Download or read book The Effect of Broadcast Burning on the Quality of Winter Forage for Elk Westen Oregon written by Cheryl Ann Friesen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roosevelt elk (Cervus elephus roosevelti) is a National Forest management indicator species on the westside of the Cascade mountains, Western Oregon. A Habitat Effectiveness model is used by State and Federal agencies to evaluate elk habitat in the region. Concerns about the model's lack of differentiation between winter and summer ranges in the analyses and assumptions that burning will increase forage quality on winter range prompted this study. I investigated the effect of broadcast burning, plant association, and time since disturbance on the quality of trailing blackberry (Rubus ulna), red huckleberry (Vaccinium parviflorum), willow (Salix spp.), vine maple (Acer circinatum), salal (Gaultheria shallon), and red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa). Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid insoluble ash, lignin, astringency, condensed tannin, and hydrolyzable tannin contents were measured. No significant effects of burning, plant association, or age were observed for crude protein, hydrolyzable tannins, or neutral detergent fiber. Crude protein varied among taxa: trailing blackberry contained 9.65%, and the other taxa ranged from 5.21-7.24%. Neutral detergent fiber was highly variable: trailing blackberry contained 30.90%, and the other taxa ranged from 52.20%-65.06%. Acid detergent fiber content ranged from 44.88%-49.49% for all taxa except trailing blackberry (17.78%). Lignin varied among taxa: trailing blackberry had the lowest content (6.37%) and salal had the highest (30.25%). Lignin content in salal was greater on recently disturbed sites. Astringency ranged from 0.0015 mg protein precipitated per mg plant tissue in vine maple to 0.6737 in trailing blackberry. Salal and willow had intermediate astringencies: elderberry, huckleberry, and vine maple had the lowest. Hydrolyzable tannins were present in all species except red elderberry. Burning and plant association effected astringency and condensed tannin content in trailing blackberry and huckleberry. Samples from burned, very dry and resource-poor sites had higher astringencies than on similar unburned units and non-resource-limiting sites. Condensed tannin contents increased with unit age in salal, huckleberry, and trailing blackberry, possibly accumulating during peak years of re-establishment after disturbance. Vine maple and red huckleberry were the only taxa with positive digestible protein levels. Digestible protein content may be higher in winter forage on less severe sites. Elk forage enhancement in winter range should be evaluated on a site-specific basis. Burning did not promote a detectable increase in quality for these forage taxa, and it decreased the quality of species sensitive to site conditions.
Download or read book Use of Livestock to Improve the Quality of Elk Winter Range Forage in Northeastern Oregon written by Patrick Eugene Clark and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of late spring defoliation on the winter forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) and elk sedge (Carex geyeri Boott) and the response of wintering Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni Bailey) to changes in winter range forage quality were examined. The study included two experiments; a hand clipping experiment conducted on bluebunch wheatgrass and a sheep grazing experiment conducted on bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and elk sedge. Four treatments were applied to bluebunch wheatgrass in the clipping experiment: 1) the entire basal area of individual plants was clipped to a 7.6 cm stubble height during the mid boot phenological stage, 2) one-half the basal area of individual plants was clipped to a 7.6 cm stubble height during the mid boot stage, 3) the entire basal area of individual plants was clipped to a 7.6 cm stubble height during the inflorescence emergence stage, and 4) plants were left unclipped as a control. In early November, forage samples from each of the three clipping treatments exhibited increases in percent crude protein and percent in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to the unclipped control treatment. Clipping the entire basal area of bluebunch wheatgrass plants to a 7.6 cm stubble height during the mid boot or inflorescence emergence stage was more detrimental to plant vigor than clipping one-half the plant basal area during the mid boot stage or leaving the plants unclipped. There was some evidence that clipping one-half the plant basal area during the mid boot stage may improve plant vigor compared to no clipping. Differences in crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and dry matter yield from winter forage samples of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue and elk sedge were detected between plots grazed by domestic sheep during the boot stage of bluebunch wheatgrass and plots where sheep grazing was excluded. No differences in winter elk utilization of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, or elk sedge were detected between the late spring sheep grazing treatment and sheep exclusion treatment. Plot occupancy by wintering elk was similar between plots grazed by sheep and plots where sheep grazing was excluded. Although, wintering elk did not appear to respond to the livestock grazing treatment, results from this study suggest small improvements in the winter forage quality of perennial grasses such as bluebunch wheatgrass can result following late spring defoliation. Forage conditioning treatments which produce even small improvements in forage quality may be important to the nutritional status of wintering elk.
Download or read book Interactive Effects of an Autumn Wildfire and Elk Herbivory on an Elk Winter Range written by Francis J. Singer and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We studied the interactive effects of an autumn wildfire and elk grazing on forage quality, forage production, grassland microclimate, and elk (Cervus elaphus) habitat use on the Blacktail Plateau winter range in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. Crude protein content of 3 common grass species (Idaho fescue, Festuca idahoensis; bluebunch wheatgrass, Agropyron spicatum; junegrass Koeleria macrantha) was not influenced by burning (P>0.05) on Blacktail Plateau, but grazing enhanced protein content for 2 grasses. Grazing treatment enhanced in vitro digestibility in the 3 grass species, and burning enhanced digestibility in 1 grass. There was substantial annual variation in both protein content and digestibility during 1988 through 1990, both were highest in 1989, a year with a wetter spring. Lignin, cellulose, ash, and fiber (P0.05) were higher in burned areas. Ca, Mg, P, and K were higher in grazed Idaho fescue, and P was higher in grazed bluebunch wheatgrass. Burning increased the heights of reproductive seedstalks and the numbers of seeds produced per plant of bluebunch wheatgrass, but there was no effect on leaf heights. Seedstalks were taller in grazed areas, but grazing treatment apparently had no effect on seed production (P0.05). Peak standing biomass of grasses and forbs did not differ between grazed and ungrazed sites, while burning significantly increased total production (P
Download or read book Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests written by Jack Ward Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That is what this book is about. It is a framework for planning, in which habitat is the key to managing wildlife and making forest managers accountable for their actions. This book is based on the collective knowledge of one group of resource professionals and their understanding about how wildlife relate to forest habitats. And it provides a longoverdue system for considering the impacts of changes in forest structure on all resident wildlife.
Download or read book The Effects of Prescribed Burning on Deer and Elk Habitat Parameters in Montana s Missouri River Breaks written by Christopher Karl Wood and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of prescribed fire as a management tool without adversely effecting deer and elk populations looks promising. Prescribed fire can be used to improve habitat for mule deer and elk. The prescribed fire maintained sufficient thermal and hiding cover levels while increasing total forb cover including many important species considered important for mule deer.
Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Download or read book Towns Ecology and the Land written by Richard T. T. Forman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-07 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering book highlighting the dynamic environmental dimensions of towns and villages and spatial connections with surrounding land.
Download or read book Stubble Mulching in the Northwest written by Theodore R. Horning and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pp. 28.
Download or read book North American Rodents written by David J. Hafner and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1998 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive treatment of North American rodents of conservation concern. This action plan summarizes the rodent fauna of North America and provides available information on every rodent taxon that has been considered to be of conservation concern by state, provincial and private conservation agencies and regional experts. It is hoped that the survey provided in this action plan will serve as a common ground for all these parties in drawing up conservation strategies for rodents.
Download or read book Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition written by Charles T. Robbins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition fills a serious gap in the wildlife and animal nutrition literature by providing a discussion of the basic principles of nutrition and their application to the broader field of wildlife ecology. This book is based on lectures presented in an upper-level wildlife nutrition course taught at Washington State University. The book opens with an introductory chapter on wildlife nutrition. This is followed by separate chapters on general nutrient and energy requirements; protein, water, vitamin, and mineral requirements; impact of nutrition on reproductive characteristics; gastrointestinal anatomy and function; and digestion and nutrient metabolism. The text will be invaluable to wildlife biologists, to those who are interested in captive animal nutrition and management, and to those who are interested in improving the feed supply and nutrition of free-ranging wildlife. It should also be helpful to undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers of biology and wildlife management. The book will be a useful reference for all who are interested and concerned with wildlife throughout the world.
Download or read book Climate Change and Rocky Mountain Ecosystems written by Jessica Halofsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-19 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a team of approximately 100 scientists and resource managers who worked together for two years to understand the effects of climatic variability and change on water resources, fisheries, forest vegetation, non-forest vegetation, wildlife, recreation, cultural resources and ecosystem services. Adaptation options, both strategic and tactical, were developed for each resource area. This information is now being applied in the northern rocky Mountains to ensure long-term sustainability in resource conditions. The volume chapters provide a technical assessment of the effects of climatic variability and change on natural and cultural resources, based on best available science, including new analyses obtained through modeling and synthesis of existing data. Each chapter also contains a summary of adaptation strategies (general) and tactics (on-the-ground actions) that have been developed by science-management teams.
Download or read book The Prairie Traveler written by Randolph Barnes Marcy and published by . This book was released on 1859 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification of Non forested Ecosystems in British Columbia written by William H. MacKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-forested ecosystems are an important part of British Columbias landscape and biological diversity. Plant community composition and vegetation structure of these ecosystems stand in contrast to the forests that are typical of much of British Columbia. These non-forested habitats supply critical life history requirements for many plant and animal species.
Download or read book Flora of the Pacific Northwest written by C. Leo Hitchcock and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2018-09-17 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flora of the Pacific Northwest, first published in 1973, became an instant classic for its innovative style of providing species descriptions in the identification keys, and for its comprehensive illustrations of nearly all treated taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Students rely on it as an essential primer, while veteran botanists and natural resource managers use it as the definitive reference for the region�s flora. This completely revised and updated edition captures the advances in vascular plant systematics over the decades since publication of the first edition. These advances, together with significant changes in plant nomenclature, the description of taxa new to science from the region, and the recent documentation of new native and nonnative species in the Pacific Northwest required a thorough revision of this authoritative work. Flora of the Pacific Northwest covers all of Washington, the northern half of Oregon, Idaho north of the Snake River Plain, the mountainous portion of western Montana, and the southern portion of British Columbia. It accounts for the wild-growing native and introduced vascular plants falling within those boundaries and includes: Treatment of 5,545 taxa (more than 1,000 taxa added from the first edition) Illustrations for 4,716 taxa (1,382 more than the first edition) Nomenclature changes for more than 40 percent of the taxa included in the first edition These enhancements make this new edition the most comprehensive reference on Pacific Northwest vascular plants for professional and amateur botanists, ecologists, rare plant biologists, plant taxonomy instructors, land managers, nursery professionals, and gardeners.
Download or read book Early Days in the Forest Service written by United States. Forest Service and published by . This book was released on with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Vegetarian Myth 16pt Large Print Edition written by Lierre Keith and published by . This book was released on 2011-06-10 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part memoir, nutritional primer, and political manifesto, this controversial examination exposes the destructive history of agricultureâ "causing the devastation of prairies and forests, driving countless species extinct, altering the climate, and destroying the topsoilâ "and asserts that, in order to save the planet, food must come from within living communities. In order for this to happen, the argument champions eating locally and sustainably and encourages those with the resources to grow their own food. Further examining the question of what to eat from the perspective of both human and environmental health, the account goes beyond health choices and discusses potential moral issues from eatingâ "or not eatingâ "animals. Through the deeply personal narrative of someone who practiced veganism for 20 years, this unique exploration also discusses alternatives to industrial farming, reveals the risks of a vegan diet, and explains why animals belong on ecologically sound farms.
Download or read book Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest written by Bruce McCune and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book can be used to identify macrolichens from Oregon and Washington ... Reasonable coverage for lichens of Idaho and Montana, inland to the Continental Divide, can be expected. Almost all macrolichens known from northern California and southern British Columbia are included as well"--P. viii.
