Download or read book The Effects of Fiscal Decentralization on Health and Education Outcomes and Behaviors written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Does Fiscal Decentralization Improve Health Outcomes written by David A. Robalino and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decentralization of fiscal responsibilities has emerged as a primary objective on the agendas of national governments, and international organizations alike. Yet there is little empirical evidence on the potential benefits of this intervention. The authors fill in some quantitative evidence. Using panel data on infant mortality rates, GDP per capita, and the share of public expenditures managed by local governments, they find greater fiscal decentralization is consistently associated with lower mortality rates. The results suggest that the benefits of fiscal decentralization are particularly important for poor countries. They suggest also that the positive effects of fiscal decentralization on infant mortality, are greater in institutional environments that promote political rights. Fiscal decentralization also appears to be a mechanism for improving health outcomes in environments with a high level of ethno-linguistic fractionalization, however, the benefits from fiscal decentralization tend to be smaller.
Download or read book Does Fiscal Decentralization Improve Health Outcomes Evidence from a Cross Country Analysis written by David A. Robalino and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greater fiscal decentralization is consistently associated with lower mortality rates. And its positive effects on infant mortality are greater in institutional environments that promote political rights.Decentralization of fiscal responsibilities has emerged as a primary objective on the agendas of national governments and international organizations alike. Yet there is little empirical evidence on the potential benefits of this intervention. Robalino, Picazo, and Voetberg fill in some quantitative evidence.Using panel data on infant mortality rates, GDP per capita, and the share of public expenditures managed by local governments, they find that greater fiscal decentralization is consistently associated with lower mortality rates. The results suggest that the benefits of fiscal decentralization are particularly important for poor countries. They suggest also that the positive effects of fiscal decentralization on infant mortality are greater in institutional environments that promote political rights.Fiscal decentralization also appears to be a mechanism for improving health outcomes in environments with a high level of corruption. In environments with a high level of ethnolinguistic fractionalization, however, the benefits from fiscal decentralization tend to be smaller.This paper - a product of Human Development 1, Africa Technical Families - is part of a larger effort in the region to conduct rigorous analysis of the implications of fiscal decentralization on the financing and delivery of social services. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected]., or [email protected].
Download or read book Decentralization In Health Care Strategies And Outcomes written by Saltman, Richard and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the capacity and impact of decentralization within European health care systems, this book examines both the theoretical underpinnings as well as practical experience with decentralization.
Download or read book Essays on Education Decentralization written by Paula Salinas Peña and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differences in the division of education responsibilities between tiers of government and in the degree of autonomy the latter have to take decisions and raise their own revenues could imply differences in the level of efficiency with which these responsibilities are carried out. The aim of this study is, therefore, to analyze the effects of decentralization on the efficiency of educational policy, by examining the way in which different decentralization structures can have differential effects and by exploring the channels via which decentralization can affect educational outcomes. To achieve this, I first analyze the effects of a partial fiscal decentralization reform introduced in Spain at the beginning of the eighties, when educational responsibilities were devolved to regions that were not, however, granted any decision-making power for raising their own taxes. I believe that this study, reported in Chapter 2, makes a relevant contribution to the scarce empirical evidence gathered to date about the effects of decentralization on educational outcomes. First, this is the first study to analyze these effects in the context of a partial fiscal decentralization, which enables me to provide empirical evidence about one of the main points of debate in the fiscal federalism literature. Second, the way in which education policy has been decentralized in Spain, with a set of regions receiving educational powers at the beginning of the eighties and the remaining regions having to wait until the end of the nineties to receive the same powers, provides a unique benchmark against which to conduct a consistent identification of the effects of decentralization. Finally, I believe that the conclusions that can be drawn from this study are especially relevant at a time in which a process of recentralization of decision-making autonomy in the education sector in Spain is being undertaken. Second, I analyze the effects of decentralization on educational outcomes under different decentralization structures. That is, I analyze whether different degrees of subnational government autonomy, both on the expenditure and revenue sides, have the expected differential effects. The analysis in Chapter 3 contrasts with analyses reported in previous studies, since it draws on cross-national evidence to analyse the way in which different structures of expenditure and revenue decentralization have a differential impact on the efficiency of public education policies, a question hitherto unaddressed in this branch of literature. However, these studies tell us nothing about the process via which the educational outcomes might vary depending on whether a country operates a decentralized or a centralized system. In Chapter 4 I provide a number of insights into this question, by analyzing the role of teacher quality in a decentralization process, that is, how teacher quality might be affected by decentralization and the extent to which this effect explains the effects of decentralization on educational attainment. The relationship between decentralization and teacher quality has received little attention in the literature and, to the best of my knowledge, the study in chapter 4 is the first attempt to empirically analyze it. In addition to the empirical analysis, an effort has been made in Chapter 4 to summarize the arguments that underpin the relationship between decentralization and teacher quality. Finally, this is also the first study that seeks to analyze the process via which decentralization might affect educational attainment. The methodology used in this study to address this question, which decomposes the total effect of decentralization into a direct effect and an indirect effect via teacher quality has not been applied before in the economics of education empirical literature, which has always tended to focus on the estimation of reduced-form equations of educational attainment. Here, however, I estimate a structural model in which teacher quality variables are also considered endogenous variables. The three studies reveal that the effects of decentralization on the outcomes of the educational system are positive and, in line with theoretical prescriptions, that these effects depend on the autonomy of subnational governments and on the level of government awarded educational competences. Additionally, an important share of the overall effect of decentralization on educational outcomes is mediated through its effects on teacher quality.
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and the Efficiency of Public Service Delivery written by Moussé Sow and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of public service delivery. It uses a stochastic frontier method to estimate time-varying efficiency coefficients and analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization on those efficiency coefficients. The findings indicate that fiscal decentralization can improve the efficiency of public service delivery but only under specific conditions. First, the decentralization process requires adequate political and institutional environments. Second, a sufficient degree of expenditure decentralization seems necessary to obtain favorable outcomes. Third, decentralization of expenditure needs to be accompanied by sufficient decentralization of revenue. Absent those conditions, fiscal decentralization can worsen the efficiency of public service delivery.
Download or read book Modeling the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Health Outcomes written by Abay Asfaw and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization written by Peter Friedrich and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Poverty Reduction Outcomes Theory and Evidence written by Guevera Assamoi Yao and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, given the relatively high level of poverty in addition to the fact that most African countries are far behind in attaining their Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) targets, we investigate whether the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty will be greater in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) relative to other regions.
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization Intergovernmental Relations and Education Finance written by Alec Ian Gershberg and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Federalism 2014 Making Decentralisation Work written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and sub-central govenrment.
Download or read book Local Service Provision in Selected OECD Countries written by Ehtisham Ahmad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-03 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a widespread presumption that decentralization improves public service provision. This has led to policy prescriptions that are assiduously adhered to by countries and international. This paper reviews the recent evidence from OECD countries-which is seen to be inconclusive. This suggests the need for a careful design of programs that take into account the political economy constraints and incentives, as well as more systematic and thorough evaluations of outcomes.
Download or read book Decentralization of Education written by Ketleen Florestal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In practice, most education systems have both centralized and decentralized elements. Planners involved in a decentralizing reform must identify which components of the system are more appropriately managed at the central level and which at the local level. This book is intended to inform education policymakers, planners, and practitioners about international experience in the legal aspects of decentralizing basic education. It also provides a basic understanding of how laws and regulations can be used for education reform. For purposes of the discussion, decentralization is used to describe efforts to transfer decision making power in basic education from the administrative center of a country to authorities closer to users. The term is also used in a more technical sense to describe one of the many forms this type of reform can take, and in this sense it is contrasted with deconcentration and devolution as educational reforms. The first section examines the general legal aspects of decentralization, and the second looks more closely at decentralization laws and regulations. The third section is, in effect, a checklist of items that should be included in decentralization laws, and the fourth section provides a road map to help the planner prepare and implement the laws required for reform. Although an effort has been made to keep the discussion general enough for use in many countries, the analysis is based on the legal systems of the Western world or those that they inspired. (Contains 35 references.) (SLD)
Download or read book Is Decentralization Good for Development written by Jean-Paul Faguet and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is decentralisation good for development? This book explains when the answer is 'Yes' and when it is 'No'. It shows how decentralisation can be designed to drive development forward, and focuses on the institutional incentives that can strengthen democracy, boost economies, and improve public sector performance.
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization Improves Social Outcomes When Countries Have Good Governance written by Ryota Nakatani and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does fiscal decentralization improve health and educational outcomes? Does this improvement depend on the quality of governance? How do fiscal decentralization and governance interact? We answer these questions through an instrumental variable Tobit analysis of cross-country panel data. We find negative effects of fiscal decentralization on health outcomes, which however are more than offset by better governance. Education expenditure decentralization to subnational governments enhances educational outcomes. We conclude that countries can only reap the benefits from decentralization when the quality of their governance arrangements exceeds a certain threshold. We also find that sequencing and staging of decentralization matter. Countries should improve government effectiveness and control of corruption first to maximize benefits of fiscal decentralization.
Download or read book Crossing the Global Quality Chasm written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-27 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Local Finance in Developing Countries written by Roy Bahl and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws on experiences in developing countries to bridge the gap between the conventional textbook treatment of fiscal decentralization and the actual practice of subnational government finance. The extensive literature about the theory and practice is surveyed and longstanding problems and new questions are addressed. It focuses on the key choices that must be made in decentralizing, on how economic and political factors shape the choices that countries make, and on how, by paying more attention to the need for a more comprehensive approach and the critical connections between different components of decentralization reform, everyone involved might get more for their money.
