Download or read book The Effect of Protein Supplementation on Performance of Growing Ruminants Grazing Wheat Pasture written by Mary Elizabeth Smith and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Protein Supplementation on Performance of Beef Cattle Grazing Native Mixedgrass Range in Western Kansas written by Carson McMullen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cattle consuming low-protein forage (7% CP) require additional supplemental protein to maintain BW and BCS. Daily delivery of protein supplements places undue financial burden on cattle producers. Supplementing cows as infrequently as once every 6 d) has resulted in similar changes cow BW and BCS when compared to daily supplementation. As calving season nears, producers may wish to increase supplementation frequency. The responses to a change in supplementation frequency during the third trimester of gestation have not been widely investigated. Therefore, our objective in Study 1 was to evaluate the effect of altering supplementation frequency during late gestation on performance of spring-calving cows grazing low-quality, dormant native range and supplemented with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDG). Angus x cows (n = 238; mean age = 6 ± 2.5 yr; average initial BW = 618 ± 56.2 kg; average initial BCS = 5.7 ± 0.03) were stratified by age, BW, BCS, and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) DDG daily (D1); 2) DDG once every 6 d (D6); 3) DDG daily from d 1 to d 60 and then every 6 d (D1-D6); 4) DDG every 6 d from d 1 to d 60 and then daily (D6-D1). Treatments were initiated 100 d prior to expected onset of calving. Cow BW and BCS were measured every 28 d. Cows were sorted daily before supplementation at 0830 h. Supplement delivery was calculated to meet dietary CP requirements. Increasing supplementation frequency 28 d prepartum negatively affected final BW and BW change from d 61-88 for the D6-D1 supplementation group (P 0.05) compared to other supplementation groups. Cow BW change for the study (d 1-88) was also less (P

Download or read book Evaluation of Crude Protein Supplementation to Beef Cattle Grazing Late Growing Season Native Range written by Landon Garrett Canterbury and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments evaluated the effects of altering dietary protein on beef cattle performance and nutrient excretion. In the first study, concurrent experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of protein supplementation to beef cattle grazing warm-season shortgrass forage during the late growing season. For all Exp., treatments consisted of a supplemented group (1.32 kg of a 39% CP fed 3 times a week) and a non-supplemented control group. In Exp. 1, cow final BW (P = 0.24) and ADG (P = 0.38) were not affected by treatment. There was no difference (P = 0.97) in cow final BCS regardless of treatment. Calf ADG (P = 0.54) and weaning weight (P = 0.45) were not affected by treatment. In Exp. 2, cow final BW (P = 0.39) and final BCS (P = 0.81) did not differ between treatments. Cow ADG (P = 0.07) tended to be greater when supplemented with 0.22 kg CP per day. Calf ADG (P = 0.50) and weaning weight (P = 0.11) did not differ between treatments. In Exp. 3, heifer final BW (P = 0.17) was not different between treatments. Heifer ADG (P = 0.02) was greater for supplemented heifers. Supplementing protein to cattle grazing late season medium quality forage is advantageous for increasing ADG in replacement heifers and potentially beneficial to improve condition in lactating primiparous cows. In a separate study, a commercially available condensed tannin (CT) extract (ByPro; Silva Team, Ontario, CA) was included in a cereal grain-based diet at 3 levels (0, 1, or 2% of diet, DM basis). No group by treatment interactions was detected (P ≥ 0.18) among the response variables. Provision of CT did not affect (P ≥ 0.64) DM intake or apparent total-tract DM digestion. Nitrogen intake was not affected (P = 0.58) by inclusion of CT in the diet, but fecal N output increased (P = 0.04) at 2% CT inclusion compared with control. However, there was no difference (P = 0.36) in urine N output among treatments. Nitrogen retention was less than (P = 0.03) with 2% CT than 0 or 1% CT. Proportion of total N excreted in urine decreased (P = 0.03) with CT supplementation at 1 or 2% in the diet. Similarly the proportion of total N excreted in feces increased (P = 0.03) with 1 or 2% CT inclusion. Site of N excretion was shifted away from urine and toward feces when CT was included in a complete diet fed to beef cattle.

