Download or read book The Effect of Washed Fly Ash as a Filler in Polymeric Materials on Their Physical and Mechanical Properties written by David Velado Renard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Filler Content on the Mechanical Properties of High density Polyethylene HDPE written by Ebuka Udeaja and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Engineering - General, Basics, grade: N/A, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, language: English, abstract: In this study, the effect of various fillers (oyster shell, periwinkle shell, okpa membrane, and cashew membrane) on the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are investigated. The physical and mechanical properties of natural filler composites largely depend on the type of matrix, content and properties of the reinforcement fillers and filler-matrix interaction. Better dispersion of the filler can be achieved by effective mixing of the components and a proper compounding process. It has been reported that by adding filler in the polymer material, the mechanical properties of the composite such as the strength can be further enhanced. However, it had also been mentioned that the strength of the composites decreased when the filler content exceeded a critical value. One of the main concerns for the use of natural fiber or filler reinforced composite materials is their susceptibility to moisture absorption and the effect on physical, mechanical and thermal properties. All polymer composites absorb moisture in humid atmosphere and when immersed in water. The effect of absorption of moisture leads to the degradation of filler matrix interface region by creating poor stress transfer efficiencies resulting in a reduction of mechanical properties.
Download or read book Effect of Fly Ash on the Physical Properties of Illite Based Ceramics written by Tomáš Húlan and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book investigates the potential use of fly ash as a secondary raw material. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the admixture of power plant fly ash from lignite combustion on the properties of ceramic bodies in the building industry. Keywords: Illite-Based Ceramics, Power Plant Fly Ash, Drying Process, Particle Size, Particle Morphology, Heavy Metals, Mineral Compositions, Microstructure, Differential Thermal Analysis, XRD Analysis, Bulk Density, Water Absorption, Porosity, Pore Distribution, Thermal Diffusivity, Internal Friction, Hardness, Mechanical Strength, Flexural Strength.
Download or read book Effect of Fly Ash on the Physical Properties of Illite Based Ceramics written by Tomáš Húlan and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book investigates the potential use of fly ash as a secondary raw material. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the admixture of power plant fly ash from lignite combustion on the properties of ceramic bodies in the building industry. Keywords: Illite-Based Ceramics, Power Plant Fly Ash, Drying Process, Particle Size, Particle Morphology, Heavy Metals, Mineral Compositions, Microstructure, Differential Thermal Analysis, XRD Analysis, Bulk Density, Water Absorption, Porosity, Pore Distribution, Thermal Diffusivity, Internal Friction, Hardness, Mechanical Strength, Flexural Strength.
Download or read book Particulate Fillers for Polymers written by R. N. Rothon and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an overview of particulate filler production and use. Each filler type has different properties and these in turn are influenced by the particle size, shape and surface chemistry. Filler characteristics are discussed from costs to particle morphology. Practical aspects of filler grading are described and the principal filler types are outlined. Filler surface modification is an important topic. The main types of modifying agent and their uses are described, from fatty acids to functionalised polymers. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Download or read book Handbook of Fly Ash written by Kamal K. Kar and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2021-11-07 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drive to develop more sustainable materials has made fly ash a valuable raw material in many different applications. Comprehensive and authoritative, Handbook of Fly Ash highlights the latest research efforts to develop the properties of fly ash to maximum utility while safeguarding the environment. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the research into the classification and compositions of various types of fly ash, such as bottom ash and boiler slag, special classes of fly ash, and their sources around the globe. This is followed by a discussion of fly ash-reinforced composites, such as elastomer-based composites and metal matrix composites. This book also covers a wide range of applications of fly ash in cement, concrete, bricks and blocks, road construction, wastewater treatment, and scrubber sludge solidification. Highlights the recent developments in the utilization of fly ash including its preparation, functionalization, properties, and handling. Places a focus on a wide variety of fly ash applications including recent innovations, such as alkali-activated binder, polypropylene composite, and geopolymer concrete. Includes comprehensive coverage of the characteristics of fly ash with a particular focus on health hazards if it is not properly disposed. Discusses fly ash-reinforced composites, such as polymer/elastomer-based composites and metal matrix composites.
Download or read book Alkali Activated Fly Ash written by Kushal Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers relevant synthesizing parameters, their interactions, and advantages of blending fly ash and blast furnace slag as source material, their relationship with mechanical properties and microstructure including guidelines to produce an optimal mix proportion. Further, it discusses related durability aspects, mechanical properties and reaction products and their inter-relationship. It explains phase characterization with XRD/SEM, change in the bond formulations with FTIR, FESEM and EDAX analysis. A mix design guideline based on empirical statistical concept has been put forward for professionals to manufacture customized activated fly ash composites in presence of slag. Aimed at graduate/senior undergraduate students, researchers in civil engineering, construction engineering, ceramics, material sciences, this book: Covers mechanical and microstructural properties, curing, durability of blended Alkali- activated composites with fly ash and blast furnace slag. Proposes a guideline for mix design on chemical compositions of ingredients, relationship of synthesizing parameters, workability, target strength. Describes sustainable green material manufacturing methodologies. Discusses issues like microstructural properties and reaction mechanism. Explores related modern experimental techniques like XRD, FTIR, MIP and so forth.
Download or read book Mechanical Characteristics of Organically Modified Fly Ash kaolinite Mixtures written by Xin Kang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fly ash is a hazardous waste material to the environment. Beneficial reuse of fly ash, however, brings economic and environmental benefits, i.e., decreases the cost of disposal, reduces greenhouse gas emission, and improves mechanical properties of construction materials. Due to the lack of pozzolanic properties, the reuse rate of Class F fly ash in geotechnical engineering is relatively low (ACAA 2013). In order to promote the effectiveness and sustainability of high volume reuse of class F fly ash in geotechnical engineering, biopolymers (Chitosan, and Xanthan gum) and synthetic polymers (Polyethylene Oxide, PEO) were used instead of the traditional stabilizers to improve the engineering behaviors of fly ash-kaolinite mixtures. The effects of polymers on microstructure development and geotechnical properties (i.e., stiffness, stiffness anisotropy and strength) of fly ash-kaolinite mixtures were measured in the laboratory. Shear wave velocity (V[subscript s]) and V[subscript s] anisotropy of organically modified fly ash-kaolinite mixtures were investigated by a self-developed floating wall-type consolidometer bender element testing system. Vs results showed that PEO and chitosan increased Vs of the fly ash-kaolinite mixtures, while xanthan gum decreased V[subscript s]. V[subscript s] anisotropy of the fly ash-kaolinite mixtures was decreased by the addition of polymers. Critical-state friction angles of fly ash-kaolinite mixtures increased with the addition of PEO and chitosan, while decreased with xanthan gum. Polymer bridging and columbic interactions, and the subsequent changes in size and fabric of kaolinite are the major influencing mechanisms. Physicochemical effects and the fly ash ratio also contributed to the observed changes"--Abstract, page iii.
Download or read book Updating Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Fly Ash for Use in Concrete written by Prasanth Tanikella and published by . This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When incorporated in concrete mixtures, fly ashes are known to influence both its fresh and hardened properties. An accurate and quick technique to predict the extent of this influence based on the characteristics of fly ash would be highly beneficial in terms of field applications. The current study was an attempt to quantify the effects of fly ashes on the properties of pastes as a function of: (a) the mean particle size of the fly ash particles, (b) their fineness and (c) their chemical composition. In addition, since the type and the amount of glass present in the fly ash significantly affect its reactivity, this property was also included in the investigation.Twenty different fly ashes (both, ASTM Class C and Class F), obtained from power plants in and around Indiana, were characterized during the Phase 1 of the study. The information collected included: physical characteristics, chemical composition and the amount and type of glass present. Phase 2 of the study consisted of evaluation of various properties of binary paste systems (portland cement with 20% of cement of fly replacement). The evaluated properties included: the set time, the heat of hydration, the strength activity index, the non-evaporable water content and the amount of calcium hydroxide formed at different ages.These results obtained from both phases of the study were used to build statistical models for prediction of previously evaluated properties for any hypothetical fly ash with similar characteristics. The models included only the most significant variables, i.e., those which were found to most strongly affect any specific property. The variables to be included in the model were selected based on the adjusted R2 values.As a result of the modeling process, it was found that the sets of statistically significant variables affecting the properties consisted of both physical and chemical characteristics of the fly ash and that the combination of these variables was unique for each property evaluated.
Download or read book Use Of Fly Ash As Eco Friendly Filler In Synthetic Rubber For Tire Applications written by Xianjie Ren and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the relationship between an eco-friendly filler, fly ash, and the properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) - based compounds was investigated. Rubber compounds were produced by internal mixer and curing characteristics were evaluated. The total content of filler was constant and the content of fly ash increased from 0 to 10 phr. In the evaluation of the rubber compounds, the main focus was the mechanical properties and adhesion of the SBR compounds. Adhesion between these compounds and steel wire reinforcement was measured for assessing efficacy of adding fly ash to the rubber compounds in tire applications. There were two stages of this program: the first stage involved selecting the filler which could improve the mechanical properties (elongation at break, tensile strength, modulus at 100% strain and 2% strain level) of rubber compounds; the next stage involved combining precipitated silica with fly ash to improve the properties of rubber compounds. In order to gain better properties, ball mill treatment was used to change the morphology of the particles of fly ash by reduction to smaller size. The comparisons of untreated rubber compounds, ball mill treated rubber compounds, and rubber compounds containing different fillers were accomplished subsequently. In the result, the rubber compounds contained precipitated silica, carbon black and fly ash filler exhibited higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and adhesion and attributed to effective filler dispersion as well as the reinforcing effect of silica. These conclusions were supported by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and swelling tests.
