Download or read book The Effect of Environmental Variables on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Type 304 Stainless Steel in High Temperature Water Environments written by Peter L. Andresen and published by . This book was released on 1979* with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries.The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. - Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC - Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels - Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace
Download or read book Analysis of the Effects of Corrosion Potential and Impurities on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel (SS) has been a recurrent problem in the high-temperature water environment of boiling-water-reactors (BWRs) over the past two decades. The synergistic effects of environmental and material variables on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Type 304 SS were investigated at 289°C by means of constant-extension-rate-tensile (CERT) tests at a strain rate of 1 x 10−6/s. Correlations among environmental variables (dissolved oxygen and impurity concentrations, viz., H2SO4, steady-state open-circuit electro-chemical potential) and the SCC susceptibility parameters have been determined. The extensive results over a wide range of open-circuit corrosion potential conditions were analyzed by a model which accounts for the effects of environmental variables, microstructure (e.g., degree of sensitization) and strain rate. The results are consistent with a slip-dissolution mechanism for SCC. Furthermore, representation of the dependence of corrosion potential and average crack growth rate on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water by a simple mathematical function, in conjunction with the theoretical model, enables predictions of both strain rate and environmental effects on the SCC susceptibility of sensitized Type 304 SS. 12 refs., 7 figs.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Material and Environmental Variables on SCC Initiation in Slow Strain Rate Tests on Type 304 Stainless Steel written by PL. Andresen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of low-level environmental impurities, test temperature, sensitization heat treatment, and surface condition on crack initiation have been examined in Type 304 stainless steel in constant extension rate stress corrosion cracking tests. Tests were conducted at 288, 200 and 125°C in pure water environments containing 0.2, 0.2, and 1.8 ppm of dissolved oxygen, respectively. At 288°C in highly sensitized specimens, cracks initiated at less than 20% of life in pure water, with impurities accelerating initiation. The bulk pH affected initiation and failure strains, while increasing conductivity at neutral pH affected only strain to failure. At lower temperatures or lesser degrees of sensitization, crack initiation occurred later in life and impurity additions had a stronger impact. Shot-peening reduced the strain to initiation in constant extension rate tests, most noticeably at 125°C. The minimal data available for comparison support the findings of this study.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Temperature and Ionic Impurities at Very Low Concentrations on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relative effect of approx. 12 anion species, in conjunction with hydrogen and sodium cations, on the stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) behavior of lightly sensitized Type 304 stainless steel was investigated in constant-extension-rate-tensile (CERT) tests at 289°C in water with 0.2 ppM dissolved oxygen at total conductivity values of less than or equal to 1 .mu. S/cm. The results show that the sulfur species, either in acid or sodium form, produce the highest degree of IGSCC relative to other anions. The effect of temperature on the SCC behavior of the material was investigated in CERT tests over the range 110 to 320°C in high-purity water and in water containing 0.1 and 1.0 ppM sulfate as H2SO4 at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.2 ppM. The CERT parameters were correlated with impurity concentration (i.e., conductivity) and the electrochemical potential of platinum and Type 304 stainless steel electrodes in the high-temperature environments. Maximum IGSCC occurred at temperatures between approx. 200 and 250°C in high-purity water, and the addition of sulfate increased the average crack growth rates and the temperature range over which maximum susceptibility occurred. A distinct transition from intergranular to transgranular and ultimately to a ductile failure mode was observed as the temperature increased from approx. 270 to 320°C in high-purity water. This transition was attributed to a decrease in the open-circuit corrosion potential of the steel below a critical value of approx. 0 mV(SHE) at the higher temperature. A large decrease in the crack growth rates of fracture-mechanics-type specimens of the steel was also found when the temperature was increased from 289 to 320°C in high-purity water with 0.2 ppM dissolved oxygen. 26 references, 8 figures, 6 tables.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prediction of Environmental and Strain rate Effects on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of austenitic stainless steels in high-temperature water is controlled by environmental variables (e.g., dissolved oxygen, corrosion potential, impurities), microstructure (e.g., degree of sensitization), and strain rate. A phenomenological model based on the slip-dissolution mechanism and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics is presented to quantitatively describe the effects of both environment-related parameters and strain rate on SCC in constant extension rate tests. The model predictions are in good agreement with the results of tests performed on Types 304, 316, and 316NG stainless steel at different strain rates in a wide variety of environments relevant to boiling-water reactors.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Susceptibility of Type 304 Stainless Steel to Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Simulated Savannah River Reactor Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of Type 304 stainless steel rate tests (CERT) of specimens machined was evaluated by constant extension from Savannah River Plant (SRP) decontaminated process water piping. Results from 12 preliminary CERT tests verified that IGSCC occurred over a wide range of simulated SRP envirorments. 73 specimens were tested in two statistical experimental designs of the central composite class. In one design, testing was done in environments containing hydrogen peroxide; in the other design, hydrogen peroxide was omitted but oxygen was added to the environment. Prediction equations relating IGSCC to temperature and environmental variables were formulated. Temperature was the most important independent variable. IGSCC was severe at 100 to 120C and a threshold temperature between 40C and 55C was identified below which IGSCC did not occur. In environments containing hydrogen peroxide, as in SRP operation, a reduction in chloride concentration from 30 to 2 ppB also significantly reduced IGSCC. Reduction in sulfate concentration from 50 to 7 ppB was effective in reducing IGSCC provided the chloride concentration was 30 ppB or less and temperature was 95C or higher. Presence of hydrogen peroxide in the environment increased IGSCC except when chloride concentration was 11 ppB or less. Actual concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide did not affect IGSCC. Large positive ECP values (+450 to +750 mV Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)) in simulated SRP environments containing hydrogen peroxide and were good agreement with ECP measurements made in SRP reactors, indicating that the simulated environments are representative of SRP reactor environments. Overall CERT results suggest that the most effective method to reduce IGSCC is to reduce chloride and sulfate concentrations.
Download or read book Alloys Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japanese Science and Technology 1983 1984 written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.
