Download or read book The International Role of the Dollar and Trade Balance Adjustment written by Linda S. Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pattern of international trade adjustment is affected by the continuing international role of the dollar and related evidence on exchange rate pass-through into prices. This paper argues that a depreciation of the dollar would have asymmetric effects on flows between the United States and its trading partners. With low exchange rate pass-through to U.S. import prices and high exchange rate pass-through to the local prices of countries consuming U.S. exports, the effect of dollar depreciation on real trade flows is dominated by an adjustment in U.S. export quantities, which increase as U.S. goods become cheaper in the rest of the world. Real U.S. imports are affected less because U.S. prices are more insulated from exchange rate movements -- pass-through is low and dollar invoicing is high. In relation to prices, the effects on the U.S. terms of trade are limited: U.S. exporters earn the same amount of dollars for each unit shipped abroad, and U.S. consumers do not encounter more expensive imports. Movements in dollar exchange rates also affect the international trade transactions of countries invoicing some of their trade in dollars, even when these countries are not transacting directly with the United States.
Download or read book The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Trade Balance written by Najia Saqib and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluctuation of the exchange rate has a different unwanted implication towards the economic growth. The right choice of exchange rate regime will bring an economy back to the equilibrium and many economists claim that it is one of the factors for the positive economic development. In contrast, a long term fluctuation of the real exchange rate from the nominal rate can lead to severe macroeconomic imbalances, lead to speculation attack and against the orthodoxy of macroeconomic parities. However the empirical findings of previous studies with regards to the relationship of exchange rate and trade balance are not inclusive and are inconsistent for different countries. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the long run relationship between fluctuation of exchange rate and trade balance in Saudi Arab. The economy of the Saudi Arab has developed tremendously in which the average gross domestic production (GDP) for the period of 1980 - 2008 is more than 300 percentages. Using the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) model, we empirically identify that the currency of Saudi Arabia at most of the time are overvalued. The study also shows Saudi Arab is enjoying positive trade balance. Utilising two-step Engel-Granger co-integration technique we find a significant long run relationship between the exchange rate fluctuation and trade balance for Saudi Arab in the long run but not in the short-run.
Download or read book Exchange Rates and Trade Balance Adjustment in Emerging Market Economies written by International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-10-10 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper finds that simple econometric specifications yield surprising rich and complex dynamics -- relative prices respond to the nominal exchange rate and pass-through effects, import and export volumes respond to relative price changes, and the trade balance responds to changes in import and export values.
Download or read book Real Effective Exchange Rate and Trade Balance Adjustment The Case of Turkey written by Mr.Plamen K Iossifov and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an ongoing debate in the literature on whether global trade flows have become disconnected from the large real effective exchange rate movements in the wake of the global financial crisis. The question has important policy implications for the role of exchange rates in supporting growth and restoring external balance. In this paper, we use Turkey---a large and open emerging market economy that has experienced sizable swings of the real effective exchange rate---as a case study to test competing hypotheses. Our results lend support to the finding in existing cross-country studies that the real effective exchange rate remains an important determinant of trade flows. But, its effect is not symmetric in secular periods of appreciation and depreciation and is, oftentimes, dwarfed by the impact on trade flows of the income growth differential between trade partners.
Download or read book Do Exchange Rates Work Another View written by Mr.Robert A. Mundell and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-04-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the role of exchange rates in balance of payments theories. It explores the sixteen approaches to the balance of payments, the concept of an “equilibrium” trade balance and sequential “stages” of the current account. It examines fiscal and demographic influences on the U.S. deficit. The final section considers the breakdown of the international monetary system after World Wars I and II; an evaluation of alternative proposals to correct the defects of the system; and an examination of the extent to which deficits of reserve countries have their origins in systemic problems.
Download or read book Friedman Redux written by Mr.Atish R. Ghosh and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-08-08 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milton Friedman argued that flexible exchange rates would facilitate external adjustment. Recent studies find surprisingly little robust evidence that they do. We argue that this is because they use composite (or aggregate) exchange rate regime classifications, which often mask very heterogeneous bilateral relationships between countries. Constructing a novel dataset of bilateral exchange rate regimes that differentiates by the degree of exchange rate flexibility, as well as by direct and indirect exchange rate relationships, for 181 countries over 1980–2011, we find a significant and empirically robust relationship between exchange rate flexibility and the speed of external adjustment. Our results are supported by several “natural experiments” of exogenous changes in bilateral exchange rate regimes.
Download or read book The Effects of Exchange Rate Adjustments written by Peter B. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Exchange Rate Changes Between Key Currencies on the Debt Structure and Debt Service Burden of Developing Countries written by Helmut W. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dollars Deficits Trade written by James A. Dorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume are timelyand provocative. They address the key issues of the changing world economy and consider the implications ofthe erosion ofthe rule oflaw that has occurred both domestically and internationally to an increasing degree over the past halfcentury. The debates over the role of the dollar in the international econ omy, the future shape ofthe international monetary system and the exchange rate regime, the significance ofthe U.S. twin deficits, and the rise of nontariffbarriers to world trade deserve serious attention. Atthe bottom ofthese debates lie differing conceptions ofeconomic policy and the role of government in a free society. Adam Smith's vision ofa limited democracy operating to protect persons and prop erty has been increasinglyreplaced by a vision ofapaternalistic state that is designed to protect special interests at the expense of the larger society. Many of the contributors to this volume point to the lack oflong-run rules designed to promote sound money, fiscal integ rity, and open markets asthe fundamental flawofmodern democratic governments. Although the authors disagree on the specific rules to adopt, the consensus is that a constitutional perspective is needed to ensure astable worldorder. Moreover, since such aperspective must bedeveloped at home before it can spread among nations, the search for optimal international policy coordination is generally seen as misguided. Many ofthe essays in this volume were initially presented at the Cato Institute's Sixth Annual Monetary Conference held in Wash ington, D.C., February 25-26, 1988.
Download or read book Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows Some New Evidence written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2004-05-19 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NULL
Download or read book The International Role of the Dollar and Trade Balance Adjustment written by Linda S. Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pattern of international trade adjustment is affected by the continuing international role of the dollar and related evidence on exchange rate pass-through into prices. This paper argues that a depreciation of the dollar would have asymmetric effects on flows between the United States and its trading partners. With low exchange rate pass-through to U.S. import prices and high exchange rate pass-through to the local prices of countries consuming U.S. exports, the effect of dollar depreciation on real trade flows is dominated by an adjustment in U.S. export quantities, which increase as U.S. goods become cheaper in the rest of the world. Real U.S. imports are affected less because U.S. prices are more insulated from exchange rate movements -- pass-through is low and dollar invoicing is high. In relation to prices, the effects on the U.S. terms of trade are limited: U.S. exporters earn the same amount of dollars for each unit shipped abroad, and U.S. consumers do not encounter more expensive imports. Movements in dollar exchange rates also affect the international trade transactions of countries invoicing some of their trade in dollars, even when these countries are not transacting directly with the United States.
Download or read book The Effects of Exchange Rate Adjustments written by Peter B. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dominant Currency Paradigm A New Model for Small Open Economies written by Camila Casas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Download or read book Export Policy Oversight on the effect of floating exchange rates on U S exports written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Trade Balance written by Yuehje J. Hwa and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Exchange Rate Changes in Key Currencies on Trade written by Richard P. Mattione and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Trade Deficit Causes Consequences and Cures written by Albert E. Burger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On October 23 and 24, 1987, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis hosted its twelfth annual economic policy conference, "The U.S. Trade Deficit: Causes, Consequences, and Cures." This book contains the papers and comments delivered at that conference. A sharp decline in the value of the dollar against major foreign cur rencies began in March 1985 and continued through December 1987. Despite this decline, the U.S. trade deficit experienced considerable growth during this time. Many consider the simultaneous occurrence of these two events over so long a period to be a problem requiring a policy response. The conference addresses this issue. Various papers discuss the cause of the trade deficit, the reason for its size and persistence, its relation ship with other macroeconomic variables, its impact on other industrialized countries, and various policy proposals aimed at reducing the deficit. Session I Peter Hooper and Catherine L. Mann provide an analytical setting for the conference with their "The U.S. External Deficit: Its Causes and Persistence." Their observation that the unprecedentedly large U. S. trade imbalance is striking in both its size and its persistence could well be the subtitle of each of the papers presented. The macroeconomic studies, which Hooper and Mann summarize in their review of the existing literature, uniformly conclude that the deficit has not responded to fundamental macroeconomic determinants-relative U.S. income growth and the dollar's exchange rate-in the way that earlier, smaller U.S.
