Download or read book The Effect of Metallic Additives on the Kinetics of Oil Oxidation Reactions in In sitz Combustion written by C. F. De los Rios and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Metallic Additives on the Kinetics of Oil Oxidation Reactions in In situ Combustion written by Carlos Fernando De los Rios and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Metallic Additives on In situ Combustion of Huntington Beach Crude Experiments written by Stanford University. Petroleum Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Metallic Additives on in Situ Combustion of Huntington Beach Crude Experiments SUPRI TR 78 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Metallic Additives on In situ Combustion of Huntington Beach Crude written by Christopher Joseph Baena and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kinetics of Crude oil Combustion in Porous Media Interpreted Using Isoconversional Methods written by Murat Cinar and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One method to access unconventional, heavy-oil and natural bitumen resources as well as waterflood residual oil is to apply in situ combustion (ISC) to oxidize in place a small fraction of the hydrocarbon thereby providing heat to reduce oil viscosity and pressure that enhances recovery. ISC is also attractive because it provides the opportunity to upgrade oil in-situ by increasing the API gravity and decreasing, for instance, sulfur content. Experimental analysis of crude-oil oxidation kinetics provides parameters, such as activation energy, for modeling and optimization of ISC processes. The complex nature of petroleum as a multi-component mixture and multi-step character of oxidation reactions complicates substantially the kinetic analysis of crude-oil. Isoconversional techniques provide model-free methods for estimating activation energy and naturally deconvolve multi-step reactions. In addition, isoconversional methods are also useful as a screening tool to recognize the burning characteristics of different oils. By using experimentally determined combustion kinetics of different oil samples along with combustion tube results, we show that isoconversional analysis of ramped temperature oxidation data is useful to predict combustion-front propagation. It also provides new insight into the nature of the reactions occurring during ISC. Ramped temperature oxidation (RTO) tests with effluent gas analysis are conducted to probe ISC reaction kinetics along with isothermal coke formation experiments. The role of oxygen during coke formation reactions (i.e., fuel formation for ISC) is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of intermediate reaction products. The XPS data is analyzed along with companion RTO experiments to obtain a simplified multi-step reaction scheme. Synthetic cases illustrate the connection between a proposed reaction scheme for oil/matrix pairs and one-dimensional combustion front propagation. Analysis of experimental results illustrate that the reaction scheme is capable of reproducing experimental results including the basic trends in oxygen consumption and carbon oxides production for RTO experiments as a function of heating rate for both good and poor ISC candidates. The combination of XPS and RTO studies indicates that the quality (or reactivity) of coke formed during the process is a function of oxygen presence/absence.

Download or read book In Situ Combustion with Metallic Additives SUPRI TR 87 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-situ combustion is the most energy efficient of the thermal oil recovery methods. In this process, a portion of a reservoir's oil is burned in-situ as fuel to drive the recovery process. In light oil reservoirs, too little fuel may be deposited, making sustained combustion difficult. In heavy oil reservoirs, too much fuel may be deposited leading to high air injection requirements and unfavorable economics. This study has been designed to attack these problems. Water soluble metallic additives are investigated as agents to modify fuel deposition and combustion performance. This report describes seven combustion tube runs using two cradle oils and two metallic additives. The oils are 12° and 34° API, both from Cymric (California). The metallic additives tested are ionic nitrate (Fe(NO3)39H2O) and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)26H2O). Iron and tin additives improved the combustion efficiency in all cases. Fluctuations in the produced gas compositions were observed in all control runs, but nearly disappeared with the iron and tin additives. The combustion front velocities were also increased by iron and tin. Changes were also observed in the apparent hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio of the fuel, heat of combustion, air requirements, and amount of fuel deposited. Iron and tin caused increases in fuel concentration while causing a decrease in air requirement. The increase in fuel concentration varied between the oils, however, tin and iron were consistently more effective than zinc. A particularly interesting result occurred with the Cymric light oil. In the control runs, a sustained combustion front was not achieved, while in the iron additive runs, stable, sustained combustion was achieved. Iron and tin salts are suitable additives to increase fuel deposition when that is needed. Additives suitable for use as a fuel reducing agent have not yet been found. 26 refs., 23 figs, 6 tabs.

Download or read book The Effect of Additives on Combustion in the Oil Engine written by J. F. Dickenson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalytic Effects of Metallic Fuel Additives on Oxidation Characteristics of Trapped Diesel Soot written by Noboru Miyamoto and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemistry of Engine Combustion Deposits written by Lawrence B. Ebert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On March 30, 1981, a symposium entitled "Chemistry of Engine Combustion Deposits" was held at the 181st American Chemical Society National Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, under the sponsorship of the Petroleum Division. This book is an out growth of that symposium, including papers from all of the At 1 anta presentors, as we 11 as from others who were i nvi ted to contribute. Research on engine deposits has not been as "glamorous" as in the rel ated fossil fuel areas of petrol eum, coal, or oil shale, and publications in the field have been largely confined to combustion and automotive engineering journals. One objec tive of this book is to bring a large body of work on the chemistry of deposits into more general accessibility. We hope to make people more familiar with what deposits are, with what problems they cause, and with what present workers are doing to solve these problems. The creation of the book has involved many people. Patricia M. Vann of Plenum Publishing Corporation gave guidance in planning. We thank Claire Bromley, Ellen Gabriel, and Halina Markowski for the preparation of many of the Exxon contribu tions. Finally, we thank Joseph C. Scanlon for his useful advice and encouragement.

Download or read book Development of Kinetics for Soot Oxidation at High Pressures Under Fuel Lean Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of the proposed research was to develop kinetic models for soot oxidation with the hope of developing a validated, predictive, multi-scale, combustion model to optimize the design and operation of evolving fuels in advanced engines for transportation applications. The work focused on the relatively unstudied area of the fundamental mechanism for soot oxidation. The objectives include understanding of the kinetics of soot oxidation by O2 under high pressure which require: 1) development of intrinsic kinetics for the surface oxidation, which takes into account the dependence of reactivity upon nanostructure and 2) evolution of nanostructure and its impact upon oxidation rate and 3) inclusion of internal surface area development and possible fragmentation resulting from pore development and /or surface oxidation. These objectives were explored for a variety of pure fuel components and surrogate fuels. This project was a joint effort between the University of Utah (UU) and Pennsylvania State University (Penn State). The work at the UU focuses on experimental studies using a two-stage burner and a high- pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Penn State provided HRTEM images and guidance in the fringe analysis algorithms and parameter quantification for the images. This report focuses on completion done under supplemental funding.

Download or read book Effect of Oil Oxidation on the Process of Running in a Ring socket Pair in an Internal Combustion Engine written by S. V. Ventsel and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A typical scheme of the running-in process was obtained on an experimental set-up simulating the work of a ring in a socket. It was found that stabilization of the temperature and the work of friction does not characterize the end of the running-in process, but the formation in the oil of oxidation processes and oxidative polymerization. The phenomenon of 'apparent' repeated running-in was observed on replacing the worked oil by fresh oil. The results furnish grounds for revising plant conditions of running-in. (Author).

Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF NO2 AND TEMPERATURE ON THE PASSIVE OXIDATION AND ACTIVE REGENERATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : In this study the oxidation of particulate matter (PM) retained in a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) is investigated to understand the kinetics of PM oxidation. Seven passive oxidation and four active regeneration experiments were performed on a Cummins ISB 2013 280 hp engine and the production aftertreatment system adapted to a lab setup, in order to study the NO2 assisted and thermal oxidation of the PM retained in the CPF. The CPF was loaded with PM produced by the engine and the PM was then oxidized in the CPF under various Passive Oxidation (PO) and Active Regeneration (AR) conditions. First, the engine was operated at an engine condition that produced PM at a greater rate than the production setting, in order to load the CPF to 3.0±0.4 g/L in a suitable time of 6 hours. To study the NO2 assisted oxidation, exhaust at pre-determined engine conditions with low PM concentration (2 concentration and temperature was flowed through the CPF. During the PO testing, the exhaust temperature into the CPF varied from 299 - 385°C, the NO2 concentration varied between 137 - 1013 ppm and the exhaust mass flowrate varied between 3.63 - 12.0 kg/min. Thermal oxidation was studied by operating the engine at a specific condition where the exhaust at the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) inlet was at a higher temperature than the light-off temperature of hydrocarbon oxidation in the DOC (300 °C). Late combustion cycle fuel dosing was performed and the hydrocarbons in the dosed fuel were oxidized across the DOC. This created an exotherm and raised the exhaust temperature into the CPF to the required value between 498 - 575°C to oxidize the PM retained in the CPF at the end of loading, by reaction with O2. The O2 concentration into the CPF varied between 8.17 to 9.03%. It was found that the NO2 assisted kinetics could be represented using the standard Arrhenius equation. The activation energy obtained using the standard Arrhenius model, is 94 kJ/gmol and the pre-exponential factor obtained is 25.5 1/ppm/s. The thermal oxidation reaction rate could be similarly represented using the O2 concentration and temperature over the range of conditions studied. The activation energy for thermal oxidation was found to be 136 kJ/gmol and the pre-exponential factor obtained is 3.56 1/ppm/s. It was found that for two of the passive oxidation tests, the reaction rates were higher than that predicted using the Arrhenius representation. The Loading Engine Condition also showed higher reaction kinetics than the NO2assisted kinetics. The engine and exhaust conditions as well as reaction rates obtained as part of this study are intended to be compared to the corresponding values obtained for a SCR-in-DPF substrate that is currently being studied at Michigan Tech as the next phase of study. The purpose of this comparison is to understand the difference in performance of both aftertreatment systems in light of their respective weights and volumes. The data obtained during this study is also being used to calibrate the 1-D CPF model at MTU. An introduction to the model is provided in this thesis, and the important variables of the study that are also used for model calibration are presented in the appropriate sections.

Download or read book Effects of Carbon Catalyzed Additives on Burning of Diesel and Heavy Fuel Oil written by 奧古斯丹 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Kinetic Modeling Study on the Oxidation of Primary Reference Fuel Toluene Mixtures Including Cross Reactions Between Aromatics and Aliphatics written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed chemical kinetic model for the mixtures of Primary Reference Fuel (PRF: n-heptane and iso-octane) and toluene has been proposed. This model is divided into three parts; a PRF mechanism [T. Ogura et al., Energy & Fuels 21 (2007) 3233-3239], toluene sub-mechanism and cross reactions between PRF and toluene. Toluene sub-mechanism includes the low temperature kinetics relevant to engine conditions. A chemical kinetic mechanism proposed by Pitz et al. [Proc. the 2nd Joint Meeting of the U.S. Combust. Institute (2001)] was used as a starting model and modified by updating rate coefficients. Theoretical estimations of rate coefficients were performed for toluene and benzyl radical reactions important at low temperatures. Cross-reactions between alkane, alkene, and aromatics were also included in order to account for the acceleration by the addition of toluene into iso-octane recently found in the shock tube study of the ignition delay [Y. Sakai et al, SAE 2007-01-4014 (2007)]. Validations of the model were performed with existing shock tube and flow tube data. The model well predicts the ignition characteristics of toluene and PRF/Toluene mixtures under the wide range of temperatures (500-1700 K) and pressures (2-50 atm). It is found that reactions of benzyl radical with oxygen molecule determine the reactivity of toluene at low temperature. Although the effect of toluene addition to iso-octane is not fully resolved, the reactions of alkene with benzyl radical have the possibility to account for the kinetic interactions between PRF and toluene.

Download or read book Partial Oxidation of Jet Fuels Over Rh Al2O3 Design and Reaction Kinetics of Sulfur containing Surrogates written by Julian Nicolaas Bär and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Additives on the Oxidation and Structure of Soot written by Fereshteh Akbari Kalhor and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: