Download or read book The Effect of Inflation on Capital Formation in Agriculture written by Luiz Roberto Graça and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Inflation on Capital Formation in Agriculture written by L.R. Graca and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objetive addressed by this research was to estimate the effect of inflation on tractor sales in U.S. agriculture. To attain this objective, two vestor-autoregressive models of quarterly tractor sales were cenceptualized and estimated. The first model included the inflation rate as an explicit variable. Additional variables in the model include: tractor sales, real income, and real annual cost of tractors. The second model also included four variables: tractor sales, real income, an index of real cash flow, and an index of implicit real rental price of tractors taking income taxes into account. The second model was conceptualized in order to estimate the specific effects of inflation though the variables by tax laws (depreciation shield, real after-tax interest rate, and investment tax credit) and through the effects on cash flows. For both models, the following statistical procedures were performed: 1) a causality test; 2) the impulse response of tractor sales to shocks in other variables; 3) a forecast error variance decomposition; and 4) a historical decomposition of variance. Results for the first model found that inflation was a significant variable explaining tractor sales for the period 1961Q3-1982Q2. However, tractor sales found to be more sensitive to actual past changes in real annual cost and real income than to inflation. Results for the second model found a theoretically inconsistent causation (positive instead of negative) running from implicit rental price index to tractor sales. This result was a barrier to delineating the effect of inflation through tax laws. The real cash flow index (which increases with inflation) was the most important variable in explaining tractor sales for above period. The study concluded that inflation had a negative effect on tractor sales during the period 1961Q3-1982Q2. The magnitude of these effects were smaller than those from real annual cost and real income. The particular negative effect of inflation through cash flow stress might be an important factor concerning capital formation in agriculture. The importance of the reduced value of depreciation income-tax shield and lower real after-tax cost of capital as caused by inflation was not confirmed.
Download or read book The Impact of Inflation on Financial Activity in Business with Applications to the U S Farming Sector written by Yaaqov Goldschmidt and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1986 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book contributes significantly to our understanding of financial analysis in an inflationary environment. Major topics covered include the interest charges on working capital, the effect of debt finance on liquidity, the impact of inflation on tax liability resulting from interest on loans, and income measurement with a special emphasis on performance evaluation.
Download or read book Capital Formation and Inflation written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IMF Staff Papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1963-01-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses effects of inflation on economic development. A mild inflation may well encourage little, or no, evasion of the “inflation tax.” On the other hand, a strong inflation, and frequently a mild one also, will lead to community reactions which have effects like those of widespread tax evasion. A development policy may have wider aims than the encouragement of a high level of investment. Inflation has two effects on the desire for liquidity, which are related to the two basic reasons why individuals and businesses wish to hold liquid assets—the speculative and precautionary motives. Inflation increases the value of effective liquidity, thereby raising the community's desire for it, but it makes the most generally accepted store of liquidity unacceptable sources of protection. The control of inflation is only one of the problems facing a government wishing to encourage rapid economic development. The fight against illiteracy, the reform of bureaucratic practices, the building of basic sanitary facilities for the eradication of endemic diseases, the substitution of competitive for monopolistic trade practices, the encouragement of a widespread spirit of entrepreneurship, and the creation of an adequate amount of social capital, may be important prerequisites for rapid growth.
Download or read book The Impact of Inflation on Investment in Agricultural Capital written by United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capital in Agriculture written by Alvin Samuel Tostlebe and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Deleterious Effects of Inflation on Capital Formation written by Gregg Sidney Lucas and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Inflation on Capital Formation written by Kevin J. Maloney and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation written by Mr. Kangni R Kpodar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.
Download or read book Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries written by Ragnar Nurkse and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inflation in Emerging and Developing Economies written by Jongrim Ha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-24 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study in the context of EMDEs that covers, in one consistent framework, the evolution and global and domestic drivers of inflation, the role of expectations, exchange rate pass-through and policy implications. In addition, the report analyzes inflation and monetary policy related challenges in LICs. The report documents three major findings: In First, EMDE disinflation over the past four decades was to a significant degree a result of favorable external developments, pointing to the risk of rising EMDE inflation if global inflation were to increase. In particular, the decline in EMDE inflation has been supported by broad-based global disinflation amid rapid international trade and financial integration and the disruption caused by the global financial crisis. While domestic factors continue to be the main drivers of short-term movements in EMDE inflation, the role of global factors has risen by one-half between the 1970s and the 2000s. On average, global shocks, especially oil price swings and global demand shocks have accounted for more than one-quarter of domestic inflation variatio--and more in countries with stronger global linkages and greater reliance on commodity imports. In LICs, global food and energy price shocks accounted for another 12 percent of core inflation variatio--half more than in advanced economies and one-fifth more than in non-LIC EMDEs. Second, inflation expectations continue to be less well-anchored in EMDEs than in advanced economies, although a move to inflation targeting and better fiscal frameworks has helped strengthen monetary policy credibility. Lower monetary policy credibility and exchange rate flexibility have also been associated with higher pass-through of exchange rate shocks into domestic inflation in the event of global shocks, which have accounted for half of EMDE exchange rate variation. Third, in part because of poorly anchored inflation expectations, the transmission of global commodity price shocks to domestic LIC inflation (combined with unintended consequences of other government policies) can have material implications for poverty: the global food price spikes in 2010-11 tipped roughly 8 million people into poverty.
Download or read book Multisector Growth Models written by Terry L. Roe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-03 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this book is to advance the state of the art in specifying and ?tting to data structural multi-sector dynamic macroeconomic models, and empirically implementing them. The fundamental construct upon which we build is the Ramsey model. A most attractive feature of this model is the insights it provides into the dynamics of an economy in tr- sition to long-run equilibrium. With some exceptions, Ramsey models are highly aggregated – typically single sector models. However, interest often lies in understanding the forces of e- nomic growth across multiple sectors of an economy and on how policy impacts likely play out over time. Such analyses call for moredisaggregatedmodelsthatcanbe?ttocountryorregional data.Thisbookshowshowto:(i)extendthebasicmodeltom- tiple sectors, (ii) how to adapt the basic model to account for policy instruments, and (iii) ?t the model to data, and obtain equilibrium values both forward and backward in time from the data points to which the model is initially ?t.
Download or read book The Stock Market Credit and Capital Formation written by Fritz Machlup and published by Ludwig von Mises Institute. This book was released on 1940 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Development and Economic Transformation written by John W. Mellor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the role of agriculture in the economic transformation of developing low- and middle-income countries and explores means for accelerating agricultural growth and poverty reduction. In this volume, Mellor measures by household class the employment impact of alternative agricultural growth rates and land tenure systems, and impact on cereal consumption and food security. The book provides detailed analysis of each element of agricultural modernization, emphasizing the central role of government in accelerated growth in private sector dominated agriculture. The book differs from the bulk of current conventional wisdom in its placement of the non-poor small commercial farmer at the center of growth, and explains how growth translates into poverty reduction. This new book is a follow up to Mellor’s classic, prize-winning text, The Economics of Agricultural Development. Listed as a Best Books of 2017: Economics by Financial Times.
Download or read book Impact of Estate and Gift Taxation on Capital Formation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Tax, Access to Equity Capital, and Business Opportunities and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Productivity written by Alistair Dieppe and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD
