Download or read book The Effect of Divided Attention on Multiple Object Tracking Performance written by Deana Vitrano and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Feedback on 3D Multiple Object Tracking Performance and Its Transferability to Other Attentional Tasks written by Chiara Perico and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Attentional processes play an integral role in learning, affecting performance on most cognitive tasks. In addition, feedback, defined as the instant information delivered to the individual that guides their subsequent behavior in relevant situations, plays a critical role in the efficiency and quality of learning. However, its effects are not often empirically assessed. Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) tasks can be used to objectively assess real world attention, and have been used as cognitive training paradigms geared at improving attentional abilities. With training, there is a significant improvement in MOT performance. However, little is known about the transferability of attentional capacities from MOT tasks to similar cognitive tasks. The goal of this study was thus to assess whether performance on attentional capacities acquired during training on a three-dimensional (3D) MOT task are transferrable to other measures of attention. The role of feedback was also investigated to determine whether performance, and its subsequent transferability to other measures, is affected by feedback. Forty typically developing adults participated in 4 testing sessions on consecutive days. On day 1 (or pretest session), intellectual and attentional abilities were assessed along with a baseline measure of MOT without feedback. Participants were then placed into 2 experimental groups and assessed for three subsequent days (days 2 through 4), with only one group received feedback during the MOT task trials; the other group received no feedback. On day 4, all participants were re-assessed on the same attentional measures as well as the MOT to determine improvements from day 1. MOT performance resulted significantly higher for the feedback group, as defined by an increased speed threshold for tracking 4 out of 8 items. The feedback group also revealed better transferability to other cognitive tasks. The results indicate that feedback is an important component during a learning regiment and that it may affect transferability of cognitive abilities." --

Download or read book The Impact of Shared Attention on Multiple Object Tracking in Competitive and Cooperative Settings written by Sydney Blaine Michelson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shared attention theory postulates that when simultaneously co-attending to a stimulus with a similar other, cognitive prioritization occurs that has both psychological and behavioral impact, with the ultimate goal of generating collective knowledge. A cooperative scenario occurs when a group's goal is linked such that one person's success is also another's. By contrast, a competitive scenario occurs when a group's goal is linked such that if one person succeeds, the other fails. The purpose of this thesis was to understand the effect of cooperative and competitive settings on shared attention in a performance domain. I hypothesized that cooperation would moderate the effect of shared attention on performance, such that during synchronous co-attention, a cooperative scenario (versus a competitive one) would increase and improve shared attention's influence on performance. This relationship was investigated in a study with 152 undergraduate participants, but the expected relationship was not found. There were no differences between groups in terms of performance on a multiple object tracking task. Subjective experience results are also discussed.

Download or read book Multiple Object Tracking Across Social Contexts written by James Myrick Bramlett and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of social context on multiple object tracking performance. In both experiments participants performed the task alongside a confederate or alone. In the social conditions participants performed either simultaneous or took turns. Object tracking tasks were separated into two trial blocks with a distraction task performed intermittently, allowing for congruent task order between all conditions. Results were interpreted using the theories of shared attention, social facilitation, and joint action. We predicted that performing the task simultaneously would result in increased performance due to greater allocation of cognitive resources, as would be predicted by shared attention theory. This was found to not be the case. These studies did however produce various surprising results relating to block and gendered effects, perceived closeness, as well as passive learning.

Download or read book Mindfulness Modulated Attention with Neurofeedback in Multiple Object Tracking written by Jennifer M. Brennan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention determines what we selectively perceive out of all available stimuli. The multiple-object tracking paradigm is a way of examining divided attention for object tracking in a complex visual scene. Mindfulness is a broad term for a set of diverse and specific methods for distinct attentional engagement and is one technique for increasing visual attentional ability and decreasing distractibility. Neurofeedback can be a way of enhancing mindfulness training for novice participants. This study examined the relationship between attention and mindfulness with neurofeedback through performance on a multiple-object tracking task and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. We examined the effectiveness of using a brief mindfulness session to bring about state mindfulness and cognitive enhancement. All participants (N=90) performed a session of the multiple-object tracking task before and after either a mindfulness or relaxation intervention. Additionally half of the participants in the mindfulness training condition received neurofeedback. Results demonstrated that a single, brief mindfulness training session with neurofeedback was successful in increasing divided attention ability and was sufficient for bringing about an increased mindfulness state. An effect of mindfulness without neurofeedback on attention was not found. Results have implications for the use of brief mindfulness practices in a laboratory setting that could be applicable to a real world setting and the feasibility of neurofeedback as a mindfulness training tool.

