Download or read book The Effect of Alcohol Outcome Expectancies on the Relationship of Social Anxiety and Desirability of Alcohol written by Hilary Grace Casner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders is well-documented in the research literature. However, conflicting findings have been noted in cross-sectional investigations of this link; some studies indicate that individuals with social anxiety disorder are more likely to engage in problematic alcohol use, while others suggest that social anxiety may serve as a protective factor against heavy drinking. Alcohol outcome expectancies (AOEs), the beliefs one holds about the effects of alcohol consumption, have been identified as an important variable in the consideration of the social anxiety-alcohol use link. The current study tested the effect of an expectancy generation task for social, positive, and negative AOEs and social anxiety level on alcohol desirability among 299 college students (mean age 19.30 [SD =1.40]; 58.9% women) who completed an online study. No significant differences in alcohol desirability were noted between the AOE conditions or high and low social anxiety groups. However, sex, baseline desire for alcohol, quantity and frequency of alcohol use, and participants' endorsement of AOEs were associated with alcohol desirability, consistent with the research literature. While the expectancy generation task failed to affect participant reports of alcohol desirability, the results of the current study support the use of the alcohol desirability measures in assessing level of desire to consume alcohol.

Download or read book Social Anxiety and Problematic Alcohol Use Among College Students written by Ellen Cecilie Jorstad-Stein and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs; i.e., alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse) are highly prevalent and potentially debilitating. They also commonly co-occur, and when they do, their combined effect may be even more devastating. The onset of SAD most commonly precedes the onset of AUDs, suggesting that SAD may be a marker or risk factor for the onset of these other disorders. Previous research has not sufficiently examined the mechanisms involved in the development of AUDs, and longitudinal research is lacking. The current study examined mechanisms related to the development of AUDs among incoming college freshman students at two large universities in the United States. Incoming freshmen are at higher risk for developing symptoms consistent with SAD, particularly during their first semester, and they may be more likely to cope with their symptoms of anxiety by drinking alcohol. The current study aimed to explicate the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol consumption in college freshmen. Baseline data collection occurred late in the summer after registration for the Fall semester or early in the Fall semester. Follow-up data collection occurred later in the Fall semester. It was expected that social anxiety, the quantity and frequency of drinking alcohol (including frequency of intoxication), and alcohol-related problems would increase among the freshmen over the course of the fall semester. Additionally, several relationships among the variables being examined were hypothesized. Drinking motives, symptoms of depression, and quality of life were expected to mediate the relationship between social anxiety and the drinking outcome variables. In addition, expectancies about alcohol consumption were expected to moderate the mediated relationship. However, there were no increases in social anxiety, alcohol consumption, or alcohol-related problems between baseline and follow-up. There were few hypothesized relationships found, although there was a positive relationship between social anxiety and negative alcohol expectancies and a negative relationship between social anxiety and quality of life. Model testing generated one promising model in which the relationship of positive expectancies regarding alcohol use to alcohol use and problems was mediated by coping with anxiety drinking motives. In particular, the main effect of positive expectancies of alcohol and coping with anxiety drinking motives generated a medium effect whereas the other relationships generated small to medium effects. Clinical implications and limitations of the current study are discussed.

Download or read book Examining Associations Between Peer Context Social Anxiety and Alcohol Expectancies in Undergraduate Students written by Shannon Lee Henry and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use increases dramatically in college, and drinking in college students is often problematic. Drinking is overwhelmingly used socially, especially among adolescents and young adults. Developmentally, these age groups demonstrate increased social sensitivity, especially to social evaluation and reward; they also endorse beliefs that alcohol use is socially rewarding. The social-attributional and social cognitive models of drinking posit that uncertainty about social evaluation and rejection from others which is heightened around unfamiliar as opposed to familiar peers leads to increased state social anxiety, which activates positive socially-related alcohol expectancies. The present study aimed to confirm this relationship. In a sample of college students (N = 136), mixed models were used to examine the association between peer familiarity (manipulated within vignettes) and alcohol expectancies (assessed via self-report), assessing state social anxiety (self-reported after each vignette) as a potential moderator of this relationship. Results indicated that state social anxiety moderated the relationship between peer familiarity and the tension reduction alcohol expectancy, but in a different manner than expected; the moderation was such that, when participants reported low state anxiety, the unfamiliar condition increased the tension reduction alcohol expectancy in comparison to the familiar condition, whereas when participants reported high state anxiety ratings, the unfamiliar condition decreased the tension reduction alcohol expectancy in relation to the familiar condition. No moderation was found for social enhancement or positive mood enhancement alcohol expectancies. Aside from moderation results, state social anxiety emerged as a strong positive predictor of positive alcohol expectancies. Overall, findings indicate that the social-attributional and social cognitive models may not accurately describe the relationship between peer familiarity, social anxiety, and alcohol expectancies for this sample or study design. Exploratory mixed model analyses for specific subsets of the sample (low vs high trait social anxiety groups) and study conditions (four different vignette scenarios) provide some insight about cases in which the models may be less or more accurate. Overall findings also highlight the importance of state social anxiety as a predictor of alcohol expectancies, and the complexities of examining contextual factors related to alcohol expectancies and alcohol use.

Download or read book Social Anxiety and Alcohol related Problems written by Frances Rekrut and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A preponderance of research has explored the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol-related problems in college students often with a focus on the role of motivation for drinking, consumption levels, and alcohol-related outcome expectancies as factors in the relationship. Yet, to date, very limited research has explored whether co-morbidity between social anxiety and alcohol-related problems persist in older, post-college young adults or whether the factors that influence that relationship in college students persist in a post-college environment. The current study measured social anxiety, alcohol consumption, motives, expectations, related problems, and convivial drinking events in a sample of college students (18-22 year old) and post-college young adults (26-35 years old) as well as explored whether a unified model of the relationship could be found in either or both groups. Results indicated greater social anxiety in the college aged group and few differences in alcohol-related factors between groups. No relationship between social anxiety and alcohol-related problems was found in the college student group, while in the post-college young adult group, coping motives served as a suppressor to that relationship with gender moderating that mediation. Exploratory analysis revealed when controlling for age, gender moderated the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol-related problems through coping motives. These results may provide further evidence of the complexity of the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol-related problems as well as the importance of accounting for other factors, such as gender and age, when conceptualizing risk and treatment.

Download or read book Critical Review of Empirical Studies Examining the Role of Social Anxiety and Alcohol Expectancies on Drinking Behaviors of College Students written by Vicki Nichole Petropoulos and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation critically reviewed empirical evidence that examines the role that social anxiety and alcohol expectancies play in the drinking behaviors of U.S. college students. The hypothesis, based partially upon the Social Cognitive Model (SCM) (Burke and Stephens, 1999), proposed that college students who have symptoms of social anxiety and also endorse positive alcohol expectancies will be at a higher risk for alcohol dependent behaviors and alcohol related problems than will college students who have symptoms of social anxiety who endorse negative alcohol expectancies. Nine empirical articles were chosen based upon specific criteria. The studies must have collected data from students that were currently enrolled at United States universities and colleges, must have been published in English and in peer reviewed journals between January 1, 2000 and September 1, 2012. Each study examined the variables of social anxiety, drinking behavior, and alcohol expectancies. Studies were not excluded if they studied additional variables. Dissertations, master's theses, and non-peer reviewed articles were excluded. Articles examining the studied variables in the context of a treatment study (e.g.,examining whether students' alcohol expectancies change after alcohol psycho-education oranother such treatment modality) were excluded. While social anxiety was not found to have a main effect on drinking behaviors of college students, positive alcohol outcome expectancies were found to have a positive association with drinking. The review also supported an interaction between social anxiety and alcohol outcome expectancies on drinking behaviors. Limitations included that samples were not randomized, self-report measures were used, designs were cross-sectional, and that non-Caucasian ethnicities were under-represented. Implications for college drinking prevention efforts and future research are discussed.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Alcohol Expectancies and Social Anxiety written by Cameron Stuart White and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alcohol Expectancies and Social Self Efficacy as Mediators of Differential Intervention Outcomes for College Hazardous Drinkers with Social Anxiety written by Jessica J. Black and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study examined the roles of the cognitive factors, positive alcohol expectancies of social anxiety reduction and drink refusal self-efficacy relevant to social situations, in mediating greater decline in alcohol behaviors by the Brief Intervention for Socially Anxious Drinkers (BISAD, n = 21) compared to an alcohol psychoeducation (n = 20) in a sample of college hazardous drinkers with social anxiety. Mediation analyses conducted using MacKinnon's (2008) procedures indicate that decreased positive alcohol expectancies and increased drink refusal self-efficacy in social situations account for a substantial amount of the variance in treatment outcome as measured by total quantity of alcohol consumption, heavy drinking days in the past month and problems related to alcohol use. The results enhance the understanding of the role cognitive factors play in alcohol treatment outcome, which can in turn improve the efficacy of interventions aimed to reduce hazardous drinking and comorbid social anxiety.

Download or read book The Role of Alcohol Expectancies in the Relationship Between Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety in College Students written by Nicole Dishuk McKeon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interactive Effects of Social Anxiety and Alcohol Expectancies in the Prediction of Alcohol Consumption written by Giao Quynh Tran and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Pharmacologic and Expectancy Effects of Alcohol on Social Anxiety in Individuals with Social Phobia written by Kenneth Brian Abrams and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Examination of the Interactive Effects of Expectancies of Tension Reduction and Trait Anxiety in the Prediction Alcohol Consumption written by Michelle Shariat and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, literature examining motivations for alcohol consumption to reduce tension has been continuously inconsistent. Studies have identified certain variables that contribute to the relationship between alcohol and anxiety. One variable suggested for further study is an individual's beliefs or 'expectancies' regarding the effects of alcohol. The few studies that have looked at the effects of anxiety and alcohol outcome expectancies on alcohol use have presented equivocal results. This is due to insufficient attention to controlling critical variables, nonstandardized measures, problems with methodology, and use of different assessment questionnaires. My research study examined the relationship between trait anxiety and expectations that tension would be reduced in the prediction of alcohol consumption. Using valid and reliable assessment measures, I controlled for confounding variables such as gender, history of alcohol dependence and alcoholism, all of which have contributed to the inconsistency in the literature. My study examined the hypothesis that trait anxiety and expectancies of reduced tension interact to contribute to alcohol consumption. In the study, 167 students from a professional graduate program completed self-report questionnaires consisting of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure anxiety, subtests from the Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire to measure beliefs and expectancies of the effects of alcohol, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to measure quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. I used the Brief Michigan Alcohol Screening Test to control for students who were alcohol dependent. My results did not show the hypothesized interaction effect between anxiety and expectancies in the prediction of alcohol consumption, but did demonstrate a strong main effect of expectancies on alcohol use. The study found significant positive correlations between students with high expectancies of tension reduction and heavy/problematic drinking. Trait anxiety was not found to be related to alcohol consumption. Results also indicated that students with a positive family history of alcoholism had stronger expectancies of tension reduction from alcohol use. I discuss the possible explanations that may have accounted for the failure of the link between anxiety level and alcohol use as well as implications and recommendations for future research.

Download or read book Alcohol Consumption Drinking Motives Social Anxiety and the College Culture written by Noel A. Crabtree and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol consumption is a prominent component of the college culture; high-risk consumption may lead to detrimental consequences for the student. Problematic alcohol consumption is linked to sexual assault, drunk driving, vandalism, and other unlawful activities. The degree to which students conform to the perceived social norms of the culture of the campus may impact the amount of alcohol that students consume; perceived social norms are often higher than the actual consumption amounts. Social anxiety may also impact the degree to which students will self-monitor their behavior in order to conform to their perceptions of the drinking norms. Drinking motives may also play a part in the amount and frequency of alcohol consumed, whether it's participating in drinking games during social gatherings, or consuming at the same rate as their peers for social acceptance. The study tested two hypotheses. The first hypothesis states: H1: The relationship between social anxiety and alcohol consumption would be moderated by perceived social norms. The second hypothesis states: H2: The relationship between social anxiety and alcohol consumption would be mediated by the drinking motives of coping and social pressure/conformity. Social anxiety was measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety scale (LSAS). The measure for alcohol consumption was based on self-reports for the number of drinks consumed per week. The measure for perceived social norms was the comparisons of the actual number of drinks consumed by the participant pool on average per week, in comparison with the number of drinks that the participant estimates that their peer consumes per week. The measure for social norms/alcohol expectancies and drinking motives was the evaluation of the responses sampled from the CORE Alcohol and Drug Survey and Drinking Motives Questionnaire- Revised (DMQR). The results indicated that the students who overestimated the alcohol consumption of their peers reported lower levels of alcohol consumption. Perceived social norms did not moderate the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol consumption. There was no significance found in the mediation of either of the drinking motives in the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol consumption.

Download or read book Alcohol Expectancies and Social Anxiety as Predictors of Alcohol Consumption and Related Problems in College Undergraduates written by Thomas M. O'Hare and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implicit Affect and Alcohol Outcome Expectancies written by John M. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Expectancy theory provides a useful framework within which to examine the link between cognitive representations of anticipated alcohol related outcomes and affective processes that ought to shape behavior at the level of implicit, or automatic, processing. The role of affect in alcohol expectancies is an important one as it reflects the approach-avoid contingency associated with reward learning presumed to underlie addictive processes. This study examined the relationship between affect and expectancy operation by using suboptimally presented alcohol related cues to prime affectively congruent evaluations of otherwise unrelated targets. Hypotheses predicted that drinkers who reported higher positive and arousing expectancies for alcohol outcomes would make affective evaluations (but not semantic categorizations) more accurately when target stimuli were preceded with an alcohol picture or word prime. Analysis of drinking and expectancy variables revealed positive relationships between drinking frequency and social/physical pleasure expectancies, as well as tension reduction expectancies. No relationships were found between drinking quantity and expectancies. Evaluation response accuracy was not related to alcohol expectancies. Discussion centers on potential reasons for lack of findings, including experimenter error and design limitations.

Download or read book The Influence of Extraversion and Social Anxiety on the Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Consumption of College Students written by Brandon B. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Social Anxiety Alcohol Expectancies and Self efficacy as Predictors of Heavy Drinking in College Students written by Donna Michele Gilles and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Social Anxiety and Drinking Behaviors in College Students written by Toby Board and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: