Download or read book The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant Earnings written by Ana Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a special Canadian dataset containing both literacy test scores and standard labour market variables to examine the impact of literacy on immigrant earnings. Having a literacy measure allows us to examine issues related to discrimination and the sources of lower returns to foreign acquired education and experience among immigrants. We find that the native-born literacy distribution (assessed in English or French) dominates that for immigrants. However, immigrantsand the native born appear to obtain the same return to their literacy skills. We argue that this does not support a discrimination explanation for immigrant-native born earnings differentials. Immigrant shortfalls in literacy can account for about one-half of the earnings gap between university educated immigrants and similarly educated native-born workers. However, low returns to foreign acquired experience have a larger impact on the differential and those low returns are not related to literacy differences. Thus, low literacy among immigrants is an important input to understanding immigrant-native born earnings differentials but is not the dominant explanation.
Download or read book The effect of literacy on immigrant earnings written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green and Riddell (2003) argue that the types of literacy questions asked in the IALS are particularly conducive to using the literacy test scores as measures of cognitive skills possessed by the respondent at the time of the survey. [...] The combination of this return to literacy and the lower literacy levels of immigrants explains part of the immigrant earnings differential. [...] However, because G1i is observed and included as an explanatory variable, the quasi-reduced form coefficients no longer reflect the contribution of education and experience to the production of literacy skills and the contribution of literacy skills to earnings. [...] Rather, they reflect the contribution of education and experience to the production of the unobserved skills G2 and G3, and the impact of these unobserved skills on earnings.4 The quasi-reduced form equation (4) is our starting point for estimation. [...] Figure 1(a) plots the kernel density function of the individual averages of the document and quantitative literacy scores.13 The immigrant distribution is bi-modal with a main mode near the mode in the native born distribution and a smaller, though still substantial mode, near the bottom of the distribution.14 The smoothing inherent in the kernel estimator makes it appear that there is mass across.
Download or read book International Adult Literacy Survey written by Ana Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Download or read book Brain Waste written by Aaditya Mattoo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The authors investigate the occupational placement of immigrants in the U.S. labor market using census data. They find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after they control for individuals' age, experience, and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can be explained by attributes of the country of origin that influence the quality of human capital, such as expenditure on tertiary education and the use of English as a medium of instruction. Performance is adversely affected by military conflict at home which may weaken institutions that create human capital and lower the threshold quality of immigrants. The selection effects of U.S. immigration policy also play an important role in explaining cross-country variation. The observed under-placement of educated migrants might be alleviated if home and host countries cooperate by sharing information on labor market conditions and work toward the recognition of qualifications.
Download or read book A Human Capital Concern written by Andrew Sum and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immigration and Its Effects on Education Income and Families written by Ji Hyun Park and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the effects of immigration on education, income and inequality, and marriage market? Migrants consists a large share of the population in the U.S. and they are a small but expanding group in South Korea. Studies have investigated the effect of immigration on various fields such as the labor market, but there are many aspects of life that the effects have not been explored. My dissertation research explores the effect of immigration on choosing a major in college education, matching between workers and managers, and choosing a spouse. First chapter analyzes the effect of country of origin on the college major choice of second generation immigrants. I use the American Community Survey (ACS) 2009-2013 as primary dataset and focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) major. I use the immigrants who are born in a foreign country and migrated to the U.S. between age 0 and 16 as proxy for second generation immigrants. Using random effects model and controlling for age of arrival, I estimate the effect of each country of origin on choosing a STEM major and decompose the country-specific. Results show that immigrant children from many countries are significantly more likely to choose a STEM major compared to natives. Decomposition shows that selection into migration is more important than the origin country characteristics, and immigrant children are more likely to choose a STEM major when there was a stronger positive selection for the parent cohort immigrants. Second chapter with Jaerim Choi studies the effect of inflow of immigrants on wages and inequality of natives. Adopting the worker-manager matching model from the trade literature, I set up a model where inflow of immigrants changes the matching between workers and managers. As a consequence, native workers and native managers with heterogeneous skill levels are affected differently through changes in the match ratio and the match quality. This impacts wages and inequality of natives. Using the U.S. Census and American Community Survey, I empirically test the model with inflow of immigrants in the U.S. 1980-2010. Using a shift-share instrumental variable for the stock of immigrants, I find that inflow of low-skilled immigrants affects native workers through the change in match quality. Consistent with the theory, inequality within native workers increases. Third chapter investigates the effect of marriage subsidy on the marriage in South Korea. The marriage subsidy, which was targeted for international marriage between Korean men and foreign women, raises the incentive for international marriage. Using the administrative marriage record for periods 2004-2013 and exploiting the variation in the subsidy across regions and years, I find that the marriage subsidy has significant positive effect on the probability of a single man marrying a foreign woman. The crowd out effect from marrying a native woman is shown in some cases.
Download or read book Caribbean Immigrants in the U S written by Teresa A. Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty First Century Immigration to North America written by Victoria M. Esses and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human migration has reached an unprecedented level, and the numbers are expected to continue growing into the foreseeable future. Host societies and migrants face challenges in ensuring that the benefits of migration accrue to both parties, and that economic and socio-cultural costs are minimized. An insightful comparative examination of the policies and practices that manage and support immigrants, Twenty-First-Century Immigration to North America identifies and addresses issues that arose in the early years of the twenty-first century and considers what to expect in the years ahead. The volume begins with an overview of immigration policies and practices in the United States and Canada, then moves to an investigation of the economic and socio-cultural aspects, and concludes with a dialogue on precarious migration. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, the editors include research from the areas of psychology, political science, economics, sociology, and public policy. Underscoring the complicated nature of immigration, this collection aims to foster further discussion and inspire future research in the United States and Canada.
Download or read book Immigration Economics written by George J. Borjas and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of people—nearly 3 percent of the world’s population—no longer live in the country where they were born. Every day, migrants enter not only the United States but also developed countries without much of a history of immigration. Some of these nations have switched in a short span of time from being the source of immigrants to being a destination for them. International migration is today a central subject of research in modern labor economics, which seeks to put into perspective and explain this historic demographic transformation. Immigration Economics synthesizes the theories, models, and econometric methods used to identify the causes and consequences of international labor flows. Economist George Borjas lays out with clarity and rigor a full spectrum of topics, including migrant worker selection and assimilation, the impact of immigration on labor markets and worker wages, and the economic benefits and losses that result from immigration. Two important themes emerge: First, immigration has distributional consequences: some people gain, but some people lose. Second, immigrants are rational economic agents who attempt to do the best they can with the resources they have, and the same holds true for native workers of the countries that receive migrants. This straightforward behavioral proposition, Borjas argues, has crucial implications for how economists and policymakers should frame contemporary debates over immigration.
Download or read book Projecting Immigrant Earnings written by Harriet Orcutt Duleep and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using microdata samples from the 1960-1990, examines the relationship between country of origin and the earnings of immigrants. Also presents theoretical insights and empirical evidence about the underlying causes of the link between country of origin and immigrants' earnings.
Download or read book The Economics of Immigration written by Benjamin Powell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-24 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Immigration summarizes the best social science studying the actual impact of immigration, which is found to be at odds with popular fears. Greater flows of immigration have the potential to substantially increase world income and reduce extreme poverty. Existing evidence indicates that immigration slightly enhances the wealth of natives born in destination countries while doing little to harm the job prospects or reduce the wages of most of the native-born population. Similarly, although a matter of debate, most credible scholarly estimates of the net fiscal impact of current migration find only small positive or negative impacts. Importantly, current generations of immigrants do not appear to be assimilating more slowly than prior waves. Although the range of debate on the consequences of immigration is much narrower in scholarly circles than in the general public, that does not mean that all social scientists agree on what a desirable immigration policy embodies. The second half of this book contains three chapters, each by a social scientist who is knowledgeable of the scholarship summarized in the first half of the book, which argue for very different policy immigration policies. One proposes to significantly cut current levels of immigration. Another suggests an auction market for immigration permits. The third proposes open borders. The final chapter surveys the policy opinions of other immigration experts and explores the factors that lead reasonable social scientists to disagree on matters of immigration policy.
Download or read book Projecting Immigrant Earnings written by Harriet Orcutt Duleep and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper asks whether information about immigrants other than their age, education, and years since migration can be productively used to project their earnings. Although many factors could affect immigrants' earnings, what is most useful for Social Security modeling purposes is relevant information that is readily available on a continuous basis. Country of origin is a good candidate as it is regularly and readily available from several administrative and survey data sources. In this paper, microdata samples from the 1960-1990 censuses are used to examine the relationship between country of origin and the earnings of immigrants. By following cohorts of immigrants over 10-year intervals, we learn how country of origin affects the initial earnings of immigrants and how the relationship between country of origin and immigrants' earnings changes as immigrants live in the United States. The paper also presents theoretical insights and empirical evidence about the underlying causes of the link between country of origin and immigrants' earnings.
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of International Migration written by Barry Chiswick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic literature on international migration interests policymakers as well as academics throughout the social sciences. These volumes, the first of a new subseries in the Handbooks in Economics, describe and analyze scholarship created since the inception of serious attention began in the late 1970s. This literature appears in the general economics journals, in various field journals in economics (especially, but not exclusively, those covering labor market and human resource issues), in interdisciplinary immigration journals, and in papers by economists published in journals associated with history, sociology, political science, demography, and linguistics, among others. Covers a range of topics from labor market outcomes and fiscal consequences to the effects of international migration on the level and distribution of income – and everything in between. Encompasses a wide range of topics related to migration and is multidisciplinary in some aspects, which is crucial on the topic of migration Appeals to a large community of scholars interested in this topic and for whom no overviews or summaries exist
Download or read book The Housing and Economic Experiences of Immigrants in U S and Canadian Cities written by Carlos Teixeira and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1960s, new and more diverse waves of immigrants have changed the demographic composition and the landscapes of North American cities and their suburbs. The Housing and Economic Experiences of Immigrants in U.S. and Canadian Cities is a collection of essays examining how recent immigrants have fared in getting access to jobs and housing in urban centres across the continent. Using a variety of methodologies, contributors from both countries present original research on a range of issues connected to housing and economic experiences. They offer both a broad overview and a series of detailed case studies that highlight the experiences of particular communities. This volume demonstrates that, while the United States and Canada have much in common when it comes to urban development, there are important structural and historical differences between the immigrant experiences in these two countries.
Download or read book The Economics of Inequality Poverty and Discrimination in the 21st Century written by Robert S. Rycroft and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars examine the conflicting paradigms of affluence and destitution in the United States—as well as other free societies—and discuss the influence of education, race, and status on economic mobility. While recent catastrophic events in New Orleans and Haiti may have magnified issues of social inequity, leaders have debated over poverty and discrimination for decades. Are the poor disadvantaged by the institutions of society or by the choices they make? Through two insightful volumes, the author examines differing academic and political perspectives to help shed light on the causes of poverty and inequality; the role that gender, race, age, or sexual preference plays in determining opportunity; and the effectiveness of current social and economic policies in balancing the inequity among disparate groups. The Economics of Inequality, Poverty, and Discrimination in the 21st Century consists of 2 volumes containing 32 papers divided into 5 categories: measurement, inequality and mobility, institutions and choices, demographic groups and discrimination, and policy. The papers—written by economists, sociologists, philosophers and lawyers—deal with the extent of inequality in the United States and how it compares to other countries, and the newly emerging evidence on the relationship between inequality and mobility within a society.
Download or read book Understanding Migration with Macroeconomics written by Eugenia Vella and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection includes (but is not limited to) contributions in the form of chapters from the participants of the Workshop on the Macroeconomics of Migration at the University of Sheffield in June 2018. Migration is one of the most debated issues currently and is a pervasive feature of our economies. While extensive academic work has looked at the microeconomic aspects of migration, an open question is to better understand the links between migration and macroeconomic aggregates, such as per capita GDP. This book explores this overarching question, which has hit the key political and social debates all over Europe. Countries that are traditionally viewed as hosting economies for immigrants, such as for instance the UK and Germany, are concerned by immigration, while sending countries, such as Southern and Eastern European countries, are concerned by emigration. The contributions in this edited collection analyse empirically and theoretically the challenges international economic migration generates both in sending and receiving countries, thus offering a comprehensive approach to the question asked above. The book looks at several important issues in the current debates related to the labour market effects of migration for natives, the bi-directional relation between taxation and migration, migration and the informal economy, migration and business cycle dynamics, and brain waste. This edited collection will be of interest to academics, practitioners and policy makers who wish to take a closer look at the macroeconomic effects of migration and learn more about the current challenges posed by immigration in some countries and emigration in others.