Download or read book Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the PrefaceThe objective of this book is to review the basic knowledge and methodology of feeding grazing ruminants in tropical and semitropical countries. It is hoped this information will be of use to farmers, research specialists, teachers, students, extension specialists, feed manufacturers, and others throughout the world concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. A unique feature is the identification of nutritional limitations of grazing ruminants in the tropics, which will be beneficial for increasing animal production efficiency through the application of improved nutrition. A large number of photographs illustrate nutritional deficiencies and conditions in tropical countries.This book contains 18 chapters concerned with the nutrition of grazing ruminants. The first chapter deals with the contributions, locations, and various types of ruminants and their importance to human welfare in the tropics and subtropics. Chapters 2 - 4 progress through nutrient requirements of grazing ruminants in warm climates, the effects of tropical heat on these requirements, and water requirements for ruminant species. Chapters 5 - 7 discuss grass and legume forage species suitable for tropical regions, pasture management procedures, and energy-protein supplementation programs needed during the extensive dry periods. The importance of tropical forages and soils toward meeting mineral requirements is discussed in Chapter 8. Chapters 9 -14 contain concise, up-to-date summaries of minerals emphasizing mineral status, incidence of mineral deficiencies and excesses in tropical regions, and benefits and methods of mineral supplementation for grazing ruminants are discussed in Chapters 15 - 17. Chapter 18 reviews vitamin nutrition considerations for ruminants consuming tropical forages.

Download or read book Effect of Protein Supplementation on Performance Water Intake and Travel of Beef Cattle Grazing Semidesert Rangeland in Southcentral New Mexico written by Robert Rabih Rouda and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Wheat Middling Supplementation on Metabolizable Protein of Heifers Grazing Winter Wheat Pasture written by Fathi M. Amraga and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated, Angus-crossbred heifers (272 ± 19.2 kg) grazing winter wheat pasture (WWP) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate effects of wheat middling (WM; offered at 0.4% of BW; as-fed basis) supplementation on metabolizable protein. The experiment was conducted from April 5 through April 19, 2013. Heifers grazed in a single WWP with supplements offered individually, once daily at 0700 h. Forage DM, total OM, NDF intake, and OM intake expressed as g/kg of BW were not affected (P [greater than or equal to] 0.11) by WM supplementation, and total CP intake (P = 0.03) increased with WM supplementation. Supplementation of WM increased the flow of OM, and CP (P [less than or equal to] 0.04) to the small intestine, but not the flow of NDF (P = 0.40). Feed protein flowing to the small intestine was not affected (P = 0.26) and microbial protein tended to increase (P = 0.10) with WM supplementation. Total tract OM, CP, and NDF digestibility were not affected (P [greater than or equal to] 0.13) by WM supplementation. Ruminal pH decreased and total VFA production increased (P = 0.01) with WM supplementation. Ruminal ammonia (P = 0.65), molar proportion of VFA (P [greater than or equal to] 0.11), and acetate to propionate ratio were not affected (P - 0.25) by WM supplementation. Supplementation of WM to cattle grazing WWP improves metabolizable protein by increasing microbial protein synthesis.

Download or read book Protein Supplementation of Ammoniated Wheat Straw written by Gary D. Fike and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Livestock Production and Climate Change written by Pradeep K Malik and published by CABI. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a changing climate, livestock production is expected to exhibit dual roles of mitigation and adaptation in order to meet the challenge of food security. This book approaches the issues of livestock production and climate change through three sections: I. Livestock production, II. Climate change and, III. Enteric methane amelioration. Section I addresses issues of feed quality and availability, abiotic stress (heat and nutritional) and strategies for alleviation, livestock generated nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, and approaches for harnessing the complex gut microbial diversity. Section II discusses the effects of climate change on livestock diversity, farm animal reproduction, impact of meat production on climate change, and emphasising the role of indigenous livestock in climatic change to sustain production. Section III deals with the most recent approaches to amelioration of livestock methane such as breeding for low methane emissions, reductive acetogenesis, immunization/vaccine-based concepts and archaea phage therapy.

Download or read book Influence of Low level Fall Protein Supplementation on Performance and Forage Utilization by Beef Cattle Grazing Tallgrass Prairie written by Donald Albert Llewellyn and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Protein Supplementation Increases Gains by Calves Grazing Growing Pastures written by Marilyn Brown and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Fishmeal Supplementation on Metabolizable Protein of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Wheat Pasutre written by Jorge A. Rodela and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated, angus-crossbred cows (665 ± 20.6 kg) grazing winter wheat pasture (WWP) were used in a complete randomized design to evaluate the effects of fish meal (FM) supplementation on forage intake, characteristics of digestion and metabolizable protein of cattle grazing WWP. The experiment was conducted from March 7 through March 19, 2016. Treatments consisted of cows grazing in a single pasture and supplemented with FM to provide: control, no RUP supplement (CON), or FM supplemented at a level calculated to supply 10% of the forage CP intake as RUP (FM). Supplemental FM was placed directly into the rumen cannula once daily at 0700 h. Forage DM, NDF, CP, total OM intake, OM intake expressed as g/kg of BW were not affected (P ≥ 0.44) by FM supplementation. Also, supplemental FM had no effects on microbial protein efficiency (P = 0.34), microbial protein synthesis (P = 0.70), feed protein bypassing rumen fermentation (P = 0.72), or total CP flowing to duodenum (P = 0.07). Moreover, true ruminal, or total tract digestibility of OM, NDF, and CP were not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by FM supplementation. Ruminal pH (6.37, and 6.43 ± 0.09 for CON and FM, respectively), total VFA production (50.2, and 49.7 ± 0.1.74 mM for CON and FM, respectively), acetate (74.4, and 74.6 ± 0.77 mol/100 mol for CON and FM, respectively), propionate (16.7, and 16.1 ± 0.62 mol/100 mol for CON and FM, respectively) and acetate/propionate ratio (4.49 and 4.69 ± 0.22 for CON and FM, respectively) were not affected by FM supplementation (P ≥ 0.49). Although FM supplementation did not decrease forage intake, it failed to improve MP of cows grazing WWP. The results indicate that improvements in performance of cattle grazing WWP should not be expected with supplementing FM at the level supplemented in this experiment

Download or read book Effects of Protein Supplementation and Forage Quality on Intake and Digestion in Cattle written by Jamie Kunkel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many pasture and rangeland scenarios, low-quality forages (6-8% CP) are the primary energy source for some portion of the year. At these times, energy is typically the first limiting nutrient to the ruminant. Low-quality forages are generally not limited in availability; however, the high cell wall content and reduced levels of CP prevent ruminants from being able to extract the harvested energy. Without provision of supplemental nutrients, the available energy may be inadequate to meet performance expectations. Protein supplementation during periods of inadequate forage quality has been observed to alleviate ruminal nitrogen deficiencies and increase forage utilization. Increased forage utilization translates into greater energy extraction allowing for increased animal performance. The first trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of utilizing non-protein nitrogen (a slow-release urea compared to urea) on intake and digestion of beef steers consuming low-quality bermudagrass hay. Steers were provided ad libitum access to a low-quality bermudagrass hay (7.3 % CP and were ruminally dosed once daily with either urea or slow-release urea (SRU) at levels to provide 0, 64, 128, or 192 mg of N/kg of initial BW per day. Additionally, steers were supplemented with glycerol at levels of 0 or 0.1% of initial BW per day. Total OMI and forage OMI (FOMI) increased quadratically (P