Download or read book Effects of Selective and Divided Attention Arise from Either Serial Or Parallel Processing Depending on the Task written by Miranda Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual attention involves selecting relevant information for further processing. In selective attention, a single stimulus is selected while distractors are filtered out. In divided attention, multiple stimuli are selected. Both types of visual attention have been described by two competing theories: selective perception or selective decision. Selective perception can be described as a process in which attention enhances perceptual encoding. Selective decision can be described as a process in which attention influences decision making. Within these two broad theories, there are specific models. This dissertation focuses on distinguishing serial models of attention, in which only a single stimulus is processed at a time, and parallel models of attention, in which multiple stimuli are processed at the same time. The first two experiments of this dissertation asked whether selective attention is accounted for by a serial or a parallel process. In the first experiment, selective attention to Gabor patches was measured using the partially valid cueing paradigm where a cue indicated the location where a stimulus was most likely to appear. Results of this experiment indicate that selective attention for simple stimuli, such as Gabor patches, is consistent with selective decision and a model that assumes parallel processing for perception. In the second experiment, selective attention to masked words was measured using partially valid cueing. For this more complex stimulus, selective attention was consistent with an all-or-none serial model for perception. The final experiment asked whether divided attention to moving stimuli is accounted for by the all-or-none serial model or fixed-capacity parallel model . Divided attention was measured using the multiple object tracking paradigm. Results of this experiment were not consistent with either model, but elaborations of either model can account for the results. Together, the results of this dissertation indicate that the mechanisms underlying selective and divided attention depend on the stimulus being attended.

Download or read book Rapport du Comit pr paratoire pour la cr ation d une Cour criminelle internationale written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Video Games as Tools to Achieve Insight into Cognitive Processes written by Walter R. Boot and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though traditionally designed for entertainment, video games are being used more and more by psychologists to understand topics such as skill acquisition, cognitive capacity and plasticity, aging, individual differences, and development. The appeal of using video games over simpler laboratory paradigms partly comes from their ability to present rich and complex cognitive challenges more representative of the demands of the complex everyday tasks we perform outside of the laboratory. However, this complexity also presents a host of methodological and analytic challenges. This Research Topic brings together research using games to explore cognitive processes, with a special focus on the challenges of this approach. Challenges are in terms of design, implementation, or data analysis.

Download or read book Handbook of Human Multitasking written by Andrea Kiesel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-12 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook on human multitasking provides an integrative overview on simultaneous and sequential multitasking and thus combines theorizing on dual task limitations as well as costs related to task switching. In addition to a wide range of empirical findings and their theoretical integration, the editors provide a number of applications of multitasking, like training, interindividual differences and applied research in traffic and health psychology and music expertise. The book is suitable for people interested in multitasking, that is, for researchers and graduate students of cognitive psychology, movement science, sport psychology, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive and neurological rehabilitation, aging sciences, and broader cognitive science.

Download or read book The Influence of Design relevant Parameters on Multiple Object Tracking Performance written by John Bernard Chattoe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research was motivated by the need to anticipate the attentional demands and design factors that are involved in planned display applications for Global Situation Awareness. This motivation led to the following question: What are the practical design parameters that influence performance in multiple-object tracking? A pilot study and three experiments, involving a total of 82 participants, were used to investigate this question, employing adaptations of the Sears and Pylyshyn (2000) multiple-object tracking task. Perceptual speed, as measured by the 'Hidden Patterns Test' (HPT), was used to evaluate experimental participants' combined Executive Working Memory (EWM) and Visuospatial Working Memory (VWM) capacity. In Experiment 1, employing object speeds from 4 to 8 degrees per second, participants with high HPT scores, responded faster than participants with medium and low scores. These differences were insensitive to increased numbers of targets (3 to 4) and distractors (4, 8 and 12). Response time decreased for high HDP scoring participants only, over a sequence of 8 blocks of a5 trials per block, but with no reduction in tracking accuracy. Tracking accuracy for targets decreased with increasing numbers of distractors and was higher for high HDP scoring participants. Two design recommendations are identified for global situation awareness displays involving tracking multiple moving objects: (1) minimize display complexity (the number of displayed moving objects and background map clutter) and (2) reduce task complexity (e.g. map referencing) to enhance multiple-object tracking performance and message handling complexity to reduce mental workload. The research also supported the use of personnel selection as a method of obtaining a sufficient level of MOT performance based on differences in working memory capacity for map scales of 1:10,000 and below, and viewing distances of less than 50 cm, where object speeds are likely to be high relative to the field of view presented in the map. Finally, the research also demonstrated the value of practice in developing skill with tasks in global situation displays involving multiple-object tracking. In Experiment 2, with object speeds reduced to 1-4 degrees per second, a high clutter background map, reduced response time but did not affect tracking accuracy. Response time and tracking accuracy were not influenced by differences at HDP pattern scores. A secondary task involving referencing the behavior of a moving object relative to a feature on the map reduced both response time and tracking accuracy. Experiment 3 involved the addition of a secondary task that loaded phonological working memory. The addition of the secondary message retention task, at two levels of difficulty, did not affect tracking response time or tracking accuracy but increased mental workload.

