Download or read book The Effects of Economic Development on the Biological Standard of Living written by Thimothy Cuff and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hidden Cost of Economic Development written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-31 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the mid-nineteenth century, the American economy grew rapidly as industrialization began to take a firm hold on the nation, and per capita net national product increased significantly. Yet despite this economic bustle and increased affluence, signs of adversity associated with the structural changes from a primarily agricultural, to an industrial economy can be detected. As this book demonstrates, the onset of modern economic growth impinged upon the health and biological well-being of the men and women experiencing that rapid structural transformation. Using detailed statistical analysis of Civil War enlistment records, this book examines the relationship between economic change and changes in the biological standard of living. It argues that industrialization had hidden costs - even in the United States with its abundant resources. Population growth, urbanization and market integration all seem to have had a deleterious effect on the biological well-being of the population, which can be measured in biological statistics. Appealing to a wide circle of scholars, including historians, anthropologists and economists, this book introduces a new conceptualization of the standard of living, and explores social differences in welfare during the period considered. It shows that expansion of the market can be a two-edged sword in that it can increase incomes but simultaneously have an adverse effect on the health and nutritional status of the children living through those times. This conclusion is reached through close analysis of an extensive new data set obtained meticulously from the United States National Archive.
Download or read book The biological standard of living and the Antebellum Puzzle written by Susanne Schalch and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Economics - Micro-economics, grade: 1,7, LMU Munich (VWL Lehrstuhl), course: Strategic Factors in the Economic Development of the United States, language: English, abstract: Imagine someone came up to you and asked you: “name three aspects that in your opinion are of great significance to a high standard of living”, what would you say? What determines your perspective towards the standard of living? Do you give priority to income and wealth? To personal freedom? Or to health? With regard to our today’s society, where most products are being invented in order to make our lives more comfortable, it is interesting how the standard of living can be measured best. The most widely adopted measurement of the material standard of living is GDP per capita adjusted for changes in the price level, called inflation or deflation. Usually, one might guess that through a higher GDP per capita, the income and the personal wealth rises and therefore the standard of living also increases. This nevertheless does not reflect the distribution of income, or the environment that affects health and safety. Moreover, crime, pollution, and congestion – which are for many people negatively correlated with their quality of life – are neither considered. GDP per capita therefore just measures the material standard of living, but a lot of other factors are being ignored. That is the reason why the biological rather than the material standard of living should be contemplated in terms of “measuring” the quality of life. A second possibility to measure the standard of living is the HDI (Human Development Index). It consists of 1/3 GDP per capita, 1/3 life expectancy index, plus 1/3 education index. Here, the standard of living does not solely depend on material assets, but also on life expectancy which contains health and the environment and education. However, important factors for the wellbeing like the political system in the country or human rights are missing. For the first time in the 1970s, height was used as a measurement for the standard of living. At first this might seem strange, because one thinks that height depends above all on genes. This is certainly right, but we are not taking a look at the height of individuals but of whole populations.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology written by Dr. John Komlos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology provides an extensive and insightful overview of how economic conditions affect human well-being and how human health influences economic outcomes. Among the topics explored are how variations in height, whether over time, among different socio-economic groups, and in different locations, are important indicators of changes in economic growth and economic development, levels of economic inequality, and economic opportunities for individuals. The book covers a broad geographic range: Africa, Latin and North America, Asia, and Europe. Its temporal scope ranges from the late Iron Age to the present. Taking advantage of recent improvements in data and economic methods, the book also explores how humans' biological conditions influence and are influenced by their economic circumstances, including poverty. Among the issues addressed are how height, body mass index (BMI), and obesity can affect and are affected by productivity, wages, and wealth. How family environment affects health and well-being is examined, as is the importance of both pre-birth and early childhood conditions for subsequent economic outcomes. Reflecting this dynamic and expanding area of research, the volume shows that well-being is a salient aspect of economics, and the new toolkit of evidence from biological living standards enhances understanding of industrialization, commercialization, income distribution, the organization of health care, social status, and the redistributive state affect such human attributes as physical stature, weight, and the obesity epidemic in historical and contemporary populations.
Download or read book Stature Living Standards and Economic Development written by John Komlos and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1994-12-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can body measurements tell us about living standards in the past? In this collection of essays studying height and weight data from eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Europe, North America, and Asia, fourteen distinguished scholars explore the relation between physical size, economic development, and standard of living among various socioeconomic groups. Analyzing the differences in physical stature by social group, gender, age, provenance, and date and place of birth, these essays illuminate urban and rural differences in well-being, explore the effects of market integration on previously agricultural societies, contrast the experiences of several segments of society, and explain the proximate causes of downturns and upswings in well-being. Particularly intriguing is the researchers' conclusion that the environment of the New World during this period was far more propitious than that of Europe, based on data showing that European aristocrats were in worse health than even the poorest members of American society.
Download or read book World Development Indicators 2012 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 800 indicators for more than 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 90 tables.
