Download or read book The Effects of Vegetation Type and Grazing System on the Performance Diet and Intake of Yearling Cattle written by Jerry Lee Holechek and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Grazing Systems on the Performance and Diet of Yearling Cattle written by Timothy James Berry and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon to determine cattle performance, diet quality, botanical composition of forage ingested, and production and utilization among rest-rotation, season-long, and deferred rotation grazing systems. The grazing season lasted from June 20 to October 10 of each year. Cows equipped with esophageal fistulas were used to evaluate diet quality and diet botanical composition. Yearling heifers were used to evaluate livestock performance. The weight estimate method combined with a double sampling technique was used to estimate forage production. Utilization estimates were made by employing the use of the ocular-estimate-by-average-of- plants method. Grass was the most important forage class in cattle diets among the three systems. Grasses made up 67.7 percent of cattle diets on the season-long and rest-rotation grazing systems when data were pooled across systems, periods, and years. Forbs and shrubs contributed 19.7 percent and 11.6 percent of the diet, respectively. Area collected and vegetation structure appear to influence the percent by weight of important species found in the diets of cattle among the systems. More grasses were consumed in the season-long system during early summer of 1979 than in the rest-rotation grazing system. Forb consumption decreased from 32.0 percent by weight to 8.1 percent as the grazing season advanced. Shrub consumption totalled only 13.4 and 17.5 percent during early summer and late summer, respectively. Crude protein, acid detergent fiber, lignin, and cellulose values of diet samples were not significantly different among the systems when data were pooled across years and periods. Although values for in vitro dry matter digestibility were different among the three systems, differences were not great enough to change animal performance. Livestock performance data trends were very consistent with diet quality data trends. However, livestock performance was significantly different among the grazing systems when data were pooled across years and periods even though there was little difference in diet quality among the systems. Average daily gains were 0.51, 0.61 and 0.65 kg for the rest-rotation, season-long, and deferred rotation grazing systems. Animals gained significantly more in deferred rotation than in the other two systems. Cattle gained significantly less in rest-rotation than cattle in season-long when data were pooled over years and periods. When spring rainfall was highest in 1980, production was greatest. Utilization was heaviest in the rest-rotation pasture when grazing pressure was heaviest due to animals remaining in this pasture throughout the grazing season. However, utilization totalled only 30 percent during 1980 in rest-rotation.
Download or read book Managing Interior Northwest Rangelands written by Thomas Milton Quigley and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fifty Years of Research Progress written by Jon M. Skovlin and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developing Strategies For Rangeland Management written by Mary Koppal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-02-28 with total page 2022 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a two-year study, the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on Developing Strategies for Rangeland Management examined at length the scientific, political, economic, legal, and social issues arising from the BLM's stewardship role. This book, reporting the findings and recommendations of the NAS committee, contains over eighty professional papers presented at workshops designed to assess forage allocation, inventory of rangeland resources, impact of grazing intensity and specialized grazing systems on the use and value of rangeland, manipulative range improvements, application of socioeconomic techniques to range management decision making, and political and legal aspects of range management.
Download or read book Land and Resource Management Plan Final environmental impact statement land and resource management plan Malheur National Forest written by United States. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Draft Environmental Impact Statement written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Animal Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malheur National Forest N F Land and Resource s Management Plan LRMP written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malheur National Forest written by United States. Forest Service. Pacific Northwest Region and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Responses of Plant Communities to Grazing in the Southwestern United States written by Daniel G. Milchunas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing by wild and domestic mammals can have small to large effects on plant communities, depending on characteristics of the particular community and of the type and intensity of grazing. The broad objective of this report was to extensively review literature on the effects of grazing on 25 plant communities of the southwestern U.S. in terms of plant species composition, aboveground primary productivity, and root and soil attributes. Livestock grazing management and grazing systems are assessed, as are effects of small and large native mammals and feral species, when data are available. Emphasis is placed on the evolutionary history of grazing and productivity of the particular communities as determinants of response. After reviewing available studies for each community type, we compare changes in species composition with grazing among community types. Comparisons are also made between southwestern communities with a relatively short history of grazing and communities of the adjacent Great Plains with a long evolutionary history of grazing. Evidence for grazing as a factor in shifts from grasslands to shrublands is considered. An appendix outlines a new community classification system, which is followed in describing grazing impacts in prior sections.
Download or read book Effects of Strip Versus Continuous Grazing Management on Diet Parameters and Performance of Yearling Steers Grazing Native Flood Meadow Vegetation in Eastern Oregon written by David Kenneth Blount and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A trial was conducted May 1 to September 4, 1989 at the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center (EOARC) Burns, OR to examine the effects of strip or continuous grazing management on the diet and performance of steers grazing native flood meadows. The objective was to determine if strip grazing would be a more efficient means of grazing management than continuous grazing. The experiment was designed to test diet quality, botanical composition of the diet, daily dry matter (DM) intake and performance of yearling steers. Eighty yearling steers weighing 253±17 kg were selected from cattle at the Squaw Butte Experiment Station. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with blocking based on past forage production. Treatments were continuous or strip grazing. A representative meadow of approximately 22.4 ha was divided into four equal pastures. Continuous grazing steers had access to 5.6 ha pastures for the duration of the study. Animals on strip grazing were confined to an area that was estimated to provide 5-7 days of forage using New Zealand portable electric fencing. Strip sizes were predetermined based on standing forage crop. Steers were not allowed to graze more than 7 days in any one strip. Diet quality was estimated from bi-weekly esophageal samples. Extrusa was collected from 4 esophageal fistulated steers per treatment on two consecutive days. Collections were timed to coincide with the mid point of the strip being currently grazed. Samples were pooled by collection dates and analyzed for CP and IVOMD. Dietary OM intake was estimated from biweekly, 24 hr total fecal collections starting the day following esophageal collections. Total DM fecal output from 6 fecal collection steers per treatment was corrected with the %IVOMD to predict actual DM intake. Diet botanical composition was estimated by microhistological examination of fecal sub-samples. Animal weight gains were recorded bi-weekly. Experimental animals grazed together at all times during the trial. Initial stocking densities were 2.0 AU/ha in each treatment pasture. Steers were counted as .56 AU with 20 steers grazing 5.6 ha pastures. The average strip size over the trial was .46 ha; and depending upon standing crop of forage, ranged from .23-1.15 ha. Record moisture from snowmelt and rainfall resulted in greater than expected standing crop of forage. This growth resulted in under stocking of both treatment pastures. A 1.08 ha block was removed as hay from the higher forage producing strip treatment block to adjust for over abundant forage. This resulted in a total mean strip grazed area of 4.37 ha or 22% less than continuous grazing. Actual grazing density means over the summer were 2.6 AU/ha for continuous and 3.15 AU/ha for the strip treatment. Available forage was determined from clipped plots on a DM basis and expressed as herbage allowance at a given point in time. Herbage allowance for steers in continuous grazed pastures ranged from 405-1153 kg/AU when measured at bi-weekly intervals and 68-186 kg/AU for strip grazed steers when estimated at the beginning of each strip. Grazing pressure was higher for strip grazed steers (.10 AU/kg) compared to continuous (.02 AU/kg). Diet quality declined significantly over the summer (P
Download or read book Symposium Wildlife Livestock Relationships James M Peek P D Dalke Editors written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Bulletin written by Oregon. Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Australian Journal of Agricultural Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