Download or read book Object based Attention written by Zachary Raymond Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective attention improves information processing for a subset of relevant information, usually at the expense of irrelevant information. Visual information can be selected on the basis of a particular spatial location, feature, or object. Selective attention has been shown to modulate the response of sensory neurons encoding the selected feature. Feature- and object-based attention make competing prediction when an observer is asked to attend to a single feature within an object. Feature-based attention predicts that only the task-relevant feature will be selected, and thus the neural response to the task-irrelevant features will be suppressed. Object-based attention predicts that all of the object's features will be selected, and thus attentional modulation will spread to the task-irrelevant. Using a transparent motion stimulus composed of two overlapping dot fields with unique color-motion conjunctions, we measured the independent responses to each surface-features with fMRI. Attention modulated the response to both surface features consistent with object-based selection. Our fMRI result led to the following prediction: if all features of a relevant object are selected, then it should be easier to divided attention across features within an object versus between two objects. Using a dual-task paradigm, we found no perceptual cost to dividing attention within a surface but a large perceptual cost to dividing attention between surfaces. Surprisingly, when attention was divided between surfaces, subjects became more susceptible to distractors in the other surface. Together, these results suggest that object-based attention selects all features of a relevant object, which makes it difficult to filter distractors when dividing attention across multiple objects.

Download or read book Multiple Task Performance written by D Damos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with theories of multiple-task performance and focuses on learning and performance. It is primarily for professionals in human factors, psychology, or engineering who are interested in multiple-task performance but have no formal training in the area.

Download or read book Multiple Object Tracking and the Division of the Attentional Spotlight in a Realistic Tracking Environment written by Martin J. Lochner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Induced Stress Upon Multiple Object Tracking Research in Support of the Cognitive Readiness Initiative written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to filter distracting information and selectively attend to relevant information is critical to effective performance on the battlefield. In addition to the cognitive processing burden imposed upon soldiers, the effects of stress upon soldier cognition and action must also be accounted for in evaluating individual warfighting capabilities. The current study examines the relationship between stress and cognition by measuring performance on a multiple-object tracking (MOT) task after exposure to stress-inducing photographs. Postexposure performance revealed significant decrements in MOT accuracy relative to pre-exposure measures and to a non-stressed control group. The stressed group also revealed greater scores on the anxiety, depression, hostility, dysphoria, and sensation seeking scales of the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (MAACLR) relative to controls, indicating that the stimuli effectively stressed this subset of participants. The impact of stress on attentional selection has implications for warfighting effectiveness, especially in urban settings where non-combatants are interspersed with enemy targets.

Download or read book Handbook of Applied Cognition written by Francis T. Durso and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-06 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a team of leading international researchers under the guidance of Frank Durso, the second edition of the Handbook of Applied Cognition brings together the latest research into this challenging and important field, and is presented across thirty stimulating and accessible chapters. Stewarded by experiences editors from around the globe, the handbook has been fully updated with eleven new chapters covering materials that focus on the topics critical to understanding human mental functions in complex environments. It is an essential single-source reference for researchers, cognitive engineers and applied cognitive psychologists, as well as advanced students in the flourishing field of applied cognition.

Download or read book Computation Cognition and Pylyshyn written by Don Dedrick and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zenon Pylyshyn is a towering figure in cognitive science; his book "Computation and Cognition" (MIT Press, 1984) is a foundational presentation of the relationship between cognition and computation. His recent work on vision and its preconceptual mechanism has been influential and controversial. In this book, leading cognitive scientists address major topics in Pylyshyn's work and discuss his contributions to the cognitive sciences. Contributors discuss vision, considering such topics as multiple-object tracking, action, molecular and cellular cognition, and inhibition of return; and foundational issues, including connectionism, modularity, the evolution of the perception of number, computation, cognitive architecture, location, and visual sensory representations of objects.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Attention written by Kia Nobre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention at the network as well as the cellular level. The Oxford Handbook of Attention brings together the different research areas that constitute contemporary attention research into one comprehensive and authoritative volume. In 40 chapters, it covers the most important aspects of attention research from the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, human and animal neuroscience, computational modelling, and philosophy. The book is divided into 4 main sections. Following an introduction from Michael Posner, the books starts by looking at theoretical models of attention. The next two sections are dedicated to spatial attention and non-spatial attention respectively. Within section 4, the authors consider the interactions between attention and other psychological domains. The last two sections focus on attention-related disorders, and finally, on computational models of attention. Aimed at both scholars and students, the Oxford Handbook of Attention provides a concise and state-of-the-art review of the current literature in this field.