Download or read book The Effects of Gender role Congruency on Salary Negotiation Outcomes written by Chelsea Vanderpool and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gender Role Congruity in Negotiation written by Kaitlyn Rose Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has demonstrated that gender influences negotiation behavior and outcomes. Using role congruity theory, this study examined if the context of the negotiation, specifically the type of negotiation (integrative vs. distributive), minimized gender effects in choice of negotiation medium. The relationship between fear of backlash, anxiety, and self-efficacy on preference for negotiation medium (virtual vs. face-to-face) was also examined. This study used a 2 Gender: (Male, Female) x 2 Negotiation Type: (Distributive, Integrative) between-participants design with 206 undergraduate students from a voluntary research pool. Multiple logistic regression revealed a main effect of gender on negotiation medium, but no significant interaction of the negotiation approach on the choice of interaction mode and gender. Moderated regression revealed no significant main effects for fear of backlash or self-efficacy on the preference for virtual negotiations, but there was a significant main effect of anxiety on the preference for virtual negotiations. There was also a significant interaction with gender moderating the relationship between fear of backlash and preference for virtual negotiation, but not for the other variables of anxiety or self-efficacy. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Download or read book Gender differences in negotiations written by Simona Vasilache and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2020 in the subject Leadership and Human Resources - Generation Y, Generation Z, , language: English, abstract: The most researched individual-difference topic in negotiation is that of gender differences. Whether there is a choice or not, every person is a negotiator in his own way. This capacity is achieved more or less at individual level. Human beings are not born with this quality, but they have the chance to gain it through experience, in accordance to their own personalities. The purpose of this research is to examine how men and women think about negotiation, how they are treated within the negotiation process, the manner in which they are influenced by stereotypes as well as by other elements of social context, how they respond to tactics and to assess the main negotiating styles adopted by both men and women. Nowadays, the negotiation process plays an essential role especially in the commercial transactions. Through it, people settle differences. "Negotiation in the classic diplomatic sense assumes parties more anxious to agree than to disagree", as stated by Dean Acheson. The areas in which the negotiation matters increased over the years and the need to negotiate is recognized all over the world. The ability to negotiate successfully rests on a combination of analytical and interpersonal skills. The significance of this process became a precious and indispensable factor in any business’s effort made to acquire success. We may say that the negotiation represents the most important thing making the difference between companies that flourish and those that fail, this happening more due to the competitive field of business. An effective and efficient negotiation process is the one that makes sure the company thrives. This is where the negotiation skills come into sight. The individual personality can have a conclusive influence in the way a negotiation takes place. Therefore, among those listed above, to the purpose of this paper also contributes the analysis related to the power of negotiation of both men and women as well as their behaviors and their specific practices. Alongside these, the thesis also gives on outlook in what concerns the women’s ability to negotiate, the importance of the existence of this capacity, the premise that men are better negotiators and the identification of these certain particular aspects.

Download or read book Research Handbook on Gender and Negotiation written by Mara Olekalns and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking Research Handbook, leading international researchers analyse how negotiators’ gender shapes their behaviour and outcomes at the bargaining table, in both work and non-work contexts. World-class experts from the field of negotiation present cutting-edge research on gender and negotiation, highlighting controversies, and generating new questions for consideration. In so doing, this Research Handbook offers helpful insights to negotiators and forges a path for future research.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Negotiation written by Mara Olekalns and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook combines a review of negotiation research with state-of-the-art commentary on the future of negotiation theory and research. Leading international scholars give insight into both the factors known to shape negotiation and the questions that we need to answer as we strive to deepen our understanding of the negotiation process. This Handbook provides analyses of the negotiation process from four distinct perspectives: negotiators' cognition and emotion, social processes and social inferences, communication processes, and complex negotiations, covering trade, peace, environment, and crisis negotiations. Providing an introduction to key topics in negotiation, written by leading researchers in the field, the book will prove insightful for undergraduate students. It also incorporates an excellent summary of past research as well as highlights new directions negotiation research might take which will be valuable for postgraduate students and academics wishing to expand their knowledge on the subject.

Download or read book Toward Pay Equity written by Mary Margaret Keegin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A persistent wage gap exists between women and men in the United States (Catalyst, 2015; Hegewisch, Ellis, and Hartmann, 2015). Although the reasons behind the wage gap are extremely complex, one of the methods through which pay equity may be reached could involve altering the way people approach their goals at the bargaining table, especially since women tend to underperform relative to men in salary negotiations (Mazei, Hüffmeier, Freund, Stuhlmacher, Bilke, and Hertel, 2015). Salary negotiations represent a critical piece of the pay equity puzzle, particularly when individuals are starting their careers. If equally qualified men and women begin their careers negotiating different starting salaries, what may begin as a small difference in pay snowballs to a significant difference in lifetime earnings, and that does not account for other factors like promotions or bonuses. The present study found evidence that supports the use of a motivational intervention for salary negotiations derived from regulatory focus theory (RFT) to reduce gender differences in salary negotiation outcomes. Specifically, women in the role of a job candidate who were told to consciously frame a salary negotiation as an opportunity and instructed to use an eagerness strategy (id est, focus on attaining one's aspiration salary value) achieved better negotiated outcomes (id est, first offer, starting salary) compared to a condition where no specific strategy was assigned. There was also a main effect of the eagerness strategy on first offers and final negotiated salary. The current research also integrated the existing literature on gender differences in negotiation. Women in the eagerness strategy condition anticipated less backlash (id est, social penalties due to violations of traditional gender role norms) for negotiating compared to the control condition. Lastly, priming job candidates' regulatory strategy (id est, eagerness strategy versus control condition) was tested for its role in subjective outcomes such as feelings of satisfaction with the negotiation and perceptions of one's counterpart. Individuals in the eagerness strategy condition did not differ in their satisfaction with negotiated outcomes (id est, salary), the negotiation process, perceptions of their own competence, and perceptions of their counterpart compared to the control condition.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

Download or read book Through the Labyrinth written by Alice Hendrickson Eagly and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "At the heart of the authors' analysis is the metaphor they propose to replace the outdated idea of the glass ceiling: the labyrinth. This new concept better captures the varied challenges that women face as they navigate indirect, complex, and often discontinuous paths toward leadership."--BOOK JACKET.

Download or read book Gender Differences in Salary Negotiations written by Catherine Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Women Don t Ask written by Linda Babcock and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The groundbreaking classic that explores how women can and should negotiate for parity in their workplaces, homes, and beyond When Linda Babcock wanted to know why male graduate students were teaching their own courses while female students were always assigned as assistants, her dean said: "More men ask. The women just don't ask." Drawing on psychology, sociology, economics, and organizational behavior as well as dozens of interviews with men and women in different fields and at all stages in their careers, Women Don't Ask explores how our institutions, child-rearing practices, and implicit assumptions discourage women from asking for the opportunities and resources that they have earned and deserve—perpetuating inequalities that are fundamentally unfair and economically unsound. Women Don't Ask tells women how to ask, and why they should.

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Psychology written by Michelle K Ryan and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Psychology is a unique, state-of-the-art synthesis of the known work, combined with current research trends, in the broad field of gender and psychology. In the past 35 years academic publications on the subject have increased tenfold, and this level of activity as well the diversity of research looks set to increase in the coming years too. The time is ideal for a systematic review of the field. Contributions come from academics around the world and many different disciplines, and as a result multiple perspectives and a diversity of methodologies are presented to understand gender and its implications for behaviour. Chapters cover a wide variety of topics, theoretical approaches, contexts, and social issues; they also critically examine the key issues and current debates. Both advanced students and scholars will find extensive range and depth in the topics covered across the Handbook′s 29 chapters. Published as a single volume, the handbook is aimed at individuals as well as the library market. The SAGE Handbook of Gender and Psychology will have mass appeal across the field of psychology, including social psychology and gender and psychology, as well a number of other subject groups such as gender studies, sociology, organizational behaviour and political science.

Download or read book Negotiation Theory and Strategy written by Russell Korobkin and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike other books that focus on the nuts-and-bolts of the negotiation process, this text’s conceptual approach draws on psychology, economics, and law to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the cognitive and interpersonal underpinnings of negotiation. A total of 21 original negotiation simulations and exercises, with private information for each party, are provided to adopters outside of the text, enable students to apply the lessons of each chapter in context-rich environments in a variety of transactional and litigation settings. New to the 4th Edition: Significant revisions to Chapter 10 (“Gender and Culture”), incorporating the significant amount of scholarship on gender differences in negotiation that has been published in the last decade. Significant revisions to Chapter 14 (“Deceit”), reflecting the burgeoning literature in the field of behavioral ethics. Minor updates and revisions to other chapters. Minor updates to existing simulations and additional new simulations. Professors and students will benefit from: Rigorous, social science-based approach to understanding negotiation as a fundamental process of human interaction. Modular organization, so instructors can choose to assign the chapters in a different order than presented, to better suit their conception of the course without creating undue confusion on the part of students. Each chapter of the book exposes students to challenging theoretical concepts through a combination of narrative material, excerpts of published books and articles, and note material that further explains and builds on points made in the narrative and excerpted sections. The “Discussion Questions and Problems” that end each chapter provide an opportunity for students to explore and apply the reading material in a class discussion format.

Download or read book Explaining Gender Differences in Salary Negotiations written by Meisha-ann Martin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study explores the effects of gender on salary negotiation behaviors and expectancies and the relationship between these variables and starting salary outcomes. College students from a variety of different majors were surveyed prior to and then approximately two to four months after graduation. Though there was no gender difference in final salary or difference between initial and final salary offer, men reported using more aggressive and active salary negotiation behaviors. The results also suggest that men may have felt more empowered in the salary negotiation context. They expected higher salaries than women did, anticipated less discomfort and believed themselves to be less emotional in the salary negotiation context. In addition, males and females both considered stereotypically masculine traits as more effective in the negotiation context than stereotypically feminine traits and this difference was even larger for women than it was for men. Despite the above findings, the absence of gender differences in starting salary outcomes may have been caused by the perception that salary was non-negotiable, as few participants in this study made counteroffers. Future studies are needed to expand the number of field studies on gender differences in salary negotiation and to examine the variables above using a more diverse sample.

Download or read book Negotiation Theory and Research written by Leigh L. Thompson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negotiation is the most important skill anyone in the business world can have today, because people must continually negotiate their jobs, responsibilities, and opportunities. Yet very few people know strategies for maximizing their outcomes in everyday and in more formal business situations. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of this emerging topic through original contributions from leaders in social psychology and negotiation research. All topics covered are core to the understanding of the negotiation process and include: decision-making and judgment, emotion and negotiation, motivation, and game theory.

Download or read book Examining the Intersection of Gender and Age on Backlash Effects in Negotiations written by Amber S. Cotton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Backlash effects are the social and economic sanctions for women, but not men, when exhibiting masculine and agentic traits such as assertiveness. This social disincentive has been suggested to account for women's decreased likelihood to initiate negotiations relative to men. One question that extends from prior findings is how other demographic characteristics (i.e., age) might intersect with gender differences in the experience of backlash in negotiations. Using role congruity theory, research on backlash effects in negotiations and age stereotypes as additional theoretical underpinnings, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the extent to which an individual's gender (male or female), age (younger or older), and level of assertiveness (assertive or non-assertive) influence the likelihood that they would experience both economic and social backlash. Specifically, this study aimed to examine the interplay between these three variables and predicted that older women who display assertive negotiation behaviors would experience the most backlash in negotiations as compared to younger assertive negotiators and less assertive negotiators because their assertive behaviors are perceived as the most incongruent with both gender role and age role beliefs. Data were collected from 417 participants via the use of Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight possible conditions based on three independent variables: gender of the hypothetical employee (male vs. female), the age of the employee (28 years old vs. 55 years old) and negotiation style of the employee (assertive vs. non-assertive), resulting in a 2 X 2 X 2 between-subjects design. Results showed that assertive male negotiators received more economic and social backlash than female negotiators. Conclusions and implications are discussed.

Download or read book Gender Differences in Negotiation and Policy for Improvement written by Maria Recalde and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men more than women succeed when negotiating over labor-market outcomes, and gender differences in negotiation likely contribute to the gender wage gap and to horizontal and vertical segregation in the labor market. We review the evidence on the many initiatives that have been put in place to reduce the effect of gender differences in negotiation. Categorizing these as either 'fix-the-women' or 'fix-the-institutions' initiatives we find serious challenges to the former. Women do not appear to be broken and encouraging them to negotiate more and differently often backfires. The evidence suggests that 'fix-the-institution' initiatives are more effective in reducing gender differences in outcomes. Concerns of adverse effects of banning negotiations or salary history requests have not materialized, and preliminary evidence points to reductions in the gender differences in negotiation outcomes. The strongest evidence on effectiveness in narrowing gender disparities is found for policies that increase transparency. Numerous studies find that gender differences in negotiation diminish when it is clear what to expect from the negotiation and suggest that initiatives which improve transparency are likely to help equalize opportunities at the bargaining table.

Download or read book Negotiating on Behalf of Others written by Robert H. Mnookin and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 1999-10-11 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negotiating on Behalf of Others offers a framework for understanding the complexity and effects of negotiating on behalf of others and explores how current negotiation theory can be modified to account for negotiation agents. Negotiation agents are broadly defined to include legislators, diplomats, salespersons, sports agents, attorneys, and committee chairs—anyone who represents others in a negotiation. Five major negotiation arenas are examined in depth: labor-management relations, international diplomacy, sports agents, legislative process, and agency law. The book concludes with suggestions for future research and specific advice for practitioners. Chapter authors and commentators are leading figures in the field of negotiation. Negotiating on Behalf of Others is a must read for professional negotiators, graduate students, and scholars in the areas of business, public policy, law, international relations, sports, and economics. Negotiating on Behalf of Others is the result of the first of a series of seminars conducted by the faculty of the Program on Negotiation at Harvard on "complicating factors" in negotiations. The first of these complicating factors selected for study was the effect of the presence of an agent on the negotiating process.