Download or read book The Effect of Hardness Alkalinity and PH on the Toxicity of Copper to Rainbow Trout the Effect of Mucous Secretion on Cupric Ion Activity and PH and a Possible Internal Mode of Copper Toxicity written by Theron G. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen day toxicity tests vere conducted in an artificial fresh water medium to determine the incipient (threshold) LC50 (ILC50) for copper to 8-15 g Salmo gairdneri in various combinations of water hardness (12 to 100 mg/1) and alkalinity (10 to 50 mg/1), in several concentrations of hydrogen ion (pH 4.35 to 7.3) and after exposure to sublethal concentrations of copper and acid. Total and soluble copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dry weight of mucus secreted and sloughed off in 8 hours into a 2 liter holding tank by trout exposed to copper and acid was measured. In addition, the influence of mucus on cupric ion activity v;as measured by titrating a standard solution of copper with mucus solution against a copper standard. These titrations were conducted at several pRs (3.0 to 7.3). Cupric ion activity was measured with a cupric ion specific electrode. Results of these experiments shoved that calcium is much more important than alkalinity in reducing copper toxicity. At low water hardness (12 mg/1) the ILC50 of copper was not affected by a five fold change in medium alkalinity (10 to 5C mg/1). At low alkalinity (10 mg/1) increasing the hardness from 12 to 93 mg/1 caused a three-fold increase in the ILC50. However in hard water (100 mg/1) increasing the alkalinity from 10 to 50 mg/1 caused the ILC50 to increase by 1.8 times. The ILC50 for copper increased with increasing water hardness regardless of alkalinity. At pH 5.4 there was synergism between acid pH and copper but at pHs of less than 5.4 the toxicity of various combinations of copper and hydrogen ion was antagonistic. After one week of exposure to a sublethal concentration of copper (25-30 ug/1) the ILC50 (96 ug/J) was nearly twice that of fish not previously exposed to copper. However, trout held in sublethal acid conditions (pH A.9-5.2) for one week showed no acclimation to acid pH. Excessive mucus secretion was not found to occur as a result of exposure to 80 ug/1 copper for 8 hours. However mucus secretion increased by 30% compared to control values in response to 8 hours of exposure to pH 4.0. Titrations with a mucus solution revealed that mucus efficiently chelated copper even down to pH 3.5. In addition, each of 3 80-100 g fish raised the pH of 2 liters of water from 4.0 to 6.5 in 8 hours. The excessive mucus secretion which occurred at low pllvs coupled with the ability of mucus to chelate copper and buffer acid could be responsible for the antagonism or protecting effect that acid showed when combined with copper. An in-vitro preparation of the frog ( Kana pipiens) rectus abdominus muscle was used to test the effect of copper on muscle activity. It was attached to a muscle transducer-electrophysiograph apparatus. After exposure for 20 minutes to 10 (64 ug/1) copper (10 5M)) acetylcholine induced rapid convulsive-like contractions. As this activity was observed in fish very near death in the toxicity tests these result suggest an internal mode of toxicity at the sensitive incipient LC50 level.
Download or read book Acute Toxicity of Copper to Some Fishes in High Alkalinity Water written by Dorothy Richey and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Toxicity of Copper to Rainbow and Cutthroat Trouts Under Different Conditions of Alkalinity PH and Hardness written by Charles Chakoumakos and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Variable Hardness PH Alkalinity Suspended Clay and Humics on the Chemical Speciation and Aquatic Toxicity of Copper written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Validity of Laboratory Tests for Predicting Copper Toxicity in Streams written by Jack R. Geckler and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Copper Hazards to Fish Wildlife and Invertebrates written by Ronald Eisler and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicity of Copper to Cutthroat Trout Salmo Clarki Under Different Conditions of Alkalinity PH and Hardness written by Charles Chakoumakos and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Toxicity of Copper to the Common Bluegill Lepomis Macrochirus Rafinesque Notulae Naturae of The Acad of Natural Sciences of Phila No 257 written by and published by Academy of Natural Sciences. This book was released on with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Copper in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-12 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety of the nation's drinking water must be maintained to ensure the health of the public. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for regulating the levels of substances in the drinking water supply. Copper can leach into drinking water from the pipes in the distribution system, and the allowable levels are regulated by the EPA. The regulation of copper, however, is complicated by the fact that it is both necessary to the normal functioning of the body and toxic to the body at too high a level. The National Research Council was requested to form a committee to review the scientific validity of the EPA's maximum contaminant level goal for copper in drinking water. Copper in Drinking Water outlines the findings of the committee's review. The book provides a review of the toxicity of copper as well as a discussion of the essential nature of this metal. The risks posed by both short-term and long-term exposure to copper are characterized, and the implications for public health are discussed. This book is a valuable reference for individuals involved in the regulation of water supplies and individuals interested in issues surrounding this metal.
Download or read book Effects of Chemical Variations in Aquatic Environments Lead toxicity to rainbow trout and testing application factor concept by P H Davies and W H Everhart written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Low Hardness and PH on Copper Toxicity to Daphnia Magna written by Kristen E. Long and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Copper 1984 written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship Between Cupric Ion Activity and the Toxicity of Copper to Phytoplankton written by William George Sunda and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship Between Cupric Ion Activity and the Toxicity of Copper to Phytoplankton written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research was supported in part by Grant Numoer GB-33288 of the Biological Oceanography Section of the National Science Foundation, and in part by a Woods Hole Oceanograhic Institution Fellowship.
Download or read book Toxicity of Copper to Daphnids in Reconstituted and Natural Waters written by Robert W. Winner and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The acute toxicity of zinc to rainbow and brook trout written by Gary W. Holcombe and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Chemical Variations in Aquatic Environments Toxic effects of aqueous aluminum to rainbow trout by W H Everhart and R A Freeman written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
