Download or read book The Effects of Thermal Acclimation on the Functional Properties of the Trout Myocardium written by Jordan Mitchell Klaiman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) remain active in waters that range between 4oC - 20oC. These large changes in temperature can represent a significant challenge to maintaining physiological processes, including cardiac function. Previous studies have demonstrated that there are mechanisms of thermal compensation in the heart following acclimation to the extremes of the trout's temperature range. However, little is known of the function of the cardiac myofilaments during this response. The objective of this thesis was to examine how thermal acclimation affects the function and composition of the trout myocardium and of the contractile element. I found that when tested at common temperatures, cold acclimation caused a 50% increase in the maximal rate of cardiac actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase, an increase in the Ca2+ sensitivity of skinned cardiac trabeculae, and an increase in the developed pressure and contractility of the intact heart. To investigate the mechanistic basis for these changes in function, I examined the contractile proteins for changes in the phosphorylation state and for differential isoform expression. As well, I characterized changes in the morphology of the trout heart. I found that a 50% decrease in the phosphorylation state of cardiac troponin T, and subtle reductions in the phosphorylation state of slow skeletal troponin T and myosin binding protein-C were associated with these changes in function. In addition, there were multiple isoforms of troponin I (TnI) and troponin T (TnT) expressed in the adult trout heart. However, the expression of the TnT isoforms did not change with thermal acclimation and changes in expression pattern of TnI isoforms could not be determined. Lastly, I found that cold acclimation did not always result in cardiac hypertrophy. When the hypertrophic response was observed, it was predominantly found in males and was accompanied by an increase in collagen content. There was, however, a consistent decrease in the compact layer thickness in both males and females following cold acclimation. The decrease in the compact layer thickness following cold acclimation correlated with increased functional properties of the ventricle. Together, these remodeling events result in improved cardiac function, which helps to explain how the trout heart is able to remain functional at low temperatures.
Download or read book Cardio Respiratory Control in Vertebrates written by Mogens L. Glass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hopefully, this book will be taken off of the shelf frequently to be studied carefully over many years. More than 40 researchers were involved in this project, which examines respiration, circulation, and metabolism from ?sh to the land vertebrates, including human beings. A breathable and stable atmosphere ?rst appeared about 500 million years ago. Oxygen levels are not stable in aquatic environments and exclusively water-breathing ?sh must still cope with the ever-changing levels of O 2 and with large temperature changes. This is re?ected in their sophisticated count- current systems, with high O extraction and internal and external O receptors. 2 2 The conquest for the terrestrial environment took place in the late Devonian period (355–359 million years ago), and recent discoveries portray the gradual transitional evolution of land vertebrates. The oxygen-rich and relatively stable atmospheric conditionsimpliedthatoxygen-sensingmechanismswererelativelysimpleandl- gain compared with acid–base regulation. Recently, physiology has expanded into related ?elds such as biochemistry, molecular biology, morphology and anatomy. In the light of the work in these ?elds, the introduction of DNA-based cladograms, which can be used to evaluate the likelihood of land vertebrates and lung?sh as a sister group, could explain why their cardio-respiratory control systems are similar. The diffusing capacity of a duck lung is 40 times higher than that of a toad or lung?sh. Certainly, some animals have evolved to rich high-performance levels.
Download or read book The Physiology of Fishes Fourth Edition written by David H. Evans and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the success of the bestselling third edition, this newly updated and completely revised fourth edition of The Physiology of Fishes provides comprehensive coverage of the most important aspects of the form and function of fishes. It covers the most recent advances as well as fundamental subjects such as cardiovascular physiology, intestinal transport, and gill ion uptake. Written by an international group of experts, this book contains fresh approaches, with completely new treatment of the original topics and the addition of new chapters: Muscle plasticity Membranes and Metabolism Oxygen Sensing Endocrine Disruption Pain Perception Cardiac Regeneration Neuronal Regeneration Two decades after the publication of the first edition, this book remains the only published single-volume work on fish physiology. Each chapter contains an extensive bibliography, providing readers with the best sources from the primary literature. The fourth edition provides an important reference for aquatic biologists, ichthyologists, fisheries scientists, and comparative physiologists.
Download or read book The Journal of Experimental Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2008-11 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cardiovascular System written by A. Kurt Gamperl and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cardiovascular System: Design, Control and Function, Volume 36A, a two- volume set, not only provides comprehensive coverage of the current knowledge in this very active and growing field of research, but also highlights the diversity in cardiovascular morphology and function and the anatomical and physiological plasticity shown by fish taxa that are faced with various abiotic and biotic challenges. Updated topics in this important work include chapters on Heart Morphology and Anatomy, Cardiomyocyte Morphology and Physiology, Electrical Excitability of the Fish Heart, Cardiac Energy Metabolism, Heart Physiology and Function, Hormonal and Intrinsic Biochemical Control of Cardiac Function, and Vascular Anatomy and Morphology. In addition, chapters integrate molecular and cellular data with the growing body of knowledge on heart and in vivo cardiovascular function, and as a result, provide insights into some of the most important questions that still need to be answered. Presents a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular structure and function in fish Covers topics in a way that is ideal for researchers in fish physiology and for audiences within the fields of comparative morphology, histology, aquaculture and ecophysiology Provide insights into some of the most important questions that still need to be answered
Download or read book Journal of Experimental Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Advances and Contributions to Fish Biology written by Hakan Turker and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-21 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an understanding on a large variety of related topics in fish biology. The further development on molecular and cellular biology and ecology leads to assimilate the newer scientific knowledge in this area. Leading research works from around the world are brought together in this book to produce a valuable source of reference for teachers, researcher, and advanced students of biological science. The fist three chapters of this book give a general description of the complex biology of the immune response. Detailed descriptions were also included on understanding of cytokine regulation in teleost immune system. The second three chapters provide information on the environmental stressors on the responses of freshwater fish across molecular to population level. Then, the following two chapters review two special topics; the roles of the atrium and the ventricle across teleost species and the tracer methodologies on the measurements of carbohydrate metabolism. The last chapter discusses the variables that are involved in the feeding behavior of a predatory freshwater fish species.
Download or read book From Hypertension to Heart Failure written by Michael Böhm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart fail ure are the commonest cardiovascular conditions to present in clinical practice. Over the past few years it has become in creasingly clear that they are closely and causally interrelated and that their relationship can have a significant bearing on prognosis. Epidemiological studies have shown that arterial hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for de veloping heart failure. Only one in four patients with hyper tension is adequately managed, and in 50% of cases, the hypertension has not been recognised or treated. Patients with pre-existing hypertension who go on to suffer an acute myocardial infarction have usually not previously had typi cal angina symptoms, the infarct territory is larger, life threatening arrhythmias are commoner and hence in-hospi tal mortality and long-term prognosis are markedly worse. The presence of raised blood pressure in the post-infarct phase doubles the risk of manifest heart failure. The close relationship between hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart failure makes the choice of therapeu tic strategy particularly important. Agents and classes of agents that have prognostic value in all three conditions should be considered first, as synergy might result in addi tional benefits. In such patients, this sort of therapeutic deci sion-making might have further advantages. The use of these agents may prevent complications which are not yet clinically obvious (such as heart failure).
Download or read book Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Heart written by David Sedmera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-23 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of reviews will be of considerable interests to biologists and MDs working on any aspect of cardiovascular function. With state-of-the-art reviews written by competent experts in the field, the content is also of interest for MSc and PhD students in most fields of cardiovascular physiology.
Download or read book Collected Reprints written by Southwest Fisheries Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Physiology written by William H. Dantzler and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Physiology written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Zoology written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological Adaptations to Swimming in Fish written by Josep V. Planas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swimming is an integral part of the life history of many fish species as is intimately linked with their ability to express feeding and predator avoidance behaviors, habitat selection and environmental preferences, social and reproductive behaviors as well as migratory behaviors. Therefore, swimming is an important determinant factor of fitness in a true Darwinian sense and, not surprisingly, swimming performance has been often used as a measure of physiological fitness in fish. The main aim of this Research Topic is to showcase some of the current studies designed to improve our understanding of the physiological energetic and metabolic requirements of swimming and of the adaptive responses to swimming in fish.
Download or read book Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish written by Bernardo Baldisserotto and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-09 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish is the all-inclusive guide to fish species prevalent in the neotropical realm. It provides the most updated systematics, classification, anatomical, behavioral, genetic, and functioning systems information on freshwater neotropical fish species. This book begins by analyzing the differences in phylogeny, anatomy, and behaviour of neotropical fish. Systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, reproductive, muscular, and endocrine are described in detail. This book also looks at the effects of stress on fish immune systems, and how color and pigmentation play into physiology and species differentiation. Biology and Physiology of Freshwater Neotropical Fish is a must-have for fish biologists and zoologists. Students in zoology, ichthyology, and fish farming will also find this book useful for its coverage of some of the world’s rarest and least-known fish species. Features chapters written by top neotropical fish researchers and specialists Discusses environmental effects on neotropical fishes, including climate change and pollution Details the phylogenetic occurrence of electroreceptors and electric organs in fish
Download or read book Publications of the Faculty written by Arizona State University and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