Download or read book Particulate Fillers for Polymers written by Roger N. Rothon and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an overview of particulate filler production and use. Fillers are used in polymers for a variety of reasons: cost reduction, improved processing, density control, optical effects, thermal conductivity, control of thermal expansion, electrical properties, magnetic properties, flame retardancy and improved mechanical properties, such as hardness and tear resistance. For example, in cable applications, fillers such as metakaolinite are used to provide better electrical stability while others, such as alumina trihydrate, are used as fire retardants. Each filler type has different properties and these in turn are influenced by the particle size, shape and surface chemistry. Filler characteristics are discussed from costs to particle morphology. Particle specific surface area and packing are important aspects. Filler loading is also critical and this is discussed. The terminology used in this field is explained and, where appropriate, illustrated. Practical aspects of filler grading are described. For example, the use of an average particle size on data sheets can be misleading as it may not accurately reflect particle size distribution. Different measuring conditions can also give rise to variations in apparent particle size. The principal filler types are outlined. These include carbon black, natural mineral fillers and synthetic mineral fillers. The use of clay in nanocomposites is outlined. Carbon blacks are very important fillers, especially in the rubber industry. A brief description of their preparation and properties is included. Filler surface modification is an important topic. Most particulate fillers are inorganic and polar, which can give rise to poor compatibility with hydrocarbon polymers and processing problems, among other effects. The main types of modifying agent and their uses are described, from fatty acids to functionalised polymers. Fillers are also discussed in relation to different polymer types. For example, in flexible PVC, because of the plasticiser, the filler has little effect on processing. This allows relatively high filler levels to be incorporated. This review is very clearly written by an outstanding expert in this field. Illustrations are included to explain concepts from microscopic filler structure to the effects of fillers on polymer properties. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts compiled from the Polymer Library, to facilitate further reading on this subject. Key featuresOC; Filler structure; Filler types; Filler uses; Filler effects on polymer properties; Clearly written; Useful illustrations. Save 20% when you buy 2 or more titles in the Rapra Review Report Series (Volume 9 onwards). Just enter promotional code RRR20 when you get to the shopping cart. Please click here to see the full list of reports available."
Download or read book Metakaolin and Fly Ash as Mineral Admixtures for Concrete written by Leonid Dvorkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with modern theoretical concepts related to the impact of fly ash and metakaolin admixtures on structure formation processes of concrete. Results of the effect of fly ash, metakaolin and their composition on properties of self-compacting and self-leveling concrete are presented. Based on mathematical models, obtained using mathematical experiments planning methodology, the impact of the main factors and their combination on workability, strength and other properties that determine efficiency and durability of concrete are analyzed. Using calculated dependencies, a methodology for designing optimal compositions of concrete containing active mineral admixtures and superplasticizers is proposed. Features of industrial production of concrete for the proposed compositions are discussed. The book is intended for specialists working in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products and elements. It can also be used by construction engineers to design compositions of cost-effective self-compacting and self-leveling concrete as well as to determine the rational direction of using technogenic raw materials like ash and metakaolin.
Download or read book Properties and Use of Coal Fly Ash written by Lindon K.A. Sear and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws together a large quantity of research that has been carried out on pulverised fuel ash (PFA) over the past 30 years.In addition to covering the potential uses of PFA it provides an overview of the benefits of use.
Download or read book Sustainable Construction Materials written by Ravindra K. Dhir OBE and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the fourth, in the series of five, on sustainable construction materials and like the previous three, it is also different to the norm. Its uniqueness lies in using the newly developed, Analytical Systemisation Method, in building the data-matrix sourced from 751 publications, contributed by 1402 authors from 513 institutions in 51 countries, from 1970 to 2017, on the subject of processed waste glass (glass cullet) as a construction material, and systematically analysing, evaluating and modelling this information for use of glass cullet as cement, aggregate or filler in concrete, ceramics, geotechnics and road pavement applications. Environmental issues, case studies and standards are also discussed. The work establishes what is already known and can be used to further progress the use of sustainable construction materials. It can also help to avoid repetitive research and save valuable resources. The book is structured in an incisive and easy to digest manner and is particularly suited for researchers, academics, design engineers, specifiers, contractors, and government bodies dealing with construction works. Provides an extensive source of valuable database information, supported by an exhaustive list of globally-based published literature over the last 40-50 years Offer an analysis, evaluation, repackaging and modeling of existing knowledge on sustainable construction practices Provides a wealth of knowledge for use in many sectors relating to the construction profession
Download or read book Materials for Architects and Builders written by Arthur R. Lyons and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bricks and brickwork -- Blocks and blockwork -- Lime, cement and concrete -- Timber and timber products -- Ferrous and non-ferrous metals -- Bitumen and flat roofing materials -- Glass -- Ceramic materials -- Stone and cast stone -- Plastics -- Glass-fibre reinforced plastics, cement and gypsum -- Plaster and board materials -- Insulating materials -- Energy-saving materials and components -- Recycled and ecological materials -- Sealants, gaskets and adhesives -- Paints, wood stains, varnishes and colour.
Download or read book Engineered Materials Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-10 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
