Download or read book The Effect of Low Hardness and PH on Copper Toxicity to Daphnia Magna written by Kristen E. Long and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Hardness Alkalinity and PH on the Toxicity of Copper to Rainbow Trout the Effect of Mucous Secretion on Cupric Ion Activity and PH and a Possible Internal Mode of Copper Toxicity written by Theron G. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen day toxicity tests vere conducted in an artificial fresh water medium to determine the incipient (threshold) LC50 (ILC50) for copper to 8-15 g Salmo gairdneri in various combinations of water hardness (12 to 100 mg/1) and alkalinity (10 to 50 mg/1), in several concentrations of hydrogen ion (pH 4.35 to 7.3) and after exposure to sublethal concentrations of copper and acid. Total and soluble copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dry weight of mucus secreted and sloughed off in 8 hours into a 2 liter holding tank by trout exposed to copper and acid was measured. In addition, the influence of mucus on cupric ion activity v;as measured by titrating a standard solution of copper with mucus solution against a copper standard. These titrations were conducted at several pRs (3.0 to 7.3). Cupric ion activity was measured with a cupric ion specific electrode. Results of these experiments shoved that calcium is much more important than alkalinity in reducing copper toxicity. At low water hardness (12 mg/1) the ILC50 of copper was not affected by a five fold change in medium alkalinity (10 to 5C mg/1). At low alkalinity (10 mg/1) increasing the hardness from 12 to 93 mg/1 caused a three-fold increase in the ILC50. However in hard water (100 mg/1) increasing the alkalinity from 10 to 50 mg/1 caused the ILC50 to increase by 1.8 times. The ILC50 for copper increased with increasing water hardness regardless of alkalinity. At pH 5.4 there was synergism between acid pH and copper but at pHs of less than 5.4 the toxicity of various combinations of copper and hydrogen ion was antagonistic. After one week of exposure to a sublethal concentration of copper (25-30 ug/1) the ILC50 (96 ug/J) was nearly twice that of fish not previously exposed to copper. However, trout held in sublethal acid conditions (pH A.9-5.2) for one week showed no acclimation to acid pH. Excessive mucus secretion was not found to occur as a result of exposure to 80 ug/1 copper for 8 hours. However mucus secretion increased by 30% compared to control values in response to 8 hours of exposure to pH 4.0. Titrations with a mucus solution revealed that mucus efficiently chelated copper even down to pH 3.5. In addition, each of 3 80-100 g fish raised the pH of 2 liters of water from 4.0 to 6.5 in 8 hours. The excessive mucus secretion which occurred at low pllvs coupled with the ability of mucus to chelate copper and buffer acid could be responsible for the antagonism or protecting effect that acid showed when combined with copper. An in-vitro preparation of the frog ( Kana pipiens) rectus abdominus muscle was used to test the effect of copper on muscle activity. It was attached to a muscle transducer-electrophysiograph apparatus. After exposure for 20 minutes to 10 (64 ug/1) copper (10 5M)) acetylcholine induced rapid convulsive-like contractions. As this activity was observed in fish very near death in the toxicity tests these result suggest an internal mode of toxicity at the sensitive incipient LC50 level.
Download or read book Toxicity of Copper to Daphnids in Reconstituted and Natural Waters written by Robert W. Winner and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Water Hardness on the Toxicity of Metals to Daphnia Magna written by Gary A. Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1980* with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acute (48-h) and chronic (21-d) toxicity tests were conducted with Daphnia magna to determine the relationships between water hardness and the toxicity of beryllium, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc.
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small scale Freshwater Toxicity Investigations written by Christian Blaise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This broad review is the first to gather comprehensive information on the complete contemporary range of toxicity testing procedures and hazard assessment procedures, which is normally scattered and difficult to find. The two-volume set provides a consistent, template-based approach, linking relevant information on background, theory and practice to each bioassay. Volume 2 examines hazard assessment schemes. Includes extensive glossary.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Fish Physiology Toxicology and Water Quality Management written by Rosemarie C. Russo and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Variable Hardness PH Alkalinity Suspended Clay and Humics on the Chemical Speciation and Aquatic Toxicity of Copper written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Copper written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Criteria & Standards Division and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quality Criteria for Water written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 require the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to publish criteria for water quality accurately reflecting the latest scientific knowledge on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and welfare which may be expected from the presence of pollutants in any body of water, including ground water. Proposed Water Quality Criteria were developed and a notice of their availability was published on October 26, 1973 (38 FR 29646). This present volume represents a revision of the proposed water quality criteria based upon a consideration of comments received from other Federal agencies, State agencies, special interest groups and individual scientists. Standards and their criteria are given for over 54 chemicals.
Download or read book Mining and the Freshwater Environment written by M. Kelly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last century the discharge of crude or partially treated sewage has probably been the most widespread, most documented and certainly the best understood form of pollution entering the aquatic environment. In the past two decades, however, there has been an increasing public aware ness of the potential hazards that exist from the contamination of the freshwater environment by toxic substances associated with the mining industry. World demand for minerals has intensified the exploitation of natural resources. In most western and newly developed countries significant mining proposals are now strenuously regulated to protect the environ ment. These involve economic and legislative measures and the use of appropriate control technologies. This concern will undoubtedly continue to spread worldwide requiring a programme of enlightened environmental protection management policies and practices for the future. This book has been prepared as a synthesis of our current understand ing of the effects of various heavy metals and acidic discharges likely to contaminate the freshwater environment as a direct result of mining activities. The review is based upon the dissertations of former BP spon sored students who were engaged to provide a better scientific understand ing of the causes of environmental problems associated with this industry. It gives us great pleasure to publish this information for use and appli cation by a wider audience as part of the contribution of The British Petroleum Company p.1.c. to European Year of the Environment.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals Of Aquatic Toxicology written by Gary M. Rand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 1152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is divided into three parts. The first part describes basic toxicological concepts and methodologies used in aquatic toxicity testing, including the philosophies underlying testing strategies now required to meet and support regulatory standards. The second part of the book discusses various factors that affect transport, transformation, ultimate distribution, and accumulation of chemicals in the aquatic environment, along with the use of modelling to predict fate.; The final section of the book reviews types of effects or endpoints evaluated in field studies and the use of structure-activity relationships in aquatic toxicology to predict biological activity and physio-chemical properties of a chemical. This section also contains an extensive background of environmental legislation in the USA and within the European Community, and an introduction to hazard/risk assessment with case studies.
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Natural Waters written by J.W. Moore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environ mental management. Each volume is a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental objective of these books is to help the reader discern and implement man's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable re sources. For we must strive to understand the relationship between man and nature, act to bring harmony to it, and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other individual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance with the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to man, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water, and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management. It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem.
