Download or read book The Enclave Economy written by Kevin P. Gallagher and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-07-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the extent to which foreign investment in Mexico's information technology sector brought economic, social, and environmental benefits to Guadalajara. Foreign investment has been widely perceived as a panacea for developing countries—as a way to reduce poverty and kick-start sustainable modern industries. The Enclave Economy calls this prescription into question, showing that Mexico's post-NAFTA experience of foreign direct investment in its information technology sector, particularly in the Guadalajara region, did not result in the expected benefits. Charting the rise and fall of Mexico's “Silicon Valley,” the authors explore issues that resonate through much of Latin America and the developing world: the social, economic, and environmental effects of market-driven globalization. In the 1990s, Mexico was a poster child for globalization, throwing open its borders to trade and foreign investment, embracing NAFTA, and ending the government's role in strengthening domestic industry. But The Enclave Economy shows that although Mexico was initially successful in attracting multinational corporations, foreign investments waned in the absence of active government support and as China became increasingly competitive. Moreover, the authors find that foreign investment created an “enclave economy” the benefits of which were confined to an international sector not connected to the wider Mexican economy. In fact, foreign investment put many local IT firms out of business and transferred only limited amounts of environmentally sound technology. The authors suggest policies and strategies that will enable Mexico and other developing countries to foster foreign investment for sustainable development in the future.
Download or read book The Enclave Economy written by Kevin Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a four-year study of the 1990s foreign investment-led expansion of the high technology sector in the Mexican state of Jalisco and the extent to which it contributed to the country's economic, social and environmental development.
Download or read book The Enclave Economy written by Kevin Gallagher and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign investment has been widely perceived as a panacea for developing countries--as a way to reduce poverty and kick-start sustainable modern industries. The Enclave Economy calls this prescription into question, showing that Mexico's post-NAFTA experience of foreign direct investment in its information technology sector, particularly in the Guadalajara region, did not result in the expected benefits. Charting the rise and fall of Mexico's "Silicon Valley," the authors explore issues that resonate through much of Latin America and the developing world: the social, economic, and environmental effects of market-driven globalization. In the 1990s, Mexico was a poster child for globalization, throwing open its borders to trade and foreign investment, embracing NAFTA, and ending the government's role in strengthening domestic industry. But The Enclave Economy shows that although Mexico was initially successful in attracting multinational corporations, foreign investments waned in the absence of active government support and as China became increasingly competitive. Moreover, the authors find that foreign investment created an "enclave economy" the benefits of which were confined to an international sector not connected to the wider Mexican economy. In fact, foreign investment put many local IT firms out of business and transferred only limited amounts of environmentally sound technology. The authors suggest policies and strategies that will enable Mexico and other developing countries to foster foreign investment for sustainable development in the future. Kevin P. Gallagher is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Boston University and Senior Researcher at the Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University. He is the author of Free Trade and the Environment: Mexico, NAFTA, and Beyond and other books. Lyuba Zarsky is a Consultant and Senior Research Fellow at the Global Development and Environment Institute. She is a contributing editor of Investment for Sustainable Development: Balancing Rights and Rewards.
Download or read book Beyond the Enclave written by Godfrey Kanyenze and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2011 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond the Enclave sets out to unravel the contradiction of a country, Zimbabwe, where a rich, diverse resource base co-exists with endemic poverty. One reason lies in the colonial economy, which was predicated on an ideology of white supremacy, creating an enclave formal economy employing one-fifth of the labour force. Yet over three decades after independence, the non-formal segment has become even more entrenched. This book assesses Zimbabwe's economy through three main phases: 1980- 0 when a strong social policy framework proved difficult to sustain due to erratic growth, and 1991- 6, when "structural adjustment" demanded a market-driven approach to development. The third phase is characterized by crisis-management leading to policy inconsistencies and reversals. Not surprisingly, such incoherence saw the economy descend into hyperinflation and paralysis in 2007- 8, leading to the signing of the Global Political Agreement in September 2008. In the absence of formal dollarization, economic recovery after the adoption of the multi-currency regime has remained fragile, leaving an estimated 70 per cent of the population outside the banking system. This has further entrenched uneven (enclave) growth as the economy remains locked in a low-income poverty trap. There is a need to facilitate transition towards formality to promote decent jobs. Furthermore, a strategic, developmental role for the state in the economy is now widely recognized as vital for development. Beyond the Enclave argues for a new approach to development in Zimbabwe based on pro-poor and inclusive strategies, which will contribute to the well-being of all of its citizens and wise stewardship of its resources. It offers suggestions on policy formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation in all sectors, designed to promote inclusive growth and humane development.
Download or read book Enclaves of Exception written by Omolade Adunbi and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we measure and truly grasp the sweeping social and environmental effects of an oil-based economy? Focusing on the special economic zones resulting from China's trading partnership with Nigeria, Enclaves of Exception offers a new approach to exploring the relationship between oil and technologies of extraction and their interrelatedness to local livelihoods and environmental practices. In this groundbreaking work, Omolade Adunbi argues that even though the exploitation of oil resources is dominated by big corporations, it establishes opportunities for many former Nigerian insurgents and their local communities to contest the ownership of such resources in the oil-rich Niger Delta and to extract oil themselves and sell it. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Enclaves of Exception makes clear that, although both the free trade zones and the now booming local artisanal refineries share the goals of profit-making and are enthusiastically supported by those benefiting from them economically, they have yielded dramatically the same environmental outcome for communities around them that included pollution with precarious effects on the health of the populations in the regions, and displacement of population from their livelihood practices.
Download or read book Contagion and Enclaves written by Nandini Bhattacharya and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contagion and Enclaves examines the social history of medicine across two intersecting British enclaves in the major tea-producing region of colonial India: the hill station of Darjeeling and the adjacent tea plantations of North Bengal. Focusing on the establishment of hill sanatoria and other health care facilities and practices against the backdrop of the expansion of tea cultivation and labor migration, it tracks the demographic and environmental transformation of the region and the critical role race and medicine played in it, showing that the British enclaves were essential and distinctive sites of the articulation of colonial power and economy.
Download or read book A Theory of Enclaves written by Evgeny Vinokurov and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attempting to provide a fully-fledged theory of enclaves and exclaves, A Theory of Enclaves covers a wide scope of regions and territories throughout the world and satisfies the need for a systematic view on enclaves. This book covers 282 enclaves, with a combined population total of approximately three million, but the importance of enclaves is much higher because of their specific status and issues raised for both the mainland states and the surrounding states: Gibraltar was disproportionately large for British-Spanish relations throughout the last three centuries, Kaliningrad managed to cause a major crisis in the EU-Russian relations in 2002-03, Tiny Ceuta and Melilla have caused tensions in Spanish-Moroccan relations for more than three centuries and have recently become visible as conflict points at the EU level, German Buesingen was subject to several complex international treaties between Germany and Switzerland. Rather than viewing each enclave as a unique case, or even as an anomaly, A Theory of Enclaves provides a systematic investigation of enclave-related political and economic issues. Rich on maps and illustrations, A Theory of Enclaves strives to comprise three facets of enclaves' existence: political, economic, and social life.
Download or read book Doing Business with Beauty written by Adia Harvey Wingfield and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2009 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black women comprise one of the fastest-growing groups of business owners in the United States. In Doing Business with Beauty, sociologist Adia Harvey Wingfield examines this often-overlooked group and one of the most popular businesses run by these entrepreneurs: hair salons. Using in-depth interviews with hair salon owners, Doing Business with Beauty explores several facets of the business of owning a hair salon, including the process of becoming an owner, the dynamics of the owner-employee relationship, and the factors that steer black women to work in the hair industry. Through Harvey Wingfield's research we can understand the black female business owner's struggle for autonomy and her success in entrepreneurship. Book jacket.
Download or read book Close Encounters of Empire written by Gilbert Michael Joseph and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays that suggest new ways of understanding the role that US actors and agencies have played in Latin America." - publisher.
Download or read book Reconstructing Chinatown written by Jan Lin and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the American popular imagination, Chinatown is a mysterious and dangerous place, clannish and dilapidated, filled with sweatshops, vice, and organizational crime. This volume presents a real-world picture of New York City's Chinatown, countering the "orientalist" view by looking at the human dimensions and the larger forces of globalization that make this neighbourhood both unique and broadly instructive.
Download or read book The Enclave Economy and Market Based Recovery written by Walter Gillis Peacock and published by . This book was released on 1997* with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Intelligent Systems in Multi modal Information Analytics written by Vijayan Sugumaran and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transclave Economy written by Soyoung Park (City planner) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ethnic enclave economy -- the spatial clustering of immigrant enterprises where immigrant owners employ workers of their own ethnic or migration background - has been portrayed as a protected labor market where immigrant business owners and workers build beneficial or exploitative relationships. Scholars' characterizations of the ethnic enclave economy have been dichotomized. Optimists argue that it allows immigrants to avert labor market discrimination and racism in a host society. Specifically, immigrant workers can find entry-level jobs with ethnic enterprises despite their limited socioeconomic capital, while employers take advantage of easy access to cheap, loyal workforces. Pessimists, in contrast, claim that this enclave effect is insignificant. They point out that workers are underpaid and that the heavy reliance on ethnic ties hampers employers from innovation and expansion. Over the last several decades, the persistent debate over the positive functions of the enclave economy, which is called the enclave effect, has expanded our knowledge of the social mobility of immigrants in a receiving society. Despite its significant contribution, a limitation of this debate is that scholars assume this economic ecosystem is static rather than fluid. The majority of enclave economy articles capture the earlier stage of the developmental trajectory of the immigrant economy, which is dominated by a single-ethnicity group and small mom-and-pop businesses. Under this premise, they examine the economic performance of the immigrants in that exceptional temporal context. Consequently, they pay little attention to the constantly changing nature of the enclave economy and interpret the ethnic enclave as an equilibrium place where socioeconomic conditions (e.g., ethnic diversity, immigration law, economic vibrancy) are stable. However, in highly globalized urban settings, the enclave economy undergoes consistent ethnic diversification, stratification, and spatial reconfiguration as a result of the socioeconomic changes in a host society and the inflow of people from different countries, who maintain continuing connection to their home societies. By utilizing mixed methodology, including geostatistical analysis, interviews, surveys, and longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork from 2020 to 2021, this dissertation reveals how the enclave economy has developed into a multiethnic contested place where immigrants from different backgrounds cooperate and compete. To highlight the variable nature of the enclave economy, I incorporate the transnationalism framework and propose the term transclave economy. I argue the transclave economy is developed by the transnational inflows of labor, capital, and heterogeneous culture into an immigrant economy. In this variable system, the enclave effect should be understood as a fluid capability whose function is contingent to the time and context that each enclave economy participant is situated in. The framework will be applied to the case of nail salons in New York City, where the largest cosmetology service cluster is located and the majority of workers and owners are immigrant women. Ultimately, this dissertation contributes to highlighting the enclave economy as a system of becoming, rather than a system of being, which is an increasingly important perspective in understanding multicultural city environments.
Download or read book Interplaces written by Nicholas A. Phelps and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the world's economic activity takes place in between cities and nations - the geographical containers that we have taken for granted for hundreds of years now. In this book Nicholas Phelps provides a guide to this uncharted territory within urban and economic geography. He highlights the importance of intermediary actors and processes in shaping this economy in between. From the airports, shopping malls, and office parks that have sprung up on the road between cities, to work done on the move in cars and trains, to the decisions made by internationally mobile networks of experts in conferences and negotiations. The geography of the economy in between is revealed as one involving four recurring and coexisting economic geographical formations - the agglomeration, the enclave, the networks, and the arena. Phelps sets out a multidisciplinary perspective and agenda on the question of the how, why, and where much contemporary economic activity takes place.
Download or read book Landscapes of the Ethnic Economy written by David H. Kaplan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2006 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the worldwide boom in immigration, this book traces the profound changes in urban areas as new arrivals have transformed inner cities and suburbs alike into bastions of new ethnic economic activity. Each chapter addresses the significance of urban space and local context in developing various ethnic economies and how ethnic economies have helped to re-create urban neighborhoods. With its international scope and rich case studies, this book will be invaluable for scholars and students alike in the fields of ethnic studies, urban studies, economic development, geography, and sociology.
Download or read book Chinatown written by Min Zhou and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethnic enclaves as an alternative means of incorporation into the larger society.
Download or read book The Dragon in the Room written by Kevin Gallagher and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-24 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows that China's rise may jeopardize the future of Latin American industrialization.
