SR scenarios and model components in turn include representations of all features, events, and processes (FEPs) identified as being relevant (i.e., screened in) for analysis. The process of identifying, classifying, and screening potentially relevant FEPs thus provides a critical foundation for scenario development and TSPA analyses for the Yucca Mountain site (Swift et al., 1999). The objectives of this paper are to describe (a) the identification and classification of the comprehensive list of FEPs potentially relevant to the postclosure performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository, and (b) the development, structure, and use of an electronic database for storing and retrieving screening information about the inclusion and/or exclusion of these Yucca Mountain FEPs in TSPA-SR. The FEPs approach to scenario development is not unique to the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). General systematic approaches are summarized in NEA (1992). The application of the FEPs approach in several other international radioactive waste disposal programs is summarized in NEA (1999).
Download or read book Yucca Mountain Feature Event and Process FEP Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) model was developed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) to help demonstrate compliance with applicable postclosure regulatory standards and support the License Application (LA). Two important precursors to the development of the TSPA model were (1) the identification and screening of features, events, and processes (FEPs) that might affect the Yucca Mountain disposal system (i.e., FEP analysis), and (2) the formation of scenarios from screened in (included) FEPs to be evaluated in the TSPA model (i.e., scenario development). YMP FEP analysis and scenario development followed a five-step process: (1) Identify a comprehensive list of FEPs potentially relevant to the long-term performance of the disposal system. (2) Screen the FEPs using specified criteria to identify those FEPs that should be included in the TSPA analysis and those that can be excluded from the analysis. (3) Form scenarios from the screened in (included) FEPs. (4) Screen the scenarios using the same criteria applied to the FEPs to identify any scenarios that can be excluded from the TSPA, as appropriate. (5) Specify the implementation of the scenarios in the computational modeling for the TSPA, and document the treatment of included FEPs. This paper describes the FEP analysis approach (Steps 1 and 2) for YMP, with a brief discussion of scenario formation (Step 3). Details of YMP scenario development (Steps 3 and 4) and TSPA modeling (Step 5) are beyond scope of this paper. The identification and screening of the YMP FEPs was an iterative process based on site-specific information, design, and regulations. The process was iterative in the sense that there were multiple evaluation and feedback steps (e.g., separate preliminary, interim, and final analyses). The initial YMP FEP list was compiled from an existing international list of FEPs from other radioactive waste disposal programs and was augmented by YMP site- and design-specific FEPs identified from project literature and other sources. The YMP FEP list then evolved through a series of TSPA iterations, through repeated iterations with subject matter experts, and in parallel with new site and design information. An electronic FEP database and an associated FEP classification system were developed to catalog the YMP FEPs and enhance the ability of project personnel to examine the FEPs. The formal iterations and the use of the database assisted in the demonstration of the completeness of the FEP list. FEP screening was performed in accordance with final regulatory standards. FEPs were screened out (excluded) by either (1) low probability, (2) low consequence, or (3) by inconsistency with the regulations. All FEPs that could not be screened out formed the conceptual basis for, and were included in, the TSPA model. In summary, formal YMP FEP analysis produced: A comprehensive and manageable list of FEPs potentially relevant to Yucca Mountain disposal system postclosure performance; A subset of included FEPs from which to develop TSPA scenarios and models; and An electronic database to assist project personnel and reviewers in locating FEP and model related information.
Download or read book U S Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board Report to the U S Congress and the Secretary of Energy January 1 2001 to January 31 2002 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development of Information Catalogued in Rev 00 of the YMP FEP Database written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the provisions of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Interim Guidance, a performance assessment is required to demonstrate compliance with the postclosure performance objectives for the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). Section 102(j) defines a performance assessment as a systematic analysis that (1) identifies the features, events, and processes (FEPs) that might affect the performance of the potential geologic repository, (2) examines the effects of such FEPs on the performance of the potential geologic repository, and (3) estimates the expected annual dose to a specified receptor group. The performance assessment must also provide the technical basis for inclusion or exclusion of specific FEPs in the performance assessment. To address these requirements, the YMP has adopted a five-step approach to selecting scenarios for analysis in the Total System Performance Assessment for the Site Recommendation (TSPA-SR) that is based on the identification and screening of FEPs potentially relevant to the postclosure performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository.
Download or read book Rules and Regulations written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Energy written by David Bodansky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition represents an extensive revision of the ?rst edition, - though the motivation for the book and the intended audiences, as described inthepreviouspreface,remainthesame. Theoveralllengthhasbeenincreased substantially, with revised or expanded discussions of a number of topics, - cluding Yucca Mountain repository plans, new reactor designs, health e?ects of radiation, costs of electricity, and dangers from terrorism and weapons p- liferation. The overall status of nuclear power has changed rather little over the past eight years. Nuclear reactor construction remains at a very low ebb in much of the world, with the exception of Asia, while nuclear power’s share of the electricity supply continues to be about 75% in France and 20% in the United States. However,therearesignsofaheightenedinterestinconsideringpossible nuclear growth. In the late 1990s, the U. S. Department of Energy began new programs to stimulate research and planning for future reactors, and many candidate designs are now contending—at least on paper—to be the next generation leaders. Outside the United States, the commercial development ofthePebbleBedModularReactorisbeingpursuedinSouthAfrica,aFrench- German consortium has won an order from Finlandfor the long-plannedEPR (European Pressurized Water Reactor), and new reactors have been built or planned in Asia. In an unanticipated positive development for nuclear energy, the capacity factor of U. S. reactors has increased dramatically in recent years, and most operating reactors now appear headed for 20-year license renewals.
Download or read book Feature Event and Process Screening and Scenario Development for the Yucca Mountain Total System Performance Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scenario development has two primary purposes in the design and documentation of post-closure performance assessments in a regulatory setting. First, scenario development ensures a sufficiently comprehensive consideration of the possible future states of the system. Second, scenario development identifies the important scenarios that must be considered in quantitative analyses of the total system performance assessment (TSPA). Section 2.0 of this report describes the scenario development process. Steps in the process are described in Section 2.1, and terms introduced in this section are defined in Section 2.2. The electronic database used to document the process is described in Section 3, and Section 4 provides a summary of the current status of the YMP scenario development work. Section 5 contains acknowledgments, and Section 6 contains a list of the references cited.
Download or read book Considerations in the Development of Near Surface Repositories for Radioactive Waste written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an integrated, stepwise approach for the development of near surface disposal facilities for low and intermediate level radioactive waste. The report is consistent with the current international requirements, principles, standards and guidance for the disposal of radioactive waste. The approach is designed to be flexible enough to be suitable for use in the various Member States, ranging from countries that have nuclear power plants to countries that have small inventories of radioactive waste from nuclear applications.
Download or read book Transition from Operation to Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environment Reporter written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disposition of High Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused attention by world leaders is needed to address the substantial challenges posed by disposal of spent nuclear fuel from reactors and high-level radioactive waste from processing such fuel. The biggest challenges in achieving safe and secure storage and permanent waste disposal are societal, although technical challenges remain. Disposition of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is a sound approach as long as it progresses through a stepwise decision-making process that takes advantage of technical advances, public participation, and international cooperation. Written for concerned citizens as well as policymakers, this book was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and waste management organizations in eight other countries.
Download or read book Technical Reports Series written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of the Department of Energy s Plans for Disposal of Surplus Plutonium in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued an Interim Report evaluating the general viability of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration's (DOE-NNSA's) conceptual plans for disposing of 34 metric tons (MT) of surplus plutonium in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a deep geologic repository near Carlsbad, New Mexico. It provided a preliminary assessment of the general viability of DOE-NNSA's conceptual plans, focused on some of the barriers to their implementation. This final report addresses the remaining issues and echoes the recommendations from the interim study.
Download or read book Considering Timescales in the Post closure Safety of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key challenge in the development of safety cases for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste is handling the long time frame over which the radioactive waste remains hazardous. The intrinsic hazard of the waste decreases with time, but some hazard remains for extremely long periods. This report reviews the current status and ongoing discussions of this issue, addressing such issues as ethical principles, the evolution of the hazard over time, uncertainties in the evolution of the disposal system (and how these uncertainties themselves evolve), the stability and predictability of the geological environment, repository planning and implementation including regulatory requirements, siting decisions, repository design, the development and presentation of safety cases and the planning of pre- and post-closure institutional controls such as monitoring requirements.
Download or read book FutureGen Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disposal of All Forms of Radioactive Waste and Residues written by Michael Lersow and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-16 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes repository solutions for all types of radioactive waste and residues in different geotechnical repository structures. The focus is initially on existing or planned final disposal sites in Germany and the process of finding sites. However, international comparisons are drawn, especially to locations in the US. This affects both the repository structures and the legal requirements. The radioactive substances considered include residues from uranium ore processing, as well as low and intermediate level radioactive waste up to heat generating, high level radioactive wastes, such as spent fuel and vitrified waste from reprocessing. In order to evaluate the repository structures and their inventories, a dimensionless radiotoxicity index Ai / Fi [activity of radionuclide quantity (Ai) related to the exemption limit of radionuclide (Fi)] has been introduced. This gives the reader a well-founded overview of the degree of inconsistency in the handling of safety requirements for the respective geotechnical environmental structures. This creates the necessary transparency on this issue, which has not been previously available and is required by stakeholders today. The long-term security, the duration of the observation period and the certainty of the safety prognosis are also discussed in the book as well as the participation of subsequent generations in current and possible future repositories. This is vital as nuclear energy will continue to be used worldwide in the long term. The international repository projects presented have all been subjected to the same evaluation criteria. This applies both to existing operational project as well as those about to be commissioned and the processes for seeking locations. Special attention has been paid to monitoring, both operational and long-term monitoring. This broad range of topics makes this book a very valuable read for both the interested public and the professional world.