Download or read book Effects of Monensin Supplementation and Wheat Pasture Maturity on Forage Intake and Digestion Characteristics of Cows Grazing Winter Wheat Pasture written by Ulises A. Sanchez-Sandoval and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight Angus cross-bred cows (669 ± 23.2 kg of BW) fitted with duodenal and ruminal cannulas grazing winter wheat pasture (WWP) were used in a split-plot design to evaluate the effects of monensin supplementation and WWP stage of maturity on forage intake, digestive function, metabolizable protein, and ruminal fermentation. Supplemental treatment was the main plot, and stage of maturity was the subplot. Two levels of monensin supplementation: 1) Control (CON; 1.0 kgcow−1d−1 of wheat middling only), and 2) monensin (MON; CON plus 200 mg of monensin); and two stages of WWP maturity: 2) mid-March (MAR; March 13 to March 26; vegetative stage), and 2) early April) (APR; March 27 to April 8; heading stage) of 2017 were compared in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Cows grazed in a single wheat pasture with supplements deposited directly into their rumens through their rumen cannula at 0700 daily. Monensin supplementation did not affect forage intake (P = 0.64), nutrient flow to duodenum (P ≥ 0.47) or total tract digestion expressed as kg/d (P > 0.45). Although, OM and CP flowing to the duodenum were not affected by monensin supplementation (P ≥ 0.53), microbial OM and microbial CP decreased (P = 0.03) with monensin supplementation. As stage of maturity of WWP advanced, forage intake (P = 0.02), ruminal digestibility of DM and OM (P ≤ 0.05) and total tract digestion expressed as kg/d (P = 0.01) decreased. Also, total duodenal CP (P = 0.01), microbial protein (P = 0.01), and feed protein (bypass protein; P = 0.03) flow decreased with advancing WWP stage of maturity. Monensin supplementation increased (P = 0.01) propionate (18.38, and 20.79 ± 0.55 mol/100 mol), and decreased (P = 0.01) the acetate: propionate ratio (3.26, and 2.73 ± 0.13). Ruminal pH (6.03 and 6.31 ± 0.08), acetate (54.6 and 58.3 ± 0.98 mol/100 mol), and acetate propionate ratio (2.52, and 3.48 ± 0.13) increased (P ≤ 0.04), and propionate (21.9, and 17.3 ± 0.56 mol/100 mol) decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with advancing WWP stage of maturity. Results suggest that monensin increases propionate without affecting forage intake, digestibility or metabolizable protein of cattle grazing WWP. Key words: metabolizable protein, microbial synthesis, monensin, winter wheat pasture

Download or read book Morning Vs Afternoon Protein Supplementation of Steers Grazing Dormant Wheatgrass Pasture in Western Nevada written by Roxane Kay Barton and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Rumen Degradable Protein in Concentrate on Cow Performance with Two Grazing Strategies in 2016 and 2017 written by Ronald Zom and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two grazing experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of 1. Compartmented continuous grazing 2. Strip grazing and 3. Protein supplementation strategy (Low and High rumen degradable protein (RDP) and high RDP plus additional metabolisable protein) on pasture intake, milk and milk solids yield in spring calving dairy cows. Neither grazing system nor protein supplementation strategy influenced pasture dry matter intake. However, high RDP resulted in higher milk yield and milk protein outputs. Additional high RDP plus additional metabolisable protein did not result in further improvement of milk performance. High RDP and high RDP plus additional metabolisable protein resulted in reduced nitrogen use efficiency. Despite similar diet compositions in both experiments, there were large differences in rumen NH3 and apparent OMD between experiments, suggesting strong year to year effects in rumen fermentation and rumen digestion which were not reflected in the feeding values.

Download or read book Pasture and Supplements for Grazing Animals written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An up-to-date review of the pasture and supplementary feed resources available to the New Zealand pastoral livestock industry, and the energy and protein requirements of these livestock. The interactions between animals and their feed resources ultimately determine both the quantity and quality of the feed consumed and thus the level of animal production. An understanding of this area is key to the successful allocation of feed resources. Although the principles discussed in the early chapters are common to all grazing animals, certain aspects of their application are species or system specific, and chapters address these issues. The environmental impact of grazing pastures and supplementing grazing animals is also addressed."--NZSAP Web site.

Download or read book Effect of Fat Supplementation of Steers Grazing Wheat Pasture on Forage Intake and Digestion Grazing and Feedlot Performance written by Darick A. Chabot and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: