Download or read book The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA6061 welded using TIG written by Abd Rahim Abd Razak and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post Weld Heat Treatment of TIG Welded AA6061 Aluminium Alloy written by Goyal Mayur and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TIG welding is one of the important weld process for the fusion reactor components developement and fabrication.The welding of aluminium is most difficult due to its thermo physical properties like high thermal and electrical conductivity, low melting point and strength. In this, TIG welding parameters welding current and welding speed are used to weld. TIG welded joints are then heat treated by artificial aging and solution treatment to evaluate the influence of PWHT on mechanical properties of AA6061 joints. Tensile strength and impact strength of as TIG welded and heat treated joints is evaluated.
Download or read book Influence of Welding and Heat Treatment on Aluminum Alloys written by Eric B. Hilty and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The welding of structural materials, such as aluminum alloys 6063, 6061 and 6005A, does have an adverse influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties at locations immediately adjacent to the weld. The influence of heat input, due to welding and artificial aging, was investigated on aluminum alloy extrusions of 6063, 6061 and 6005A. Uniaxial tensile tests, in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy observations, were done on the: (i) as-provided alloy in the natural temper, (ii) the as-provided alloy artificially aged, (iii) the as-welded alloy in the natural temper, and (iv) the as-welded alloy subject to heat treatment. The welding process used was gas metal arc (GMAW) with spray transfer at approximately 140-220 amps of current at 22-26 volts. The artificial aging used was a precipitation heat treatment for 6 hours at 360oF. The aluminum alloys of the 6XXX series contain magnesium (Mg) and silicone (Si) and are responsive to temperature. Optical microscopy observations revealed the influence of artificial aging to cause change in both size and shape of the second-phase particles present and distributed through the microstructure. The temperature and time of exposure to heat treatment did cause the second-phase particles to both precipitate and migrate through the microstructure resulting in an observable change in strength of the material. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted for desired specimen thicknesses for sake of comparison. Section 6.4.2-2 of the 2010 Aluminum Design manual discusses provisions for mechanical properties of welded and artificially aged aluminum light poles, fabricated from aluminum alloy 6063 and 6005A. A basis for these provisions was the result of older round-robin testing programs [2, 3]. However, results of the studies were never placed in the open literature. Hence, the focus of this study was to determine the expected mechanical properties of welded and artificially aged 6063, 6061 and 6005A aluminum alloys and publish the results. Tensile tests revealed the welded aluminum alloy to have lower strength, both yield and ultimate tensile strength, when compared to the as-received un-welded counterpart. The impact of post-weld heat treatment on tensile properties and resultant fracture behavior is presented and briefly discussed in light of intrinsic microstructural effects and nature of loading.
Download or read book The effect of post welded heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welded Al 6063 written by Jasveer Singh and published by BookRix. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust. Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's low density and for its ability to resist corrosion due to the phenomenon of passivation. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and are important in other areas of transportation and structural materials Welding plays a crucial role or say as a back bone of manufacturing industry to join the components. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new joining process that has been demonstrated in a variety of metals such as steel, titanium, lead, copper and aluminium. The unique properties of friction stir welds make possible some completely new structural designs with significant impact to ship design and construction. Friction stir welding is especially advantageous for joining aluminium and has been exploited commercially around the world in several industries. In the present work the effects of welding speed have been investigated on the microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminium alloy 6063. FSW was carried out at rotational speed of 1300 rpm (constant) and transverse speeds of 35, 50 and 65 mm/min. Mechanical performance has been investigated in terms of hardness, wear resistance and tensile strength. To study the effect of post welding heat treatment on properties of friction stir welded joint, the artificial ageing was carried out at 1600 C for a soaking period of 20 hours in the muffle furnace. The study revealed that friction stir welded joint prepared at welding speed of 35 mm/min exhibited better tensile strength, hardness and wear resistance. Better mechanical properties of the joint prepared at welding speed of 35 mm/min may be attributed due to fine, homogeneous and equaxed grain structure of stir zone. Post welding heat treatment of friction stir welded joint improved the wear resistance and microhardness of the joint. However tensile properties deteriorated with the post welding heat treatment of joint.
Download or read book The effect of welding parameters on mechanical properties and microstructural behaviour of Al Alloy 6061 using TIG written by Vishavdeep Singh and published by BookRix. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated tungsten inert gas welding process involves a method of increasing penetration capability of the arc in TIG welding. This is achieved through the application of a thin coating of activated flux onto the joint surface prior to welding. This leads to strong joint. This paper deals with the study of microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy AA-6061 weld joints using A-TIG welding. During the experiment the welding current and gas flow rate are used as variable parameters and welding speed kept as constant. In this activated TIG welding process, there were five single component fluxes which are CdCl2, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3 and TiO2 used in the initial experiment to evaluate Welding current, Gas Flow Rate, Flux by joining plates by using A-TIG welds. Based on the higher penetration of weld bead, two single component fluxes SiO2 and TiO2 were selected for actual experiment. The values of optimum welding current and gas flow rate and flux was finding out from the experiment. Welding specimen were investigated using scanning electron microscope, vicker's micro hardness test and tensile strength. The SiO2 flux produced the most noticeable effect in terms of tensile strength and micro hardness.
Download or read book Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of heat treatment is the method by which metals are heated and cooled in a series of specific operations that never allow the metal to reach the molten state. The purpose of the heat treatment is to cause desire changes in the metallurgical structure and thus in the properties of metal parts. The aim of this research is to study the influence of heat treatment and natural aging mechanism on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 6061. The aluminum alloy 6061 sample heat treated using T4 method which is heat treated at 550°C, 575°C and 600°C and then naturally aged at ambient environment for 3 hours. After heat treated process, the effects were investigated in terms of microstructure using metallurgical analysis and mechanical properties by tensile tests and hardness test. Tensile tests show that the yield stress and UTS have high value when heat treated at 600°C where 103.28693 MPa and 195.246895 MPa meanwhile the Young modulus heat treated at 550°C have high value; 84417.95106 MPa. For heat treatment specimens, the high VHN is specimen's heat treated at 600°C which have value 85.7 and the lower VHN value is specimen's heat treated at 550°C with value 57.5. The heat treatment process result soft aluminum alloy 6061. Lastly for microstructure observation, different microstructure appear within different heat treatment temperature. From the data and result that already determined, it achieved the objectives and scope of this research.
Download or read book Lehrerpensionskasse written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Welding of Aluminium and Its Alloys written by G Mathers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-09-24 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Welding of Aluminium and its Alloys is a practical user's guide to all aspects of welding aluminium and aluminium alloys. It provides a basic understanding of the metallurgical principles involved showing how alloys achieve their strength and how the process of welding can affect these properties. The book is intended to provide engineers with perhaps little prior understanding of metallurgy and only a brief acquaintance with the welding processes involved with a concise and effective reference to the subject.It is intended as a practical guide for the Welding Engineer and covers weldability of aluminium alloys; process descriptions, advantages, limitations, proposed weld parameters, health and safety issues; preparation for welding, quality assurance and quality control issues along with problem solving.The book includes sections on parent metal storage and preparation prior to welding. It describes the more frequently encountered processes and has recommendations on welding parameters that may be used as a starting point for the development of a viable welding procedure. Included in these chapters are hints and tips to avoid some of the pitfalls of welding these sometimes-problematic materials. The content is both descriptive and qualitative. The author has avoided the use of mathematical expressions to describe the effects of welding.This book is essential reading for welding engineers, production engineers, production managers, designers and shop-floor supervisors involved in the aluminium fabrication industry. - A practical user's guide by a respected expert to all aspects of welding of aluminium - Designed to be easily understood by the non-metallurgist whilst covering the most necessary metallurgical aspects - Demonstrates best practice in fabricating aluminium structures
Download or read book Recent Developments in Mechanics and Design written by D. K. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Composition and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Modified 9 Cr and 1 Mo Weld Metals written by A. M. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Post Welded Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of 7A04 O Aluminum Alloy written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Laser Welding Technologies written by S Katayama and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-06-30 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser welding is a rapidly developing and versatile technology which has found increasing applications in industry and manufacturing. It allows the precision welding of small and hard-to-reach areas, and is particularly suitable for operation under computer or robotic control. The Handbook of laser welding technologies reviews the latest developments in the field and how they can be used across a variety of applications.Part one provides an introduction to the fundamentals of laser welding before moving on to explore developments in established technologies including CO2 laser welding, disk laser welding and laser micro welding technology. Part two highlights laser welding technologies for various materials including aluminium and titanium alloys, plastics and glass. Part three focuses on developments in emerging laser welding technologies with chapters on the applications of robotics in laser welding and developments in the modelling and simulation of laser and hybrid laser welding. Finally, part four explores the applications of laser welding in the automotive, railway and shipbuilding industries.The Handbook of laser welding technologies is a technical resource for researchers and engineers using laser welding technologies, professionals requiring an understanding of laser welding techniques and academics interested in the field. - Provides an introduction to the fundamentals of laser welding including characteristics, welding defects and evolution of laser welding - Discusses developments in a number of techniques including disk, conduction and laser micro welding - Focusses on technologies for particular materials such as light metal alloys, plastics and glass
Download or read book Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Welded Abrasion Resistant Steel AR200 written by Vladimir P.Eng Neykov and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Mechanical Corrosion and Tribological Properties of Normal and Submerged Friction Stir Welded Joints of Aa6061 and Aa6063 written by Dr. Laxmanaraju Salavaravu & Dr. Lingaraju Dumpala and published by Laxmi Book Publication. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminium is a soft, light metal with a dull silvery-white colour. It is the second most abundant element. Aluminium's lightweight and corrosion resistance made it a vital metal in the 19th century. It is the second most malleable and sixth most ductile element after gold. It is three times lighter than steel and is three times stronger than steel. Tm-660°C and has a lower density (2.7g/cm3). In annealed form, pure aluminium has a tensile strength of 40-50 MPa. It is strengthened by alloying, cold working, and heat treatment. The joining of aluminium alloys presents many challenges due to a tenacious oxide layer, high thermal conductivity, high Coefficient of thermal expansion, and solidification defects [1]. Aluminium is alloyed with many other elements to improve its strength and corrosion resistance. Many difficult-to-weld aluminium alloys can be defect-free and mechanically sound using FSW [2]. Their numerous benefits make aluminium alloys widely used in vehicle and building structural applications. Aluminium and its alloys have various capabilities and applications, making them the material of choice for many products and markets. Their low density, appearance, strength, and fabricability make them appealing. They have wrought alloys or cast alloys. Wrought alloys are designated as 1xxx-pure aluminium, 2xxx-Al-Cu alloys, 3xxx-Al-Mn alloys, 4xxx-Al-Si alloys, 5xxx-Al-Mg alloys, 6xxx-Al-Mg-Si alloys, 7xxx-Al-Zn alloys, and 8xxx-Al-Tin-Li, where the first digit denotes principal alloying. These alloys are classified in to two types-one is heat-treatable(2xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx, and some of the 8xxx alloys) and another one is non-heat treatable (ASTM Handbook 1985) [3]. 6xxx series are wrought aluminium alloys with Si and Mg. They are heat treatable and corrosion-resistant. They naturally weld due to their high strength to weight ratio. The 6xxx series accounts for roughly 80% of global aluminium extrusion [4]. AA6063 is popular for its formability, medium strength, and high corrosion resistance. AA6063 is a heat treatable magnesium silicide. AA6063 is used for extrusions and irrigation pipes [5].
Download or read book Proceedings of the 62nd Conference of Metallurgists COM 2023 written by Metallurgy & Materials Soc. of CIM and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 1033 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These Proceedings represent the metallurgical engineering and materials science research presented at the 62nd Annual Conference of Metallurgists (COM 2023), held in Toronto, Canada, from 21 to 24 August 2023. The Annual Conference of Metallurgists is organized by the Metallurgy & Materials Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (MetSoc of CIM). The collection themed ‘Climate Change and Sustainability’ presents findings on a wide range of topics, including: Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Sustainability: Integration for Better Outcomes Light Metals for Transportation and Next Generation Vehicles Derek Kerfoot Memorial Pressure Hydrometallurgy Symposium Laplante-Laskowski Symposium on Mineral Processing Fundamentals Wasmund Memorial Symposium of Sustainability in Pyrometallurgy
Download or read book Springback Assessment and Compensation of Tailor Welded Blanks written by Ab Abdullah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-12-27 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on techniques developed to evaluate the forming behaviour of tailor welded blanks (TWBs) in sheet metal manufacturing, this edited collection details compensation methods suited to mitigating the effects of springback. Making use of case studies and in-depth accounts of industry experience, this book gives a comprehensive overview of springback and provides essential solutions necessary to modern-day automotive engineers. Sheet metal forming is a major process within the automotive industry, with advancement of the technology including utilization of non-uniform sheet metal in order to produce light or strengthened body structures. This is critical in the reduction of vehicle weight in order to match increased consumer demand for better driving performance and improved fuel efficiency. Additionally, increasingly stringent international regulations regarding exhaust emissions require manufacturers to seek to lighten vehicles as much as possible. To aid engineers in optimizing lightweight designs, this comprehensive book covers topics by a variety of industry experts, including compensation by annealing, low-power welding, punch profile radius and tool-integrated springback measuring systems. It ends by looking at the future trends within the industry and the potential for further innovation within the field. This work will benefit car manufacturers and stamping plants that face springback issues within their production, particularly in the implementation of TWB production into existing facilities. It will also be of interest to students and researchers in automotive and aerospace engineering.