Download or read book The Biological Standard Of Living On Three Continents written by John Komlos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effort of anthropometric historians to unearth the broad patterns of human biological well-being has led to the examination of nearly forgotten, centuries-old records from dusty archives in practically all the continents of the globe. French historians in the Annales tradition were among the first to adopt methods from physical anthropology and from the biological sciences, but the real expansion of the field dates from the pathbreaking work of Richard Steckel and Robert Fogel, which launched the discipline of anthropometric history on American soil Research has confirmed that physical stature is related to nutritional status and therefore to real family income, and thus to the general standard of living. Historians and development economists will find this line of research useful, as it informs us about the standard of living of members of society for whom data on wages are seldom available—women, children, aristocrats, farmers, and slaves. In addition, this research has shown that the biological standard of living may diverge from conventional indicators of welfare during the early stages of industrialization. Thus, per capita income is an ambiguous measure of welfare during some phases of growth, and it must be supplemented with data from other indicators, such as physical stature. The essays in this volume broaden our knowledge of the human effects of the momentous economic changes of the last two centuries, extending analysis to regions for which such information has been lacking, including Russia, Canada, Indonesia, Italy, and Spain.
Download or read book Health and Welfare during Industrialization written by Richard H. Steckel and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this unique anthology, Steckel and Floud coordinate ten essays that bring a new perspective to inquiry about standard of living in modern times. These papers are arranged for international comparison, and they individually examine evidence of health and welfare during and after industrialization in eight countries: the United States, Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Japan, and Australia. The essays incorporate several indicators of quality of life, especially real per capita income and health, but also real wages, education, and inequality. And while the authors use traditional measures of health such as life expectancy and mortality rates, this volume stands alone in its extensive use of new "anthropometric" data—information about height, weight and body mass index that indicates changes in nations' well-being. Consequently, Health and Welfare during Industrialization signals a new direction in economic history, a broader and more thorough understanding of what constitutes standard of living.
Download or read book The Biological and Social Determinants of the Demographic Transition written by Héctor Correa and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Money Culture and Well Being in Rome s Economic Development 0 275 CE written by Daniel Hoyer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roman Empire has long held pride of place in the collective memory of scholars, politicians, and the general public in the western world. In Money, Culture, and Well-Being in Rome's Economic Development, 0-275 CE, Daniel Hoyer offers a new approach to explain Rome's remarkable development. Hoyer surveys a broad selection of material to see how this diverse body of evidence can be reconciled to produce a single, coherent picture of the Roman economy. Engaging with social scientific and economic theory, Hoyer highlights key issues in economic history, placing the Roman Empire in its rightful place as a special—but not wholly unique—example of a successful preindustrial state.
Download or read book The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth written by Benjamin M. Friedman and published by Alfred A. Knopf. This book was released on 2005 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: See:
Download or read book The Changing Body written by Roderick Floud and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans have become much taller and heavier, and experience healthier and longer lives than ever before in human history. However it is only recently that historians, economists, human biologists and demographers have linked the changing size, shape and capability of the human body to economic and demographic change. This fascinating and groundbreaking book presents an accessible introduction to the field of anthropometric history, surveying the causes and consequences of changes in health and mortality, diet and the disease environment in Europe and the United States since 1700. It examines how we define and measure health and nutrition as well as key issues such as whether increased longevity contributes to greater productivity or, instead, imposes burdens on society through the higher costs of healthcare and pensions. The result is a major contribution to economic and social history with important implications for today's developing world and the health trends of the future.
Download or read book Economic Development an Ecological Approach written by John Mathew Culbertson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph in economic theory on the ecological aspects of economic development - comprises a critical discussion of the present day economic growth, attempts a realistic interpretation of the relation of population growth, environmental destruction, political system, religion and education to the standard of living, and investigations aspects of trade, foreign investment and economic aid. References.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book The Biological Standard of Living in Comparative Perspective written by John Komlos and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 1998 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhalt: Part I: The Americas, Asia and Australia: Mit Beitr�gen von: Stephen L. Morgan; Stephen Nicholas / Robert Gregory / Sue Kimberley; Henk-Jan Brinkman / J.W. Drukker; Ricardo Salvatore / J�rg Baten; Ricardo D. Salvatore; Insong Gill; Richard H. Steckel / Paul W. Sciulli / Jerome C. Rose; Michael R. Haines; Philip R. P. Coelho / Robert A. McGuire; Lee A. Craig / Thomas Weiss; Timothy Cuff; John Komlos; Brian A'Hearn; Barry Bogin / Ryan Keep; Markus Heintel; W. Peter Ward Part II: Europe: Mit Beitr�gen von: Edwin Horlings / Jan-Pieter Smits; Jos� M. Martinez Carri�n / Juan J. Perez Castej�n; Gloria Quiroga Valle; Sebasti�n Coll; Lydia Sapounaki-Dracaki; Bernard Harris; Markus Heintel / Lars G. Sandberg / Richard H. Steckel; Joaquim da Costa Leite; Jesper L. Boldsen / Jes S�gaard; Holle Greil; Sally Horrocks / David Smith; Philip T. Hoffman - Joerg Baten / John Komlos: Conclusion "Die mit umfangreichen Literaturverweisen bereicherten Beitr�ge bieten ueberraschend konkrete Einblicke in die Sozialstruktur der verschiedensten Bev�lkerungsgruppen und ihre Lebensbedingungen." Das Historisch-Politische Buch .
Download or read book Beyond Economic Growth written by Tatyana P. Soubbotina and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book, which draws on data published by the World Bank, is addressed to teachers, students, and all those interested in exploring issues of global development.
Download or read book The 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey NMIHS written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This publication reports the results of three meetings held to plan the 1988 National Material and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS). The purposes of the meetings were: to layout methodological and policy issues which will affect the 1988 NMIHS; to examine the relationship of the 1988 NMIHS to other National Center for Health Statistics surveys; and to review contracting mechanisms ann funding sources annd alternatives.
