Download or read book The Effect of Depth of Planting of Soybeans and Leaching of Herbicides by Irrigation to Weed Control and Soybean Injury written by K. George Verghese and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soybean Glycine Max Weed Control Systems and the Effects of Herbicides and Depth of Planting on Soybean Injury written by Robert Brent Westerman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weed Control Soybean Injury and Soybean Yield Effects of Common Postemergence Herbicides written by Comfort M. Ateh and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Weed Control Treatments on Irrigated ESPS Soybean Yield and Net Return written by Larry G. Heatherley and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Degrees Granted written by University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Graduate School and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Row Spacing Plant Population and Varieties on Both Irrigated and Non Irrigated Soybean Glycine Max L Merrill Production written by Frank William Pearsall and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interaction of Ozone and Herbicides in Soybeans written by Raj Bahadur and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weed Interference and Control for Soybean Production on Alluvial Portageville Clay written by Joanna Keng-hsin Hsu and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Plant Cutting and Burndown Herbicides on Weed Management in Double crop Soybeans Following Winter Wheat written by Colton P. Carmody and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The agricultural practice of 'double-cropping,' harvesting two crops from the same piece of land in a single growing season, is a popular practice in Southern Illinois where growers often plant soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) soon after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis L. Cronq.) competition and lack of control can cause detrimental effects on yield for double-crop producers in Illinois due to the development of multiple herbicide resistance in this weed species. To combat this problem of herbicide resistance, new herbicide-tolerant soybean technologies and new herbicide formulations have been developed, but these technologies will quickly lose efficacy unless stewarded properly. Therefore, our objective for this study was to evaluate the control of horseweed and other weeds and crop yield as influenced by weed-cutting height, herbicide treatments, timing of herbicide application in three studies (a greenhouse study and in-crop and non-crop field studies) with the goal of improving weed management in double-crop soybean. Data obtained from the non-crop study that focused on the evaluation of different cutting heights, herbicide treatments and application timings was observed to be significantly different by weed species evaluated: horseweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.). Horseweed control and biomass accumulation was observed to be strongly influenced by cutting height, where cutting to 15 cm resulted in the greatest control efficacy and reduction in overall biomass irrespective of herbicide treatment used. While application timing following cutting in relation to control efficacy and biomass accumulation was only observed to be significant based upon the translocation properties of the herbicide applied, i.e. contact or systemic. Differences in the perennial weed species Canada goldenrod were observed compared to horseweed; cutting in combination with herbicide treatments resulted in a decrease in control compared to herbicide applications made to noncut Canada goldenrod plants. Data obtained in this study suggest that cutting in combination with the use of effective burndown herbicides may lead to increased control of certain weed species and could be a component of herbicide technology stewardship in double-crop soybeans. The in-crop study focused on evaluating yield potential of burndown herbicides in double-crop soybean systems. Observations from this study revealed that similarly to full-season beans, yield in double-crop soybeans was limited dependent upon the burndown herbicide programs ability to achieve broad-spectrum weed control. When effective burndown herbicides dicamba, glufosinate, and paraquat were combined with herbicides that possessed the ability to provide soil residual activity, such as saflufenacil, chlorimuron, chloransulam, metribuzin, sulfentrazone or flumioxazin, yield potential was maximized compared to these active ingredients applied as standalone treatments. Data from this study further stresses the importance of utilizing multiple effective sites of actions to achieve higher yields while maintaining good herbicide stewardship practices.

Download or read book Mitigating Herbicide Impacts to Soybean written by Grant Lawson Priess and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidity in evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds and the resulting cost to U.S. farmers demonstrate the need to responsibly steward the limited number of herbicides available in agricultural systems. To reduce weed emergence and likewise added selection pressures placed on herbicides, early-season crop canopy formation has been promoted. However, impacts to soybean following a potentially injurious herbicide application have not been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to determine whether: 1) soybean injury from metribuzin or flumioxazin delayed canopy formation or changed the incidence of pathogen colonization; 2) residual herbicides applied preplant reduced the potential for soybean injury and achieved the same longevity of weed control as herbicides applied at planting; 3) POST-applied acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides alone and in combination with glufosinate delayed canopy formation or impacted grain yield. Few interactions between herbicides and soil-borne pathogens were observed. Results from various experiments showed that soybean canopy formation was delayed after an application of preemergence (PRE)-residual herbicides and postemergence (POST)-foliar-active herbicides. However, delays in crop canopy formation caused by a PRE application of metribuzin and flumioxazin were only observed in varieties with sensitivity to the herbicide. Soybean injury caused by PRE applications were mitigated by applying herbicides 14 days prior to planting. Treatments that were applied 14 days prior to planting and contained an effective herbicide with a half-life greater than 70 days suffered no reduction in longevity of Palmer amaranth control when compared to the same herbicide applied at planting. POST-applied herbicides delayed soybean canopy formation relative to the amount of injury present following application. Delays in canopy formation can result in a lengthened period of weed emergence, subsequently increasing the need for additional weed control and increasing selection pressure on sequentially applied herbicides. Nomenclature: Flumioxazin, glufosinate, metribuzin, Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats., soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. Key words: Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, canopy formation, half-life, herbicide-resistance weeds, POST foliar-active herbicide, preplant, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides, PRE-residual herbicide, soil-borne pathogen, soybean injury.

Download or read book Some Effects of Planting Depths and of Herbicide Treatments on Morning Glory and Soybean Seedlings written by Helio Campos-Giral and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Soil applied Herbicide and Pathogen Interaction on Upregulation of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Soybean written by Rhett Stolte and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure of crop plants to stress or injury, such as soybean injury by PPO-inhibitor herbicide, may stimulate the upregulation of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and reduce plant susceptibility to other stressors, such as disease-causing pathogens. Field and laboratory studies were initiated to evaluate the upregulation of SAR, examining the effects of PPO-inhibiting herbicide treatment on Sudden Death Syndrome incidence and severity in soybean and the relationship of disease incidence and severity related to stand count and yield with various population densities. A two-year field study was established in Shawneetown, IL to evaluate grain yield and disease potential of soybean cultivars which are either sensitive or tolerant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitor herbicides, with seed either treated with insecticide, thiamethoxam and fungicides, fludioxonil and mefanoxam (Upshot) and biological fungicide Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (Avonni) (biological fungicide) or non-treated. The seeds were planted at six different seeding rates: 197,684; 247,105; 296,526; 345,947; 395,368; 444,789; with the controls planted at a density of 345,947 seeds ha−1 in a 2 × 2 × 7 factorial study design. Field experiments were planted on April 25, 2016 and May 6, 2017 in 76 cm, 4-row plots measuring 3m by 7m, and herbicide was applied to treated plots over the center 2 rows. Data collection included crop injury at 14, 28 and 56 days after treatment (DAT), stand count at 14 and 28 (DAT), plant height and node count at end-of-season (EOS), and disease incidence and severity ratings beginning at the onset of symptomology. Yield data was collected from the center two treated rows. All plots, except the non-treated controls, received an application of sulfentrazone + cloransulam-methyl (316 g ai ha−1). In 2016 the greatest crop injury, categorized by stunting, at 14 DAT occurred in the PPO-tolerant seed variety without a fungicide and insecticide seed treatment at 4.2% planted at 444,789 seeds/ha. At 28 DAT with means pooled over seed treatment and seed variety, we observed the 197,684 seeds/ha plots having greatest crop injury at 5.25%, and lastly at 56 DAT, the 197,684 and 247,105 seeds/ha plots containing untreated, PPO-sensitive seed were the most injured at 12% crop injury. In 2017, 14 DAT was excluded from the analysis, as there was no injury at the time of rating. At 28 DAT, the PPO-sensitive seed variety, pooled over seed treatment, at 197,684 seeds/ha resulted in greater crop injury at 8.6%, similar to 2016. At 56 DAT, similar results were observed as in 2016, at 12% crop injury in the PPO-sensitive seed variety without a seed treatment planted at 197,684 seeds/ha. There were differences in stand count by seeding rate at 14 and 28 DAT, but no interactive effects between the factors in 2016; seed treatment and seed variety were not significant. However, in 2017, there were differences in stand count by seed variety and seed treatment at 14 and 28 DAT, but again, no interactive effects between factors. Relationships between stand count and seeding rate indicated a threshold at which the environment cannot sustain higher planting densities. Environmental conditions were more favorable for crop growth in 2016 than 2017. Rainfall 10 days following planting was recorded at 67 mm and 290 mm in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Soybean node counts in 2016 were greater in the PPO-tolerant variety were seed was treated with a fungicide and insecticide seed treatment. In 2017, node counts were not influenced by seed treatment or seed variety; however, the greatest number of nodes were in the 444,789 seeds/ha planting population. Disease was more prominent in the high-density plots than in the low-density plots, as would be expected because of the effects of competitive stress on plant susceptibility to pathogens as well as more plants to be infected by the pathogen. Sudden Death Syndrome disease incidence (scale of 0 to 100%) in 2016 ranged from 1.2 to 25.5 across rating dates, while severity (scale of 0 to 9 based on leaf symptomology) ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 across rating dates. In 2017 disease incidence ranged from 0 to 25.0 across all rating dates, and disease severity ranged from 0 to 1.6 across all rating dates. Yield in 2016 ranged from 3,449.8 kg/ha to 4,060.3 kg/ha with the highest yield in the PPO-tolerant variety and the lowest in the -sensitive variety. However, in 2017, yield was lowest in the 197,684 plants/ha treatments at 1,509.1 kg/ha and highest in the 444,789 plants/ha treatments at 4,053.9 kg/ha. Significant varietal and seed treatment differences were also noted in 2017. A growth chamber study consisting of 18 treatments to evaluate an induction of SAR in soybean following exposure to sulfentrazone in PPO-sensitive and -tolerant cultivars. Each treatment was analyzed to quantify pathogen infection. Treatments were also analyzed for the upregulation of SAR genes to evaluate the potential induction of systemic acquired resistance in treated and untreated seed accessions of PPO-sensitive and -tolerant cultivars in response to infections by Fusarium virguliforme, Pythium irregulare, and Rhizoctonia solani following exposure to sulfentrazone. Soil was inoculated with F. virguliforme, P. irregulare and R. solani and planting was done one day after inoculation using AG 4034 and AG 4135, PPO- (sulfentrazone) sensitive and tolerant cultivars, respectively. F. virguliforme DNA levels (351.98 picograms of fungal DNA/200 mg of root tissue) were highest in the PPO-sensitive variety with a seed treatment and an herbicide application. P. irregulare levels were sproradic; regardless of seed treatment, fungal DNA levels were only different in the PPO-sensitive variety with seed treatment and herbicide application at 95.92 picograms of fungal DNA/200 mg of root tissue. All non-inoculated samples produced minute levels of Pythium DNA. R. solani levels were only statistically different in the treatment containing: untreated, PPO-sensitive seed that was non-inoculated. Gene expression levels were greatest in the PPO-tolerant variety. NPR1 expression was greatest in the PPO-tolerant variety with an application of sulfentrazone at 27.26-fold-change over ubiquitin, statistically different from the PPO-tolerant variety without an application of sulfentrazone and the PPO-sensitive variety with an application of sulfentrazone. The expression of the NIMIN1 gene showed no difference between treatments for either PPO-tolerant or -sensitive variety. The PPO-tolerant seed, inoculated with P. irregularrre and treated with sulfentrazone resulted in 0.02-fold change, statistically different from all other treatments except, PPO-sensitive seed without sulfetrazone at 0.33-fold change when EREBP was the gene of interest. The PPO-tolerant variety with an application of sulfentrazone was significantly different from the PPO-sensitive variety with an application of sulfentrazone at 13.8 and 0.69- fold change, respectively in regard to EDS1 being the gene of interest. Looking at PAD4 expression, being the greatest in the treated seed with a herbicide (pooled over variety and inoculum) at 1.66-fold difference from ubiquitin, and statistically different from the remaining treatments. There was no difference between treatments for the gene of interest, SAM22, in either variety. Overall, the field experiment indicated that a seeding rate of 345,947 seeds/ha was optimum with no penalty to yield. By planting a higher population than that yield was not significantly increased. Planting a PPO-tolerant seed variety resulted in the greatest yield overall, but on a disease resistance perspective, it was advantageous to plant a PPO-sensitive variety if SDS is an issue. Lastly, an application of sulfentrazone preemergence to soybeans does result in the upregulation of SAR in soybean, which was confirmed by RT-PCR following the expression level of six SAR genes.

Download or read book Integrated Weed Management and Herbicide Application Parameters for Herbicide resistant Soybean in Kansas written by Chad Joseph Lammers and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated weed management and herbicide application practices were assessed in field and greenhouse studies to improve weed control in herbicide-resistant soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown in Kansas. The field study was conducted to evaluate weed control, soybean yield, and profitability in two herbicide-resistant soybean systems and two row spacings. 2,4-D-, glyphosate-, and glufosinate- resistant (Enlist E3) and isoxaflutole-, glyphosate-, and glufosinate- resistant (LLGT27) soybeans were planted in 38- and 76-cm row spacing for four site-years. Three herbicide treatments were evaluated in each system: pre-emergence herbicide only (PRE), PRE followed by early post-emergence (POST), and POST plus overlapping residual (POR). Weed control was evaluated every 2 weeks after PRE application through R7 soybean. Weed biomass was collected before POST applications and at R7 soybean. Soybean yield was recorded at harvest. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separation. In Ottawa during 2020, POST and POR treatments resulted in ≥ 99% control for all species four WAT, while PRE resulted in ≥ 84% control. Similarly, control at Ashland Bottoms was ≥ 90% for POST and POR treatments, while PRE resulted in 7% for isoxaflutole- 62% for 2,4-D-resistant soybeans. All treatments resulted in ≥ 95% control at Scandia in 2021. Row spacing had a minimal effect on weed control and mixed results for yield. In the greenhouse study, the objective was to determine the effect of herbicide combination, optimize carrier volume, and evaluate weed height on weed control. Co-applications of combinations of 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate were applied in carrier volumes of 93-, 140-, and 187- L ha−1to 5-, 10-, and 20-cm Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.). Visual ratings and above ground biomass were collected four weeks after treatment. Water-sensitive paper was also sprayed with the same herbicide combinations and carrier volumes to evaluate differences in spray coverage. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separation. Carrier volume did not affect Palmer amaranth or large crabgrass control. Control of 5-, 10-, and 20-cm Palmer amaranth was 100%, ≥ 91%, and 6.7 to 79%, respectively, and variation was caused by the herbicide combinations. 2,4-D plus glyphosate provided the greatest Palmer amaranth control. Large crabgrass control pooled for both experiments was ≥ 82% when treatments were applied at 5 cm, but control of 10- or 20-cm large crabgrass was reduced to 51 to 56%. There was a carrier volume by herbicide co-application interaction for the number of droplets deposited and percent area covered on water-sensitive paper. Co-applications containing glufosinate had more droplets than those not containing glufosinate. 2,4-D plus glyphosate had the smallest percent area covered, compared to the other herbicide co-applications. Data from the field study confirms that two-pass herbicide programs are superior to PRE- only programs, regardless of the inclusion of a layered residual herbicide. However, this research did not evaluate the impact of layered residual herbicides on weed seed production, which is crucial for long-term weed management. Results from the greenhouse study suggest that under ideal conditions, carrier volume is less important than herbicide combination and weed size for control of Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass.

Download or read book Toxicology Research Projects Directory written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Soil Type and Fertilizer Treatment on the Composition of the Soybean Plant written by Russell Hayden Austin and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Response of Soybeans to the Herbicide DPX F6025 written by Gary Joseph Pomeranke and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Grass Control in Soybeans Glycine Max L Merr with Selective Postemergence Herbicides written by James Justin Kells and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: