Download or read book The Economic Implications of Deep Integration in the EU Turkey Customs Union written by Yiannis Zahariadis and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Implications for Turkey of a Customs Union with the European Union written by Glenn W. Harrison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On the trade integration effects of the customs union between Turkey and the EU written by Susanne Voigt and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2008-03-11 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: This working paper shall investigate the trade integration between Turkey and the EU. The plan of this book is as follows. At first the historical background of the development concerning the trade relations between the two parties is conveyed. This includes the period from first association to implementing a customs union (CU) between Turkey and the European Union (EU) and to deeper integration abolishing barriers of trade until today. Subsequently an evaluation of the influence of the customs union follows in chapter 3 which constitutes the main part of the paper. Hereby the analysis is divided into the short-term static and long-term dynamic effects of the CU with the EU that Turkey entered on 1st January 1996. To analyze the static effects this paper adopts Viner s traditional approach, by comparing the trade creation effects with the trade diversion effects resulting from the removal of trade restrictions for Turkey and the EU as a whole. Thus, the predominant economical theory applied in this paper is the neoclassical customs union theory. This theory was chosen because it still is the predominant and widely recognized theory in analyzing trade data providing a variety of tools. Within the neoclassical theory Ricardo as well as Heckscher-Ohlin play an important role as a tool of analysis. In the relevant passages in the text the most important theoretical principles will be explained with the help of the Turkish example. At the limits of the neoclassical theories the new trade theory is supposed to help out especially where the assumptions of the neoclassical theory limit further analysis. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze the question how the trade liberalization in form of the CU between Turkey and the EU influences the development of Turkish welfare, specialization in different sectors, economies of scale, competitiveness, technological transfer and direct foreign investment. In some parts of the paper the analysis also refers to some effects for the EU, but main emphasis shall clearly be laid upon the effects on the Turkish economy. For the analysis foreign trade data is used which was compiled by the Turkish Undersecretariat of the Prime Ministry for Foreign Trade, the Prime Ministry Undersecretariat of Treasury, the Turkish Statistical Institute and Eurostat. Finding the adequate data created difficulties because of different time spans available and data from different sources being not comparable. [...]

Download or read book Economic Implications for Turkey of a Customs Union with the European Union written by David Tarr and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May 1996 Turkey stands to gain from 1 to 1.5 percent of GDP annually from the customs union arrangement with the European Union. It also stands to lose about 1.4 percent of GDP from lost tariff revenues. Applying the value-added tax (VAT) uniformly (instead of just raising it) would allow VAT rates to fall while compensating for the revenue loss from reduced tariffs and increasing the welfare gain from the customs union. Turkey and the European Union (EU) have agreed to implement a customs union. This means Turkey will eliminate its tariffs and levies on imports of manufactured products from the European Union. Turkey will also apply the EU's common external tariff on imports from third countries. Turkey will be obligated by 2001 to provide preferential access to its markets to all countries to which the EU grants such access. Since Turkey is both eliminating tariffs on EU imports and reducing tariffs on imports from third countries, it will become a rather open economy in nonagricultural sectors, with tariffs below 2 percent (zero for imports from the EU and slightly over an average 3 percent for third countries). And since preferential access agreements with third countries will typically be reciprocal, Turkish exporters can expect improved access to those markets. According to Harrison, Rutherford, and Tarr, Turkey's biggest gains from the customs union arrangement will come from this improved access to third country markets. Using a comparative static computable general equilibrium model of Turkey, they estimate that Turkey stands to gain between 1 and 1.5 percent of GDP annually from the customs union arrangement with the EU, depending on what complementary policies it adopts. They also estimate that lost tariff revenues will amount to 1.4 percent of GDP. For Turkey to avoid worsening its fiscal deficit, it must find ways to reduce expenditures or increase revenues. Its best choice is to reduce expenditures through accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises which will generate a number of macroeconomic and efficiency benefits in addition to the fiscal benefits. If a value-added tax (VAT) is used as a replacement tax, they estimate that VAT rates must increase 16.2 percent in each sector -- for example, from 10 percent to 11.6 percent -- to compensate for the revenue losses from implementing the full customs union. But uniform application of the VAT would allow the VAT rates to fall while still compensating for the loss from reduced tariffs and would increase the welfare gain from the customs union. This paper -- a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze the impact of regional trading arrangements. The study was funded, in part, by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project The Impact of EC92 and Trade Integration on Selected Mediterranean Countries (RPO 675-64).

Download or read book The Customs Union Between Turkey and the EU written by Susanne Voigt and published by Diplomica Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper shall investigate the trade integration between Turkey and the EU. The plan of the book is as follows. At first the historical background of the development concerning the trade relations between the two parties is conveyed. This includes the period from first association to implementing a customs union (CU) between Turkey and the European Union (EU) and to deeper integration abolishing barriers of trade until today. Subsequently an evaluation of the influence of the customs union follows in chapter 3 which constitutes the main part of the paper. Hereby the analysis is divided into the short-term static and long-term dynamic effects of the CU with the EU that Turkey entered on 1st January 1996. To analyze the static effects this paper adopts Viner's traditional approach, by comparing the trade creation effects with the trade diversion effects resulting from the removal of trade restrictions for Turkey and the EU as a whole. Thus, the predominant economical theory applied in this paper is the neoclassical customs union theory. This theory was chosen because it still is the predominant and widely recognized theory in analyzing trade data providing a variety of tools. Within the neoclassical theory Ricardo as well as Heckscher-Ohlin play an important role as a tool of analysis. In the relevant passages in the text the most important theoretical principles will be explained with the help of the Turkish example. At the limits of the neoclassical theories the new trade theory is supposed to help out especially where the assumptions of the neoclassical theory limit further analysis. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze the question how the trade liberalization in form of the CU between Turkey and the EU influences the development of Turkish welfare, specialization in different sectors, economies of scale, competitiveness, technological transfer and direct foreign investment. In some parts of the paper the analysis also refers to some effects for the EU, bu

Download or read book Economic Implications for Turkey of Customs Union with the European Union written by Glenn W. Harrison and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Implications for Turkey of a Customs Union with the European Union written by Glenn W. Harrison and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey stands to gain fro ...

Download or read book Static Effects of the EU Turkey Customs Union written by Fatma Karaman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on the economic effects of Turkey- EU Customs Union increased considerably in the last years, as a result of the deepening of the relations between the two parties. This is mainly due to the opening of the accession negotiations between Turkey and the European Union in October 1995. The first part of this study focuses on the evaluation of Turkey's trade figures. This study aims to investigate Turkey's import demand function using an econometric panel data application. First the analysis was made for Turkey's general import demand function. A good reason for that is the removal of European Community's tariffs on its imports from Turkey in 1971 while Turkey waited the entering into force of the Customs Union in 1996 for abolishing the trade barriers to the EU. Our findings show that Turkey's import demand is income elastic and price inelastic. The analysis was repeated for the main import sectors and empirical findings indicate that Customs Union Agreement has trade creation effects among some sectors and trade diversion effects among some others, while no effects at all could be calculated for the remaining.

Download or read book The Customs Union Between the European Union and Turkey and Its Impacts on Turkey s Economy written by Kip Becker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since World War II nations have formed alliances for reasons of security and trade. Countries have seen international integration as an appropriate approach to resolving domestic and international political issues, improving their welfare by both transforming their infrastructures and increasing their foreign trade. While the majority of these relationships are straightforward d Turkey's relationship with the European Union is more complex due to differences in religion and, at times, political ideology from other Union members. As a candidate country Turkey has made advances towards the full membership of the European Union with the customs union being the most significant. The impact of customs union membership is discussed and the effects of the customs union on Turkey's trade and economy are examined from a perspective of different economic theories.

Download or read book A Tale of almost 1001 Coefficients written by Mario Larch and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of the deferred start of negotiations for the modernization of the Customs Union between the EU and Turkey (CU-EUT), we look back and analyse the ex post trade consequences of the CU-EUT. Employing up-to-date econometric best practices for regional integration agreements, we quantify both total and heterogeneous trade effects of the CU-EUT. In contrast to most previous studies, our results indicate a significantly positive, large, and robust impact of the CU-EUT, implying an additional increase in EU-Turkey manufacturing trade by 55-65% compared to the previously active Ankara Agreement. We also provide evidence that the CU-EUT significantly increased Turkey's trade with third countries. Additionally, a substantial heterogeneity in the CUEUT effect is found across different industries as well as for each of its member countries and the direction of trade. We link the heterogeneity of our up to 911 coefficient estimates to differences in initial trade costs and show that it cannot be ascribed to reductions in bilateral tariff rates.

Download or read book The EU Turkey Customs Union and Trade Relations written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This in-depth analysis summarizes the main effects of the Customs Union (CU) on EU-Turkey trade and the economic situation in Turkey. Whereas the CU offers Turkey several economic benefits, it also implies some downsides, in particular asymmetric tariffs in relation to third countries. Against the background of the dynamic development of EU-Turkey relations, the authors assess the impact of four different options for developing EU-Turkey economic and trade relations: (i) Continuation of the current Customs Union framework as it stands, (ii) Modernization and upgrading of the Customs Union, (iii) A transformation of the bilateral trade relations into a deep and comprehensive free trade agreement (DCFTA), (iv) Suspension of the Customs Union (in which case WTO rules would apply). The in-depth-analysis describes the options, the challenges the EU-Turkey Customs Union faces and seeks solutions for these issues.

Download or read book Effects of Including Agricultural Products in the Customs Union Between Turkey and the EU written by Harald Grethe and published by Peter Lang Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2004 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inclusion of agricultural products in the current customs union is one of the potential future steps on the road to further political and economic integration between Turkey and the EU. This book examines the effects of such integration of agricultural markets on the Turkish agricultural sector as well as on consumers and the Turkish budget. Results are compared to alternative options for Turkish agricultural policy. To this aim, a detailed partial equilibrium model of the Turkish agricultural sector is developed. The complete liberalization of the agricultural sector is found to lead to significant welfare gains compared to the maintenance of current policies. It appears that including agricultural products in the customs union results in similar results with few but significant exemptions.

Download or read book Evaluation of the EU Turkey Customs Union written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The implementation of the customs union (CU) in 1995 was the culmination of thirty-two years of association between the European Union (EU) and Turkey and was expected by Turkey to be the first step in the EU accession process. The CU has been a major instrument of integration for the Turkish economy into both European and global markets. The CU covers trade in just industrial goods (including the industrial components of processed agricultural products) and excludes primary agriculture, services, and public procurement but has proved to be a powerful force of regulatory convergence. The evaluation s objectives are to assess the impacts of the CU and to make forward looking, solution-orientated recommendations for its improvement with an emphasis on the economics behind the various trade irritants and options for dealing with problems related to asymmetries as well as examining the case for widening. The evaluation provides quantitative and qualitative estimates of the effects of the CU and demonstrates that the trade agreement has been highly beneficial for both Turkey and the EU. The evaluation consists of two main parts: (i) an evaluation of the impact of the CU on trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and more broadly, welfare in Turkey through the effects it has had on trade policy, eliminating the need for rules of origin (ROOs) on preferential trade with the EU and implementing the acquis in areas covered by the CU; and (ii) a review of current limitations of the existing trade arrangement, potential gains in dealing with these as well as modalities for reform. The evaluation has six sections. Section one gives introduction. Section two reviews trade and investment outcomes between the EU and Turkey. Section three examines the effects the CU has had on the trade policy environment for Turkey. Section four provides an overview of EU-Turkey trade relations in terms of Turkey s harmonization with EU regulations and use of trade defense instruments. The fifth section examines the potential impacts of widening the trade arrangement to cover new areas in agriculture and services and makes proposals for the modalities that can be used to include these as part of an agreement including in the context of full accession. Section six presents conclusions and recommendations.

Download or read book Economic Feasibility of Turkey s Economic Integration with the EU written by Etem Karakaya and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Main aim of this paper is to measure the feasibility of Turkey's integration with the EU from an economic point of view. For this purpose, we decompose the effect of economic integration into trade creation (TC) and trade diversion (TD) by using the well-known revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The RCA index has also been used to analyze the impacts of Turkeys' accession into the European markets with Customs Union Agreement on Mediterranean countries' (namely Greece, Portugal and Spain) trade. Diversity in the RCA indices among member countries and Turkey should be closely related to the magnitude of TC. On the other hand, TD occurs in the case of a union in goods in which the outside region as a whole has a comparative advantage. The results show that the export structures differ significantly between Turkey and the EU. Based on the RCA index, we would expect an intra-regional trade creation effect in the case of commodity groups' agriculture, food, beverages and tobacco, textiles, paper products, chemicals, non-metals, basic metals and metal manufacture. The results also suggest that the Mediterranean countries trade with the EU might be jeopardized as a result of Turkey's accession into the European markets without trade barriers.

Download or read book The Economic Integration of Europe written by Richard Pomfret and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The clearest and most up-to-date account of the achievementsÑand setbacksÑof the European Union since 1945. Europe has been transformed since the Second World War. No longer a checkerboard of entirely sovereign states, the continent has become the largest single-market area in the world, with most of its members ceding certain economic and political powers to the central government of the European Union. This shift is the product of world-historical change, but the process is not well understood. The changes came in fits and starts. There was no single blueprint for reform; rather, the EU is the result of endless political turmoil and dazzling bureaucratic gymnastics. As Brexit demonstrates, there are occasional steps backward, too. Cutting through the complexity, Richard Pomfret presents a uniquely clear and comprehensive analysis of an incredible achievement in economic cooperation. The Economic Integration of Europe follows all the major steps in the creation of the single market since the postwar establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community. Pomfret identifies four stages of development: the creation of a customs union, the deepening of economic union with the Single Market, the years of monetary union and eastward expansion, and, finally, problems of consolidation. Throughout, he details the economic benefits, costs, and controversies associated with each step in the evolution of the EU. What lies ahead? Pomfret concludes that, for all its problems, Europe has grown more prosperous from integration and is likely to increase its power on the global stage.

Download or read book Andorra and the European Union written by Michael Emerson and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Turkey and the European Union written by Senem Aydin-Düzgit and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book by two leading experts provides a comprehensive analysis of Turkey's relationship with the European Union, set in its regional and international context. It provides three analytical lenses through which the relationship might be understood – Turkey as an enlargement country, as an EU neighbour and as a global partner – and unpacks the implications of each. Turkey and the European Union focuses on the five pillars that help define the relationship: economics, migration, security, democracy and human rights, and culture and identity. It shows how the differing perspectives on Turkey's role can influence events and developments in these areas, and it traces the profound fluctuations in relations, from the Association Agreement of 1963, to the candidacy for full membership of 1999, to the limbo of today. Turkey continues to be a critically important country for the European Union. The relationship has consequences that are both ideational, embedded in history, politics, identity and culture, and material, relating to economics, energy and security. In examining this complex relationship, this book addresses a key issue for Europe's future, and does so in a fashion that is both sophisticated and accessible.