Download or read book The Effect of Biodiesel Oxidation on Engine Performance and Emissions written by Abdul Monyem and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is a fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters of vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is nontoxic, renewable, and biodegradable. Biodiesel-fueled engines produce less carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, and particulate emissions than diesel fueled engines. One drawback of biodiesel is that it is susceptible to oxidation which can induce polymerization of the esters and can form insoluble gums and sediments which are known to cause fuel filter plugging. However, no research has been conducted to determine the impact of oxidized biodiesel on engine emissions and fuel system performance. The objective of this study was to relate the chemical and physical processes associated with biodiesel oxidation to the conditions that affect engine performance and emissions. In addition, a relationship was sought between ASTM D2274, a diesel fuel based stability test and AOCS Cd 8-53 and Cd 3a-63 which characterize the chemical changes in the fuel.

Download or read book Biodiesel Combustion Performance and Emissions Characteristics written by Semakula Maroa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on biodiesel combustion, including biodiesel performance, emissions and control. It brings together a range of international research in combustion studies in order to offer a comprehensive resource for researchers, students and academics alike. The book begins with an introduction to biodiesel combustion, followed by a discussion of NOx formation routes. It then addresses biodiesel production processes and oil feedstocks in detail, discusses the physiochemical properties of biodiesel, and explores the benefits and drawbacks of these properties. Factors influencing the formation of emissions, including NOx emissions, are also dealt with thoroughly. Lastly, the book discusses the mechanisms of pollution and different approaches used to reduce pollutants in connection with biodiesel. Each approach is considered in detail, and diagrams are provided to illustrate the points in line with industry standard control mechanisms.

Download or read book The Effects of Oxidized Biodiesel Fuel on Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Composition and Particulate Matter Emissions From a Light Duty Diesel Engine written by Jack Elliot Reed and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel particulate matter (PM) is classified by the EPA as carcinogenic, with the transportation sector largely responsible these emissions within the United States. Biodiesel (B100) is derived from renewable sources, providing similar chemical composition to diesel fuel and is in the current diesel supply up to 5% across the nation. However, biodiesel has an inherent oxidation issue due to the unique mixture of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) molecules present in the biodiesel that are not in diesel. Biodiesel oxidation can only be delayed, and the inevitable process results in changes to the original fuel composition that may alter emissions profiles. There have been limited studies on the effect of oxidized biodiesel fuel on PM emissions, and with increasing biodiesel production volumes, it is important to assess due to possible adverse human health effects. In this study, it was hypothesized that the change in fuel composition due to oxidation would lead to lower PM emissions because the presence of more fuel oxygen molecules and secondary oxidation products would enhance self-combustion characteristics. In this study, PM mass generated from a light-duty diesel engine running on three different fuel types--pure ("neat") B100 biodiesel, pure B0 diesel, and B20 (20% v/v biodiesel blend with diesel)--was quantified and compared to the PM mass (and concentrations) from repeated emissions testing using artificially oxidized B100 and B20 biodiesel as the fuel source. B100 fuel was heated at 110oC for 5, 10, and 20 hours ("oxidation states" 3, 2, and 1, respectively), verifying the extent of fuel oxidation by building an apparatus (Biodiesel Oxidation Stability Surveyor, BOSS) that quantified the biodiesel fuel's oxidative stability using a method equivalent to standard methods for determining the biofuel's induction period. Induction period increased linearly with time spent under the artificial oxidation conditions. A custom, load-based steady-state modal drive cycle was specially developed for emissions testing each neat and oxidized B100 and B20 fuel type in a light-duty diesel engine dynamometer. Observed changes in PM mass with increased fuel oxidation time occurred only for B20 fuel with a 51 ±13% decrease. Fuel properties such as cetane number, biodiesel content, density, and total aromatics were compared between neat and oxidized B20 and B100 samples. Cetane number increased 7% from 66.8 to 71.7 from B100 neat to B100 OX1 (20hrs) and density increased from 0.709g/cm3 to 0.723g/cm3. Chemical analysis of the biodiesel fuels by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) quantified individual FAME compounds to determine key species involved in fuel oxidation. B100 FAME concentration widely varied, however, the B20 fuel blend showed that 20 hour artificial oxidation treatment decreased concentrations of the unsaturated FAMEs for C18:3n3, C18:2 cis-9,12, C18:1 (both cis- and trans- isomers) by 41.7 ±3.5%, 33.25 ±8.8%, and 21.9 ±6.9% relative to their initial concentration in the unoxidized fuel, respectively, in general agreement with literature values. The findings of this study help contribute a better understanding of oxidation effects on biodiesel fuel and link together fuel properties, chemical composition, and particulate emissions whereas most literature excludes detailed analysis of biodiesel fuel composition and associated emissions effects.

Download or read book Vehicle and Engine Investigations with Biodiesel written by A. Hasan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl esters of fatty acids which are expected to play a significant role in reducing overall CO2 emissions. Biodiesel is produced commercially by a chemical reaction called transesterification which is a chemical process to lower the viscosity of the vegetable oils. Since Biodiesel is an oxygenated, sulfur free fuel, it typically reduces engine out emissions except for the oxides of nitrogen (NOX). The chemical and physical properties of the fatty acids, as well as the effect of molecular structure, determine the overall properties of biodiesel fuel. Investigations into the impact of FAME properties on diesel engines are highly topical, as higher blends of biodiesel are introduced. The aim of this work is to perform a comprehensive study on the use of biodiesel fuel in production diesel engines, and its impact on emissions, performance and fuel consumption. This thesis has shown that the use of biodiesel fuel reduces the engine out emissions of CO, HC and PM (except at sub-zero temperatures), and causes a slight increase in NOX emissions and fuel consumption compared to baseline diesel fuel. However, the lower exhaust gas temperatures seen when using biodiesel blends leads to reduced catalyst conversion efficiency and an adverse effect on tailpipe emissions. The cylinder pressure and rate of heat release profiles of biodiesel blends are very similar to those of baseline diesel fuel when similar torque is demanded from the engine with relatively similar start of combustion for the main charge. Biodiesel blends show a slightly quicker rise in the rate of heat release and higher peak values compared to baseline diesel fuel. In the case of matched pedal positions, the ignition delay time decreases slightly with biodiesel use at lower engine load conditions compared to baseline diesel fuel. The sensitivity of engine performance and emissions with B25 is more pronounced for EGR rate, rail pressure, and main injection timing variations than for baseline diesel fuel. Finally, an adverse thermal impact of using biodiesel fuel on the performance of diesel oxidation catalyst was observed compared to baseline diesel however, no solid evidence of exhaust gas HC speciation effects was found.

Download or read book Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Soybean Biodiesel Blends written by Shubha Kartik Veeramachineni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Liquid Biofuels written by Krushna Prasad Shadangi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiled by a well-known expert in the field, Liquid Biofuels provides a profound knowledge to researchers about biofuel technologies, selection of raw materials, conversion of various biomass to biofuel pathways, selection of suitable methods of conversion, design of equipment, selection of operating parameters, determination of chemical kinetics, reaction mechanism, preparation of bio-catalyst: its application in bio-fuel industry and characterization techniques, use of nanotechnology in the production of biofuels from the root level to its application and many other exclusive topics for conducting research in this area. Written with the objective of offering both theoretical concepts and practical applications of those concepts, Liquid Biofuels can be both a first-time learning experience for the student facing these issues in a classroom and a valuable reference work for the veteran engineer or scientist. The description of the detailed characterization methodologies along with the precautions required during analysis are extremely important, as are the detailed description about the ultrasound assisted biodiesel production techniques, aviation biofuels and its characterization techniques, advance in algal biofuel techniques, pre-treatment of biomass for biofuel production, preparation and characterization of bio-catalyst, and various methods of optimization. The book offers a comparative study between the various liquid biofuels obtained from different methods of production and its engine performance and emission analysis so that one can get the utmost idea to find the better biofuel as an alternative fuel. Since the book covers almost all the field of liquid biofuel production techniques, it will provide advanced knowledge to the researcher for practical applications across the energy sector. A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, chemists, and students, this volume is applicable to many different fields, across many different industries, at all levels. It is a must-have for any library.

Download or read book Application of Clean Fuels in Combustion Engines written by Gabriele Di Blasio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the impact of fuels characteristics and their effects on the combustion processes in internal combustion engines. It includes the analysis of a variety of biofuels (alcohol fuels and biodiesel) and biogases (natural gas, hydrogen, etc.), providing valuable information related to consequent effects on performance and emissions. The contents focus on recent results and current trends of fuel utilization in the transport sector. State-of-the-art of clean fuels application are also discussed. Thighs book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.

Download or read book Advancement in Materials Manufacturing and Energy Engineering Vol II written by Puneet Verma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book (Vol. II) presents select proceedings of the conference on “Advancement in Materials, Manufacturing, and Energy Engineering (ICAMME 2021).” It discusses the latest materials, manufacturing processes, evaluation of materials properties for the application in automotive, aerospace, marine, locomotive, and energy sectors. The topics covered include advanced metal forming, bending, welding and casting techniques, recycling and re-manufacturing of materials and components, materials processing, characterization and applications, materials, composites and polymer manufacturing, powder metallurgy and ceramic forming, numerical modeling and simulation, advanced machining processes, functionally graded materials, non-destructive examination, optimization techniques, engineering materials, heat treatment, material testing, MEMS integration, energy materials, bio-materials, metamaterials, metallography, nanomaterial, SMART materials, bioenergy, fuel cell, and superalloys. The book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals interested in interdisciplinary topics in the areas of materials, manufacturing, and energy sectors.

Download or read book Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions from a Diesel Engine Using Cottonseed Oil Biodiesel written by Jacob Joseph Powell and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-road diesel engines are significant contributors to air pollution in the United States. Recent regulations put forth by EPA and other environmental agencies have laid out stringent guidelines for engine manufacturers and fuel producers. Recent increases in oil prices and foreign energy dependency has led to a push to produce renewable fuels, which will supplement current reserves. Biodiesel is a clean-burning renewable fuel, that can be blended with petroleum diesel. It is important to understand the effect on engine performance and exhaust emissions when using biodiesel from different feedstocks. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between engine performance and emissions and cottonseed oil biodiesel used in a diesel engine rated for 14.2 kW. When using cottonseed oil biodiesel blends, CO, hydrocarbon, NOx, and SO2 emissions decreased as compared to petroleum diesel. Carbon dioxide emissions had no definitive trend in relation to cottonseed oil biodiesel blends. Carbon monoxide emissions increased by an average 15% using B5 and by an average of 19% using B100. Hydrocarbon emissions decreased by 14% using B5 and by 26% using B100. Nitrogen oxide emissions decreased by four percent with B5, five percent with B20, and 14% with B100. Sulfur dioxide emissions decreased by an average of 86% using B100, and by 94% using B50 blended with ultra-low sulfur diesel. The difference between peak output power when using biodiesel and diesel was insignificant in blends less that B40. Peak measured power using B100 was about five percent lower than for diesel fuel. Pure cottonseed oil biodiesel achieved and maintained a peak corrected measured power of 13.1 kW at speeds of 2990, 2875, and 2800 rpm at loads of 41.3, 42.7, and 43.8 N-m. Using B5 produced a peak power of 13.6 kW at 2990 rpm and 43.9 N-m and at 2800 rpm and 46.7 N-m, while using B20 produced a peak power of 13.4 kW at 2990 rpm and 43.7 N-m. Brake-specific fuel consumption at peak measured load and torque using B100 was 1238 g/kW-h. Brake-specific fuel consumption at peak measured power and loads using B5 and B20 were 1276 and 1155 g/kW-h.

Download or read book Biofuels written by M. P. Poonia and published by Pointer Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basically, Internal Combustion Enginses Or C.I.Engine Are Designed To Operate Under Conventional Fossil Fuels Such As Gasoline, Diesel, Lpg Etc. However, Owing To Rapid Depletion, Escalating Prices And Environmental Pollution, Researchers Around The Globe Have Experimentally Proved That Some Of The Alternative Fuel Needs Engine Modification But Biodiesel Can Be Used Without Any Engine Modification. The Book Deals With Exhaust Emission Aspects Of Internal Combustion Engines With Biodiesel, Effect Of Variation In Injection Pressure On Performance And Exhaust Emission Of C.I. Engine Using Biodiesel, Combustion Enrichment And Emission Reduction Of Biodiesel Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation & Fuel Conditioning, Effect Of Air Preheating Influence On Performance & Emission Characteristics Of D1 Diesel Engine Using Jatropha Curcas As Fuel, Studies On The Performance & Emission Characteristics Of Ricardo Variable Compression Engine Using Three Degummed Non Edible Vegetable Oils, Experimental Analysis Of Diesel Engine With Karanji Seed Oil-Diesel Blend, Environmental Effect Of Biodiesel, Nox And Particulate Emission Studies For Over Load Condition Of A C.I. Engine Fuelled By Vegetable Oil Ester, High Temperature Of Air/Steam Gasification Of Biomass And Waste Etc. The Book Will Be Useful To Students, Academicians, Researchers & Mechanical Engineers.

Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Impact on Engine Performance and Emissions of High Proportion Biodiesel Blends and the Required Engine Control Strategies written by Sathaporn Chuepeng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Autoxidation of Unsaturated Lipids written by H. W.-S. Chan and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diesel Engines and Biodiesel Engines Technologies written by Freddie L. Inambao and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-08-17 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel Engines and Biodiesel Engines Technologies explores the conceptual and methodological approaches for the understanding of both diesel engines and biodiesel technologies. The book incorporates reviews of the most significant research findings in both diesel and biodiesel engine production and utilization. It presents technological interventions in biodiesel production and offers a foresight analysis of the perspectives of biodiesel as a future global commodity. It also examines the main challenges that biodiesel will have to overcome in order to play a key role in future energy systems. Furthermore, the book discusses alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats and proposes solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts.

Download or read book Biodiesel written by Ayhan Demirbas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines describes the production and characterization of biodiesel. The book also presents current experimental research work in the field, including techniques to reduce biodiesel’s high viscosity. Researchers in renewable energy, as well as fuel engineers, will discover a myriad of new ideas and promising possibilities.

Download or read book Oxidation and Antioxidants in Organic Chemistry and Biology written by Evgeny T. Denisov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-03-29 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive review of reactions of oxidation for different classes of organic compounds and polymers, and biological processes mediated by free radicals, Oxidation and Antioxidants in Organic Chemistry and Biology puts the data and bibliographical information you need into one easy-to-use resource. You will find up-to-date information

Download or read book Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine from Various Biodiesel Feedstock written by Bjorn Sanchez Santos and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing fuel prices, stricter government policies, and technological developments made it possible to seek for renewable alternatives, called biofuels, to petroleum fuel. Biodiesel, a biofuel that is produced from chemically mixing animal fat, vegetable oils, or recycled restaurant grease with alcohol and catalyst, is gaining popularity in recent years as a substitute for petroleum diesel. Ninety percent (90%) of U.S. biodiesel industry makes use of soybean oil as its feedstock. However, soybean oil alone cannot meet such a huge demand on biofuel production. Hence, it is important to identify and get more information about other feedstocks, specifically on its effects on the performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engines. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance and emissions of two diesel engines operating on different biodiesel fuels (i.e. canola oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, and chicken fat) and compare them to the performance and emissions when the engine is operated on soybean oil-based biodiesel and petroleum-based diesel. Results indicated that an engine operating on biodiesel generates a little less power and torque at any given speed than one running on diesel. Such power and torque loss were attributed to the biodiesel's lower energy content. The lower heating value (energy content) of biodiesel can be reflected in the specific fuel consumption, i.e., to generate the same power, more biodiesel is needed. The reduction in torque and power of less than 10% indicates that in some cases biodiesel has better combustion than diesel. Unfortunately, the high efficiency of combustion may give rise to increased combustion temperature which may lead to higher exhaust emissions. The gradual decrease in the total hydrocarbon and CO2 emissions, as blends were increased from B20 to B100, was also found to be an indication of better combustion using biodiesel fuels than petroleum diesel. However, NOx emissions were higher, predominantly at low speeds for most biodiesel and blends and therefore may require some additives or engine modifications/or adjustments to equalize the NOx emissions of diesel. Other emissions particularly SO2 were lower than standards require.