Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Fat Supplementation on the Reproductive Performance of Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Ian Andrew Hutchinson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids on Metabolism and Reproductive Function of Dairy Cows written by Eurídice Castañeda-Gutiérrez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diet by Supplemental Fat Interactions in Dairy Cattle written by Silvia G. Onetti and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review on Effect of Feeding Dairy Cow with Protected Fat and Protein on milk Yield and its Composition written by Tamene Bayisa and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Veterinary medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, language: English, abstract: Objective of this review is focus on effect of feeding protected fat and protected protein on milk yield and its composition and how these nutrients are protected. Many researchers in this review investigate that the responses are highly dependent on the type of fat and protein supplement and the stage of lactation. A higher milk response was observed with saturated than with unsaturated fat supplements. Diet with added fat increase milk production compared with a control diet without added fat in cows. Feeding of bypass fat resulted in significant increase in milk yield and Fat Corrected Milk yield particularly in early lactation. The source of Protected fat are (origin (animal, plant, processed or whole oilseeds, calcium salts) and Cereal Grains such as corn, wheat, Barly, oil seeds, sun flower, cotton seed, soybeans and canola). The supplementation of protected protein in the diets of lactating animals increases the milk yield due to proportionate increase in the supply of amino acids to the host postruminally Milk yield in cows fed protected methionine for the whole experimental period was numerically higher than in cows of the other groups. However, the difference was not statistically significant .At the centeral high land of Ethiopia the Treatment of shredded wheat and barley straw with urea, molasses, salt and water prior to feeding is a technology that should be considered . Cows with excessive body tissue mobilisation at this stage may take up to 20 weeks to regain a positive energy balance status. Key words milk yield, composition ,protected fat , protein protected
Download or read book Investigating the Behavior of Fatty Acids and Fat Supplements in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle and the Effects on Milk Fat Production written by Reilly Pierce and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary fat is an important component on the diets of lactating dairy cattle. Concentration of dietary fat can be increase by feeding oilseeds or enriched fat supplements which allows cattle to partition energy differently which can lead to increases in milk fat concentration, milk fat yield, or milk yield. One common oilseed fed to dairy cattle is cottonseed, as it is high in fiber but also relatively high in fat compared to other common feedstuffs. Fat supplements are very high in fat (>95%) but are more expensive so dairy producers often strike a balance and may feed both fat supplements and oilseeds to dairy cattle. The first objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of cottonseed on milk production in dairy cattle. Previous research feeding cottonseed fed inclusion rates of cottonseed in excess of 15% of dry matter intake (DMI), but cattle were producing less milk and consuming less so therefore, the actual mass of the cottonseed consumed may not be as high as contemporary dairy cattle. This thesis fed cottonseed at up to 9.9% of DMI and found that cottonseed inclusion into the diets of multiparous cattle did not affect milk yield or milk composition but led to a decrease in DMI indicating that it could be safely fed to mature cows. In primiparous cattle, cottonseed inclusion induced milk fat-depression, indicating that the level of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet was greater than the biohydrogenation potential of the ruminal microbes of these animals. The second part of this thesis was to examine the effects of increased concentrations of an unsaturated fatty acid (cis-9 C18:1; oleic acid) in a prilled fat supplement on the milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Previous research suggests that oleic acid may increase digestibility of dietary fatty acids and consequently increase the amount of preformed fat for milk fat synthesis. This experiment indicated that fat supplementation in multiparous cows may decrease milk yield and DMI but was no effect of increased levels of oleic acid on other production components in dairy cattle. Further investigation of the data collected for each half of the thesis is required to determine the effects on the respective methods of fat supplementation on fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cattle.
Download or read book The Effect of Feeding High Levels of Protected Tallow Supplements on Performance and Lipolytic Capacity of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Helaine Joy Burstein and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fat Supplementation with Different Fatty Acid Profiles on Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cattle written by Ming He and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Designing Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.
Download or read book Reproductive Performance and Milk Urea Nitrogen in Dairy Cows Supplemented with Fat written by Marcel Frajblat and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feeding Supplemental Fat to Enhance Fertility in the Dairy Cow written by Amy Mowrey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically speaking, fertility has decreased and milk yield has increased in modern dairy cows. This has led to a large amount of research focusing on increasing pregnancy rate in lactating cows. Some believe that an increase in nutrients fed to early lactation dairy cows is required for high milk production and reproductive function. To test this hypothesis researchers have tried to increase the energy density of the diet or to feed different types of fat (an energy dense nutrient). Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of type and amount of fat fed to lactating dairy cows on fermentation, production and reproductive function. The first experiment compared a control diet (no supplemental fat) to type of raw soybean (cracked or ground) and a rumen inert fat source. Each diet was fed to four rumen-cannulated midlactation dairy cows. The only fermentation parameter affected by diet was the solids passage rate, which decreased for the cracked soybean diet. Reproductive parameters were unchanged by dietary treatments. The second set of experiments tested these diets and others for a longer period of time using more animals. One hundred and fifty-two early lactation dairy cows were fed different levels of fat in a study completed over two years (Year One (Y1) n 84; Year Two (Y2) n = 68). Year One cows were fed a control diet, one with added soybeans, or one containing a rumen-inert fat product. Pretreatment and experimental milk yield were significantly higher for cows fed the control and soybean diets. This was due to random assignment of lower BW cows to the treatment containing the rumen inert fat product. We concluded that no difference due to treatment occurred but instead the difference was due to BW differences. During Y2 cows were fed a control diet or three diets increasing in soybean content. Milk protein percentage decreased as soybeans were added to the diet. Other production parameters were similar across treatments. Plasma cholesterol at week 10 of lactation and amount of total fatty acids in plasma increased with increasing soybean content. Number of estrous cycles for cows fed the lowest soybean diet during Y2 was the only significant change in the reproductive parameters measured for both years. In summary, early lactation dairy cows maintained intake and milk production levels similar to control cows when fed supplemental fat, after taking BW into account. Small changes were noted in plasma fatty acid content and cholesterol during Y2, but these increases were not translated into increases in progesterone concentration or changes in reproductive efficiency or function.
Download or read book Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay written by Bernard Jaffe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 1071 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay, Second Edition is a compilation of radioimmunoassay techniques for the quantification of hormones. Various kinds of hormones are considered, namely: intracellular messengers; hypothalamic and pineal hormones; pituitary hormones; thyroid and parathyroid hormones; renal hormones; hormones of the gastrointestinal tract; pancreatic hormones; steroid hormones; uterine and placental hormones; vasoactive peptide hormones; and growth factors. The corresponding method of radioimmunoassay for each hormone is described. This book is comprised of 49 chapters and begins with a discussion on the radioimmunoassay of cyclic adenosine-3',5-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-3,5'-monophosphate (cGMP), together with problems related to measuring both compounds. The reader is then introduced to prostaglandins and prostaglandin metabolites, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Pituitaty gonadotropins, prolactin, and thyrotropin are also discussed. The remaining chapters deal with hormones of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic hormones, steroid hormones, and growth factors. This monograph is intended for both clinicians and investigators interested in methods of hormone radioimmunoassay.
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Lactation Performance Tissue Gene Expression and Reproduction in Dairy Cows written by Leandro Ferreira Greco and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstrated that feeding a diet containing a ratio of 4 parts of n-6 to 1 part of n-3 FA increased intake and yields of milk and milk components. Diets containing more n-3 FA attenuated the inflammatory response after an intramammary LPS challenge. Finally, chapter 6 documented that feeding more n-3 FA increased the incorporation of these FA into the endometrial tissue, which downregulated mRNA expression of ERS1, OTR, PGFS, PGES, COX2, and attenuated the amplitude of prostaglandin pulses. Collectively, the studies presented in this dissertation provide new insights on the role of dietary FA on dairy cow production, metabolism, and health.
Download or read book The Use of Lactation Curves to Evaluate the Effects of Rumen inert Fat Supplementation to High producing Holstein Cattle Already Receiving High Levels of Dietary Fat written by Troy A. Scott and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Pre and Postpartum Supplementation of Fat and Niacinduring Warm and Cool Seasons on Lactation Performance and Lipid Metabolism Indairy Cows written by Todd Christen Skaar and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Fat Supplementation on Aspects of Reproductive Performance in the Sow written by Fiona M. Doolan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Manipulate Milk Fat Synthesis and Fat Storage in Dairy Cows as a Means of Improving Animal Health Production and Reproductive Performance at Various Stages of Lactation written by Jillian Marie Havlin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fat metabolism in dairy cows is highly variable over the course of lactation as well as among cows at a similar stage of lactation. Manipulating the ration of dairy cows is a useful tool for modifying fat metabolism, particularly how cows partition fat for milk fat synthesis versus storage as an energy source. Transition cows (i.e., cows approaching calving and beginning to lactate) experiences a negative energy balance (NEB), making them highly susceptible to a large range of post-partum health problems (e.g. ketosis, fatty liver, displaced abomasum) and reduced milk production. Therefore ability to abate severe NEB in transition cows through nutritional modifications would be a very efficacious. Ruminally-protected niacin (RPNi) is a lipolytic B-vitamin that may be able to block lipolysis during severe NEB, thereby reducing the incidence of ketosis and other post-partum diseases. To evaluate effects of feeding RPNi to post-partum cows, 997 fresh cows (i.e., cows between 1 and 28 days in milk (DIM)) were fed niacin, in the form of nicotinic acids (NA) for the first 14 to 28 DIM at one of 4 treatment levels (0, 3.5, 7, 14 g NA/cow/d). After 28 DIM cows were moved from fresh pens to early lactation pens where they remained until 150 DIM, and no RPNi was fed. At the lower dose of RPNi (i.e., 3.5 g NA) cows experienced an improvement in milk (P=0.10), fat (P=0.11), and energy yield (P=0.07) while on treatment, but when RPNi was removed from the ration milk (P=0.04), fat (P=0.10) and energy yields (P=0.06) decreased, compared to Control cows. Cows treated with low dose RPNi experienced a 16.3% decrease in prevalence of ketosis (P=0.06) and a 2.2 kg increase in dry matter (DM) intake (P=0.07) during the fresh period. The BCS of cows did not differ during the fresh period. Although the BCS of low dose RPNi cows decreased more (P=0.01) after moving to the high cow pen, BCS did not differ at 138 DIM. Conversely, cows treated with the higher dose PRNi (i.e., 14 g NA) experienced a decrease in milk (P=0.10), fat (P=0.11), and energy yields (P=0.07) while on treatment, but when RPNi treatment ended milk (P=0.04), fat (P=0.10), and milk energy (P=0.06) increased, with eventual convergence with Control cows. The high dose of RPNi did not affect ketosis prevalence, DM intake or BCS in the fresh pen. While Control cows began to regain BCS at the third sampling, high dose RPNi cows continued to lose BCS over the third (P=0.04) and fourth (P=0.10) BCS sampling in the high pens. The absence of change in BCS and blood NEFA levels indicates that the low dose of RPNi did not reduce lipolysis in adipose, but did aid in shifting the metabolism of NEFA away from ketogenesis towards the more efficient tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby reducing ketosis and increasing milk production yields. It is likely that high level RPNi feeding initially blocked lipolysis, but to an extent that cows were pushed in to very severe NEB, resulting in the decreased DM intake and maintained high ketosis prevalence. As feeding RPNi at any level had minimal effect on BCS and no effect on prevalence of NEB, no change in fertility parameters was as expected. After cows traverse the fresh pen, and progress through lactation, the metabolic focus shifts towards increasing and maintaining high productivity. One of the most common ways to improve milk production is by feeding fat to improve the NE density of the ration. Although not all dietary lipids have the same effects on fat utilization in the cow, particularly milk production and fat storage, two of the key components of dietary fat that have the greatest effect are the fat level of the ration and its saturation. To examine how these two parameters effect milk production metabolism, especially milk fat yield and BCS, three rations were fed to early lactation cows: A low fat control ration (LFC), and two isocaloric "high fat" rations, where one was high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from corn oil (HFU), and the second was high in saturated fat due to inclusion of a rumen-inert Ca-salt of fatty acids (HFS). Cows fed the HFS ration had increased milk, fat, protein, and milk energy yields (P
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutritional Supplements on Biological Processes in Dairy Cows written by Claudio Fabian Vargas-Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of nutritional supplements to generate responses in productive animals at different physiological stages, and their interaction with the particular gastrointestinal tract of ruminants have created the necessity to explore effects beyond productivity. Modulation of immune function and inflammatory processes, modifications of nutrient metabolism, and interactions with the ruminal microbial population are effects attributed to supplements that encouraged the formulation of the set of experiments described in this dissertation. The first experiment was designed to test the effects of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids supplemented in milk replacer for Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period on the immune system, lipid and glucose metabolism, and growth performance when animals underwent a vaccination protocol. Neither supplemental fatty acid source affected productivity, cytokine production, antibody production, or CD4 and CD8 cell proliferation. A treatment effect on glucose and NEFA plasma concentration was observed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly DHA, lowered glucose and NEFA levels compared to control; moreover, a dose effect was observed indicating that increasing amounts of PUFA decreased plasma glucose level. The second experiment tested the effects of Co carbonate (CoCarb) and Co glucoheptonate (CoGH) at different concentrations of Co on in vitro fermentation rate, fermentation end-products, and DM and NDF disappearance. Dry matter and NDF disappearance increased with CoGH relative to CoCarb at 1.0 ppm Co or less. CoCarb at> 3.0 ppm appeared to stimulate the biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids whereas CoGH had limited effects on this process. Finally, the third study evaluated responses to chromium propionate during peak lactation and interactions between chromium and rumen-protected lysine and methionine. Chromium propionate increased feed intake and tended to increase energy-corrected milk yield. Primiparous cows showed greater responses in feed intake and milk protein yield than multiparous cows. In this study, feeding chromium propionate near peak lactation increased feed intake and tended to increase productivity but no benefits of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and methionine were observed. Overall, nutritional supplements helped to regulate different biological functions in ruminants; their utilization is not always is feasible, but the results of these experiments provide guidance about effectiveness during different physiological situations.
