Download or read book The Effect of an Invasive Shurb Autumn Olive Elaeagnus Umbellata on Microbial Divesity and Soil Function written by Elizabeth A. Czerwinski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of the Invasive Plant Species Autumn Olive Elaeagnus Umbellata on Small Mammal Populations in Southern Illinois written by Stephanie J. Hayes (‡e author) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive plant species have widespread effects on the ecosystems they inhabit. Extensive research has been done on the economic and ecological impact of invasive species in relation to native plant species, but little is known about the effect of these species on native fauna. My study examined the impact of an invasive plant species Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) on small mammals populations in southern Illinois. Elaeagnus umbellata is a native shrub of southeast Asia and was introduced to the United States in the 1830s. It is now the fifth most abundant invasive plant species in the state of Illinois. To determine the impact of this invasive shrub on small mammal populations, Sherman traps were set up in six separate trapping webs, three in upland forests with heavy E. umbellata cover and three in upland forests with little to no E. umbellata cover (control). Trapping spanned three seasons from March-August 2013. Through the use of capture and release methods, individuals were measured, weighed, and marked for possible recapture. Beginning in season 3, Cuterebra fontinella (bot fly) abundance in small mammals was also assessed. Differences in relative abundance of small mammal populations were determined using a repeated measures ANOVA with a Tukey test. T-tests were used to determine any significant difference among small mammals between forest types. Very little difference was found among the measured variables between the invaded and control forest sites. Prevalance of C. fontinella was also similar, but the resulting percentage of infection was much higher when compared to other studies in the literature. These results indicate there is little effect of E. umbellata on small mammal populations, although the long-term impacts of this invasive species may need further research.
Download or read book Effects of the Invasive Plant Species Autumn Olive Elaeagnus Umbellata on Small Mammal Populations in Southern Illinois written by Stephanie J. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive plant species have widespread effects on the ecosystems they inhabit. Extensive research has been done on the economic and ecological impact of invasive species in relation to native plant species, but little is known about the effect of these species on native fauna. My study examined the impact of an invasive plant species Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) on small mammals populations in southern Illinois. Elaeagnus umbellata is a native shrub of southeast Asia and was introduced to the United States in the 1830s. It is now the fifth most abundant invasive plant species in the state of Illinois. To determine the impact of this invasive shrub on small mammal populations, Sherman traps were set up in six separate trapping webs, three in upland forests with heavy E. umbellata cover and three in upland forests with little to no E. umbellata cover (control). Trapping spanned three seasons from March-August 2013. Through the use of capture and release methods, individuals were measured, weighed, and marked for possible recapture. Beginning in season 3, Cuterebra fontinella (bot fly) abundance in small mammals was also assessed. Differences in relative abundance of small mammal populations were determined using a repeated measures ANOVA with a Tukey test. T-tests were used to determine any significant difference among small mammals between forest types. Very little difference was found among the measured variables between the invaded and control forest sites. Prevalance of C. fontinella was also similar, but the resulting percentage of infection was much higher when compared to other studies in the literature. These results indicate there is little effect of E. umbellata on small mammal populations, although the long-term impacts of this invasive species may need further research.
Download or read book Autumn Olive written by Philip Farley Allan and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invasive Plant Species of the World 2nd Edition written by Ewald Weber and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 2003, the status of many important invasive plants around the world has changed dramatically. Species have extended their ranges, new literature has been accumulated, and control methods have been improved. Research on some plant invaders has also focused on the species' ecology and impacts, confirming that invasive plants continue to pose serious threats to species and ecosystems. Given their range expansions and introduction via international trade, these problems will only become more serious in the future. Including colour images of each species, this up-to-date reference guide on the most important plant invaders is an invaluable tool for both researchers and policy makers.
Download or read book Environmental Impact Research Program and Defense Natural Resources Program Section 7 5 7 US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A plant materials report on autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) is provided as Section 7.5.7 of the US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources management Manual. The report was prepared as a guide to assist project/installation natural resources personnel with the selection, establishment, and management of appropriate plant materials for wildlife and habitat development programs. Major topics covered are description, distribution, habitat requirements, wildlife and land management value, establishment, maintenance, and cautions and limitations. Autumn olive is a hardy shrub or small tree introduced into the United States from Asia. It is widely used in the East in habitat improvement projects designed to attract wildlife, provide barriers, beautify existing landscapes, and reclaim disturbed sites. Autumn olive is tolerant of a wide range of soils and climatic conditions. Plants grow best on well-drained soils that are deep, sandy, loamy, or moderately fine-textured. Establishment of autumn olive is often recommended for borders, hedgerows, windbreaks, and disturbed sites. Planting stock of autumn olive is readily available, and some commercial nurseries produce propagules in quantity. Four cultivars (Cardinal, Ellagood, Elsberry, and Redwing) have been developed and are adapted to geographically specific regions. This report provides information on management objectives, site selection and preparation, propagule selection, planting methods, and maintenance requirements for autumn olive throughout its area of potential use. Management cautions and limitations are discussed, and guidelines are provided on the appropriate use of autumn olive in wildlife and habitat management programs. Autumn olive, Habitat development, Elaeagnus, Plant materials, Elaeagnus umbellta, Wildlife management.
Download or read book Autumn Olive Elaeagnus Umbellata written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impacts and Management of the Invasive Russian Olive Elaeagnus Angustifolia L in a Hereogenous Riparian Ecosystem written by Graham Tuttle and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Russian olive is an exotic actinorhizal tree intentionally introduced to the U.S. in the early 1900’s. It has become a dominant component of riparian ecosystems throughout the western U.S. Unlike most other riparian trees in the semi-arid west, Russian olive germinates and grows both in the open and in the understory of mature cottonwood stands. As an actinorhizal species, it forms an endosymbiosis with soil actinobacteria in the genus Frankia that allows for atmospheric N2-fixation. This leads to higher soil N concentrations and mineralization rates underneath the tree’s canopy than outside. Russian olive’s high abundance and impact on soil N suggest it may alter plant communities, but these impacts have not been previously demonstrated. I investigated the impacts of Russian olive on shading, soil N availability, and plant communities and documented how those impacts varied across a semi-arid riparian ecosystem along the South Fork of the Republican River in eastern Colorado. Of the suite of environmental variables I measured, presence or absence of cottonwood canopy had the largest effect on Russian olive impacts. Russian olive increased shading, soil N availability, and proportion exotic plant and forb cover more in the open than underneath a cottonwood overstory.Actinorhizal endosymbioses provides an important N source in terrestrial ecosystems, but N2-fixation rates decrease due to high exogenous N and low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The amount that these environmental variables reduce N2-fixation in host-Frankia symbiosis types dictates the strength and duration of those symbioses’ impacts on ecosystems. To understand how the two main types of endosymbioses (Alnus- and Elaeagnus-Frankia) differ in their response to environmental variability, I conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing growth and nodulation between two genera of actinorhizal species, Elaeagnus and Alnus, across exogenous N and PAR levels. Overall, Elaeagnus species had higher nodulation rates and tissue % N than Alnus species. Nodulation rate and growth response to nodulation were both lower at low PAR than high PAR for both genera. The reduction in the growth response to nodulation at high exogenous N was lower in Elaeagnus-Frankia symbiosis than Alnus-Frankia symbiosis. These results suggest that Elaeagnus species are more likely to cause a greater and longer-lasting increase in soil N than Alnus species.A main objective of exotic species management is to increase native plant cover. However, few studies monitor plant community response to exotic species management, and the few that have suggest secondary invasion is likely, particularly when effects of the target invasive persists and management efforts cause disturbance. To measure the role of these two factors in plant community response to Russian olive removal, I monitored soil N availability and plant communities along the South Fork of the Republican River two years before and three years after the tree’s removal. Russian olive’s impact on soil N availability persisted, with levels staying high around removed Russian olive stems three years after removal. The plant community around removed Russian olive also had no increase in native plant cover but a dramatic increase in kochia ( Bassia scoparia) cover following removal. My research demonstrates that Russian olive increases exotic plant cover in areas it invades and simply removing the tree does not promote native species recovery.
Download or read book Exploring the Relationship Between an Invasive Shrub autumn Olive and It s Nitrogen Fixing Symbionts as a Potential Invasion Mechanism written by Elizabeth O. Adeniyi-Kassim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Assessment of Autumn Olive in Northern U S Forests written by Cassandra M. Kurtz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invasive Plants and Forest Ecosystems written by Ravinder Kumar Kohli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the worldwide human population explodes and trade becomes increasingly globalized, the transboundary movement of plant species from their place of origin to foreign regions is escalating and expected to experience continued growth in the coming decades. Invasive non-native species pose one of the greatest challenges for natural resource managers who are charged with the maintenance of biological diversity and the sustainable production of forest resources. With international contributors presenting an informed and integrated approach to the control of havoc-wrecking species, Invasive Plants and Forest Ecosystems provides the most updated information on invading plants, their impacts on forest ecosystems, and control strategies. This text addresses such important issues as the socioeconomic and policy aspects of plant invasion and offers complete coverage of their ecological impacts and the varied levels of threats in diverse situations.
Download or read book Diversity and Ecology of Invasive Plants written by Sudam Charan Sahu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, Diversity and Ecology of Invasive Plants, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of invasive species biology. The book comprises chapters authored by various researchers and edited by experts active in the field of conservation of biodiversity. All chapters are complete in itself but united under a common topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on diversity, distribution, and ecological consequences of invasive species and opens new possible research paths for further developments.
Download or read book A Study of Autumn Olive Elaeagnus Umbellata Phenology and Associated Physiological Traits that May Facilitate Its Invasion of the Understory of a Southern Appalachian Forest written by Emily Caroline Riffe and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Distribution and Growth of Autumn Olive in a Managed Landscape Distribution and Growth of Autumn Olive in a Managed Landscape written by Matthew Ruddick Moore and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasions by exotic plant species result in significant challenges for forest managers. Disturbance and increased light have been shown to facilitate the successful establishment and invasion of exotic, invasive plant species. Several studies have sought to determine which key factors lead to greater abundance of exotic, invasive plants on certain sites and this information is important for determining the likelihood for exotic plant invasions at broad scales. Site characteristics that may promote autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) were studied. Our goal was to identify variables associated with forest road edges most important in explaining autumn olive abundance and growth. The objectives were to: 1) investigate whether southern aspects have greater abundance and height of autumn olive than other aspects, 2) determine if there is a negative relationship between the abundance and height of autumn olive and the abundance and height of native species, 3) determine if the relationship between autumn olive abundance and height and other invasive species abundance and height is positive and 4) document other site factors significantly related to the success of autumn olive. Larger autumn olive were more dense and patches of autumn olive were deeper on certain forest-road edges. Autumn olive height and abundance were positively related to both native and exotic, invasive plant height and abundance. Road canopy cover, slope, elevation, road opening width and road type were found to be important for autumn olive establishment and success. These factors will be investigated for future use in producing GIS based risk maps to assist managers in exotic, invasive species control.
Download or read book Reproductive Biology of the Invasive Plant Elaeagnus Umbellata written by Nathan Soley and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive studies in invasive plants are necessary for an understanding of their potential to establish and spread in foreign environments. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (autumn olive) is an invasive woody shrub that flowers early in the spring and is often noted for its abundant fruit set. This study examined the reproductive biology of E. umbellata in Illinois, where it is highly invasive. Hand-pollination experiments were performed to determine the breeding system of E. umbellata , and floral visitors were collected to determine its pollinators. Experiments showed that E. umbellata is a predominantly outcrossing species with a self-incompatible breeding system. However, individual variation was detected in several reproductive characteristics. Pollen tube analyses revealed that a small percentage of individuals allow successful self-pollen tube growth, and self-fruit set resulting from automatic self-pollination (autogamy) was relatively high in a few plants. Automatic self-pollination is possible because the male and female parts of flowers mature sychronously, but the likelihood of autogamy may vary among individuals due to variability in the spatial separation of male and female parts (herkogamy). Variability in the incompatibility system and the level of herkogamy may impact the outcrossing rates and reproductive success of individuals. The majority of floral visitors to E. umbellata were generalist pollinators. Frequently visiting bees included small and large species such as native Andrena spp., Augochlorella aurata, Bombus spp., Ceratina calcarata, Xylocopa virginica , and the introduced Apis mellifera. Bombylius major (large bee fly) and the moth Mythimna unipuncta (armyworm) were also frequent visitors. Most of the above insect taxa are pollinators of E. umbellata based on analysis of pollen on insect bodies. E. umbellata is likely to achieve its abundant fruit set where these common pollinators and other E. umbellata are present. However, in my study sites, many individuals experienced low fruit set on branches that were open to pollinator visitation, suggesting pollen limitation may be common in some years and at certain sites. The discovery of autogamous individuals demonstrates that some E. umbellata individuals may be able to establish and spread even when mates or pollinators are limiting.
Download or read book The Impact of the Invasive Species Lonicera Maackii on Soil Microbial Communities in Riparian Forests written by Rebecca Fauver and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: One of the most problematic invasive plants in forests of the eastern US is Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). This species is known to have negative impacts on native plant communities, but little is known about its impact on soil processes. To determine the impact on soil processes, the catabolic response profile (CRP) method was used to assess the functional diversity of soil microbial communities in invaded riparian forests. The microbial functional diversity is determined by measuring the catabolic response of a soil microbial community to specific carbon-based substrates. Soils were collected from three riparian forests in Franklin County, Ohio that have been invaded by L. maackii. In each forest, 16 samples were taken from invaded and non-invaded plots. CRP measures short term respiration responses to substrates within 5 groups of organic substrates in 1 g of soil in a 25 mL serum bottle. The CO2 evolved in the headspace of each bottle was analyzed with a LI-COR CO2 analyzer. Diversity is measured by richness and evenness. Richness is the number of substrates catabolized above basal respiration and evenness is found using the Simpson-Yule index (E = 1/Spi2). A one-way ANOVA was used to test the variance in evenness between the invaded and non-invaded plots within each site and over all three sites. The richness for each plot was 18, the highest quotient in this study, therefore the focus was on evenness. The variance in evenness was found to be slightly higher in L. maackii plots than control plots (p=0.009). However, invaded and non-invaded plots showed no difference in substrate use when analyzed by PCA and ANOVA for each substrate. There is no evidence that L. maackii has a substantial impact on soil microbial communities in riparian forests.
Download or read book Autumn Olive a Medicinal Plant from Azad Jammu and Kashmir written by Syed Dilnawaz Gardezi and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present investigation was carried out on autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), a medicinal shrub. Populations were taken from Drake, Trar, Trar-Poth, Chotagala, Hussain Kot, Chak, Khaigala, Shamsabad, Pothi and Mutialmaira, of District Poonch Azad Kashmir. The comparisons were based on genetical and biochemical analysis. The data for morphological traits were analysed statistically. The mean values for each trait were used to run Single Factor analysis. Elaeagnus umbellata is a member of Elaeagnaceae family and is also called cardinal olive or autumn olive. It is native to China, India, Pakistan, Korea and Japan and was introduced to United States in 1930. It is found commonly at altitudes ranging from 1200 to 2100 m. It is common specially on dry and exposed places on hills. It does very well on infertile soil because its root nodules house nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes. It is an ideal plant for preventing soil erosion and land reclamation and grows well under drought conditions and variable soil pH ranging from 5.5 to 8.0. The plant is also important as fuel wood, fencing, fodder, basket making and for the purpose of shelterbelts.
