Download or read book The Ecological and Genetic Impacts of Escaped Farmed Salmon on Wild Salmon with Recommended Management Measures for Southern Newfoundland written by Keith M. Rideout and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonid farming is a new and exciting industry for the rural areas of Newfoundland and Labrador; particularly those on the south coast of the Island in Bay d'Espoir and Fortune Bay. As with any industrial activity there are environmental impacts. In salmonid aquaculture these can include impacts related to farm effluents, disease amplification and transfer to wild stocks, and impacts associated with escapees from freshwater and marine farms. This paper attempts to highlight the degree of the escapement problem, particularly in those instances where the escaping species are free to interact and mate with wild conspecifics. This is the case in southern Newfoundland where domesticated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are farmed in areas with natural Atlantic salmon runs. The impacts of farmed escapees will depend upon the degree of difference from wild salmon and on the ability of farmed escapees to perform (i.e., survive, grow, reproduce) in the wild. When farmed salmon are able to escape and survive in the wild, their impacts on wild salmon can be loosely separated into ecological, genetic and those related to disease transfer. This paper concentrates on ecological and genetic impacts with less emphasis on disease transfer issues. This approach was taken to limit discussion of escapee impacts to those possible after farmed salmon escape. Disease transfer from farmed fish, it is suggested, is as likely to occur from intact cages of fish as it is from escaped individual fish. Suitable farm siting and appropriate farm practice, particularly as it relates to containment issues, are the best ways to minimize the impact that farmed escapees can have on wild salmon stocks. To this end, Newfoundland and Labrador does consider wild salmon populations in its site licensing process, prior to farm establishment, and has developed one of the more elaborate and stringent Codes of Containment of any jurisdiction in the North Atlantic. There is still work to be done, however; programs to externally mark farmed Atlantic salmon, so that they can be differentiated from wild Atlantics, and to remove farmed Atlantic salmon from 'valuable' rivers prior to ascension, are needed.
Download or read book The Potential Direct and Indirect Genetic Consequences for Native Newfoundland Atlantic Salmon from Interbreeding with European origin Farm Escapes written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With regard to the use of Norwegian farm strains of Atlantic salmon in the aquaculture industry in Newfoundland, the main identified issues of concern are: the increased potential for ecological effects from animals in culture; the increased potential for direct and indirect genetic impacts from farm escapes; the potential for preventing or reducing the likelihood of escapes from culture; the potential for preventing or reducing post-escape interactions.
Download or read book Assessment of the Risk of Invasion of National Forest Streams in the Pacific Northwest by Farmed Atlantic Salmon written by Peter A. Bisson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the evidence for invasion of Pacific Northwest streams by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that have escaped from marine salmon farms, and assesses the potential impact of farmed salmon invasion on native fishes inhabiting streams on National Forest System lands. The current risk to streams on National Forest lands in the Pacific Northwest from Atlantic salmon invasions appears to be low and is limited to a few areas in northwest Washington and southeast Alaska. However, long-term risks may be substantial if fish continue to escape from marine rearing pens or freshwater hatcheries. The two greatest threats appear to be that (1) Atlantic salmon could transmit a serious disease or parasite to native fishes, and (2) escaped salmon could eventually adapt to local conditions, leading to self-sustaining populations. If Atlantic salmon populations are eventually established, this species preference for swiftly flowing stream habitats could facilitate competition with currently at-risk species such as steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This could result in a pattern of expansion similar to that observed in other nonnative aquatic plants and animals, in which a prolonged early colonization period is followed by a rapid phase of exponential growth as breeding populations adapt to local conditions.
Download or read book Interaction Between Wild and Farmed Atlantic Salmon in the Maritime Provinces written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides records of the peer review meeting for the evaluation of the state of current knowledge regarding the interactions between wild & farmed Atlantic salmon in the Maritime Provinces. During the five-day session, 19 working papers were peer reviewed and the comments & concerns, along with author responses, are summarized in the rapporteur reports prepared for each paper. These reports include detailed research & management recommendations for immediate & long-term action in each specific case. Topics of papers include: the salmon aquaculture industry in the Maritimes and Maine; the status of wild Atlantic salmon stocks in the Maritimes; aquaculture escapees & occurrence in rivers of the Maritime Provinces; genetic & other impacts of escaped salmon; breeding programs for performance improvement of Atlantic salmon; fish disease agents in cultivated & wild salmon; ecological & behavioural interactions between farmed & wild salmon; regulations & policies to control & minimize negative impacts from aquaculture on wild salmon stocks; options for farmed salmon containment; and disease control in farmed salmon.
Download or read book Salmon at the Edge written by Derek Mills and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmon at the Edge covers, in depth, the problems faced by wild Atlantic salmon and sea trout in estuaries and coastal zones, and in their early weeks at sea. The book also reflects the current precarious state of many migratory salmonid populations and the need for new approaches to a number of threats to these populations. Generated from papers given at the landmark Sixth Atlantic Salmon Symposium, held in Edinburgh, UK, Salmon at the Edge contains a huge wealth of information on such important topics as the impact of salmon farming, the behaviour of post-smolts in their early migration and their vulnerability to by-catch, and the use of nutrient enrichment and habitat enhancement to increase production of juvenile salmonids. With chapters written by internationally-known and respected authors, and including a message of support from His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales, this important volume is essential reading for all those involved with salmonid fishes, including fish biologists, fisheries scientists and managers, environmental, marine and freshwater scientists, and personnel involved in salmon aquaculture. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies on their shelves. The Sixth Atlantic Salmon Symposium, from which chapters in this book have been generated, was organised by The Atlantic Salmon Trust and The Atlantic Salmon Federation, and was published with the financial support of The Fishmongers’ Company and Scottish and Southern Energy. Derek Mills of The Atlantic Salmon Trust, Pitlochry, Perthshire, UK has many years of research, writing and editing experience in salmon biology and fisheries
Download or read book Genetic Influence on Survival and Fitness related Traits of Juvenile Farmed Wild and Hybrid Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar in Nature written by Samantha E. Crowley and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) have experienced multiple generations of selection pressures different from those experienced by their wild counterparts. Farmed fish escape from aquaculture facilities regularly, and their interbreeding with wild fish can result in lower wild population productivity and altered life history traits. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of relative performance of farmed, wild, and hybrid salmon is critical to predicting impacts on wild populations from farmed escapees. In my first data chapter, I compared the relative survival, size, morphology, and parr marks of Atlantic Salmon parr (wild, farmed, and reciprocal F1 hybrids) over the first summer of growth at three replicate sites in southern Newfoundland. There was a consistent pattern of relative survival across all sites (wild-mother hybrids > pure wild > pure farmed > farmed-mother hybrids), with wild fish consistently smallest in size, and wild-mother hybrids and farmed fish largest. In addition, I found small differences in body shape related mainly to body depth, and differences among sites for parr mark size. In my second data chapter, I compared lipid and fatty acid profiles at release and recapture for farmed, wild and hybrid parr. There were lipid profile differences among cross types at both time points and in addition, pure farmed fish displayed a greater decrease in storage lipids and certain fatty acids characteristic of freshwater invertebrate prey over the experimental period when compared with other cross types. Overall, there were measurable differences in survival and fitness-related traits among cross types, even over a relatively short experimental period under favourable conditions. Ultimately, this research provides key data on relative cross type performance for North American populations of Atlantic Salmon that may help inform predictive models, and subsequent aquaculture management and mitigation decisions.
Download or read book Evaluation of Potential Direct Genetic Effects of the Proposed Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Aquaculture Site Expansion in Southern Newfoundland written by Ian Bradbury and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interaction Between Wild and Farmed Atlantic Salmon in the Maritime Provinces written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bulletin examines issues related to concerns that farmed salmon are interacting & adversely impacting the production & sustainability of wild Atlantic salmon stocks of the Maritime Provinces. It begins with an overview of the salmon farming industry in the Maritimes & Maine and examines the status of wild Atlantic salmon stocks in the Maritimes generally and also in two specific stocks. Factors potentially affecting wild salmon abundance are then discussed along with the evidence of wild/farmed salmon interaction in Maritime rivers & other locations. This is followed by a review of potential ecological, behavioural, disease, & genetic impacts of such interaction; a prediction of interaction impacts using a life history model; the conventions, regulatory controls, & policies relevant to the issues at hand; and the scientifically based options for mitigation of the impacts of wild/farmed salmon interaction. The final sections outline fishery management considerations & recommendations for further research.
Download or read book Protecting Wild Atlantic Salmon from Impacts of Salmon Aquaculture written by Gareth Porter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Genetic Impact on Native Atlantic Salmon Populations Resulting from the Escape of Farmed Salmon written by Stephen L. Clifford and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlantic Salmon Ecology written by Øystein Aas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive. Comprehensively covering all major aspects of the relationship of the Atlantic salmon with its environment, chapters include details of migration and dispersal, reproduction, habitat requirements, feeding, growth rates, competition, predation, parasitsm, population dynamics, effects of landscape use, hydro power development, climate change, and exploitation. The book closes with a summary and look at possible future research directions. Backed by the Norwegian Research Council and with editors and contributors widely known and respected, Atlantic Salmon Ecology is an essential purchase for all those working with this species, including fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, ecologists, physiologists, environmental biologists and aquatic scientists, fish and wildlife department personnel and regulatory bodies. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important publication. Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon is one of the world's most commercially important species Backed by the Norwegian Research Council Experienced editor and internationally respected contributors
Download or read book Genetic Conservation of Salmonid Fishes written by Joseph G. Cloud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the human population increases and nations become more industrialized, the habitat and water quality required for the survival of fish continues to decline. In addition to these environmental factors, fish populations are directly or potentially affected by harvesting, enhancement programs and introgression with hatchery-propagated or transgenic fish. To our knowledge no other scientific meeting has been assembled to consider the breadth of the problem, to review the technology that is presently available for the preservation of the germ plasm of salmonid stocks and to identify the scientific advances that are required to overcome the problems. Because many salmonids have spawning grounds within the confines of a specific region or county but will spend a large portion of their life cycle within the territorial waters of other countries or in the open ocean, the preservation of unique genes or gene pools in these animals requires international cooperation. This scientific meeting has provided a forum in which to discuss the problems, evaluate the present methods or technology for addressing the problems and suggest new directions or innovations that need to be implemented. During this meeting we limited our discussion to salmonid fishes. However, the general conclusions about the factors that affect the population dynamics of fish stocks and the technical aspects concerning the preservation of germ plasm will be applicable to other fish species.
Download or read book Genetic Impacts on Wild Atlantic Salmon Salmo Safar L Stocks from Escaped Farm Conspecifics written by Eric Verspoor and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potential Genetic Interaction Between Wild and Farm Salmon of the Same Species written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An issue of concern to all stakeholders interested in wild fish populations is whether the incursion of farmed fish into a wild stock will threaten the viability of the wild stock or cause a loss of genetic diversity. This paper covers the genetic aspects of this question, which is limited to the interaction between wild & farmed fish of the same species. It begins with theoretical background on issues relevant to the interaction between wild & farmed salmon, including fitness, genetic variance, and natural selection. It then discusses the expected fitness of small & large wild salmon stocks and how the fitness of a farm stock changes in a selective breeding program. Finally, it sets out the expected genetic impact of escaped farmed fish on wild stocks and outlines the best way to maintain a healthy wild stock.
Download or read book Managing Wild Atlantic Salmon written by Frederick Gilbert Whoriskey and published by St. Andrews, N.B. : Atlantic Salmon Federation. This book was released on 2000 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
Download or read book Physical Containment Approaches to Mitigate Potential Escape of European origin Atlantic Salmon in South Coast Newfoundland Aquaculture Operations written by Christopher John Bridger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
