Download or read book The Distributional Implications of Tax Expenditures and Comprehensive Income Taxation written by Daniel H. Weinberg and published by . This book was released on with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax expenditures (deviations from the "normal" tax structure) and other provisions of the tax code result in revenue losses to the federal government. This paper uses microsimulation to provide estimates of individual effects of the major provision of the individual income tax code on the income distribution. The combination of exclusions from adjusted gross income and deductions from taxable income lead to approximately $250 billion in revenue loss. When all tax expenditures are examined together, at least half of the benefits of tax expenditures go to the one-fifth of families with the highest incomes and three-quarters go to the two-fifths with highest incomes. The poorest two-fifths get less than one-fifth of the total benefits from tax expenditures. Both 1979 and 1983 tax law increased income equality-- by 7 percent and 6 percent, respectively. The most income-leveling alternative tested here would increase equality another 4 percent. The Tax Reform Act of 1976 will reduce income inequality, but only slightly when compared to the old law.
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Government Spending and Taxation written by D. Papadimitriou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-05-26 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the distributional consequences of the public sector and examines and documents, theoretically and empirically, the effects of government spending and taxation on personal distribution, and includes chapters investigating the relationship between the public sector and functional distribution of national income.
Download or read book Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures written by United States. Department of the Treasury and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic Impacts of Tax Transfer Policy written by Fredrick L. Golladay and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic Impacts of Tax—Transfer Policy: Regional and Distributional Effects deals with evaluating proposed income-transfer policies through tax modeling. The book analyzes the direct and indirect effects of two variants of a negative income tax plan. These are the standard negative income tax and the Family Assistance Plan. By studying the indirect effects of income-maintenance programs on industries, occupations, and different regions, the authors point to understanding the effectiveness of alternative income-maintenance programs. Proposed changes in national taxes and transfer policies aim to achieve income redistribution. In their studies and models, the authors noted that the full impact of these tax policies throughout the income spectra covering different income classes, industries, occupations, and regions is different from that gathered from observations involving the direct effects of these schemes. The authors cite some policy implications resulting from their study, such as the redistributional impacts of direct tax-transfer scheme are not as efficient as expected and that increasing the demand for low-skilled workers and improving their job qualities is one way of improving income distribution. The text is valuable for economists and government policymakers in the finance and labor sectors, as well as for sociologists and political economists.
Download or read book The Distributional Impact of Taxes and Transfers written by Gabriela Inchauste and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank has partnered with the Commitment to Equity Institute at Tulane University to implement their diagnostic tool—the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment—designed to assess how taxation and public expenditures affect income inequality, poverty, and different economic groups. The approach relies on comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis, which measures the contribution of each individual intervention to poverty and inequality reduction as well as the combined impact of taxes and social spending. The CEQ Assessment provide an evidence base upon which alternative reform options can be analyzed. The use of a common methodology makes the results comparable across countries. This volume presents eight country studies that examine the distributional effects of individual programs and policy measures—and the net effect of each country’s mix of policies and programs. These case studies were produced in the context of Bank policy dialogue and have since been used to propose alternative reform options.
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Personal Income Tax Expenditure written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Tax Policy written by Joseph A. Pechman and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fifth edition of Federal Tax Policy, like its predecessors, is intended to explain such issues so that the interested citizen may better understand and contribute to public discussion of tax policy. This edition reflects tax developments between 1983 and 1987 and emphasizes the newer issues: comprehensive income taxation, the effects of taxation on economic incentives, inflation adjustments for income tax purposes, the relative merits of graduated income taxes and expenditure taxes, and changes in the fiscal relations between the federal and the state and local governments.
Download or read book Brazil Tax Expenditure Rationalization Within Broader Tax Reform written by Maria Delgado Coelho and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The excessive complexity and burden of the Brazilian tax system, riddled by cumulative indirect taxes and heavy payroll contributions, have led to an accumulation of fiscal incentives aimed at reducing its burden on taxpayers and productive activities. Federal and subnational tax expenditures currently stand at over 5 percent of GDP. Rationalizing them can only be comprehensively feasible in the context of a broader sequenced tax reform, and could reduce resource misallocation and income inequality, as well as provide new revenues.
Download or read book An Economic Analysis of Income Tax Reforms written by G. C. Ruggeri and published by Aldershot, England : Ashgate. This book was released on 1998 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this book is to compare two polar approaches to personal income tax reform in terms of both efficiency and equity. The possible options, using Canada as an example, are evaluated at both theoretical and empirical levels.
Download or read book The Distribution of Major Tax Expenditures in the Individual Income Tax System written by Edward Harris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Policy and the Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reforming Tax Expenditures in Italy written by Justin Tyson and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IMF has advised country authorities to roll back tax expenditures as a way to support fiscal consolidation efforts—urging them to evaluate tax expenditures according to clear criteria, and assessing their impact on public finances, economic efficiency, equity, and administrative and compliance costs. This paper analyzes tax expenditures in Italy, considering the extent to which tax expenditures can be considered part of an optimal tax system and possible reforms.
Download or read book The Political Economy of Inequality written by Sisay Asefa and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book encapsulates the six papers delivered during the 54th Werner Sichel Lecture Series, held on the campus of Western Michigan University during the academic year 2017-2018. The book's title is taken from the theme for that year's lecture series, "The Political Economy of Inequality: U.S. and Global Dimensions.""--
Download or read book Tax Expenditure Reporting and Its Use in Fiscal Management written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note aims to inform governments on how to account for tax expenditures and use that information in fiscal management. The emphasis is on developing and emerging market economies, where the use of such accounts is in its infancy because of data constraints, insufficient human and financial resources, and weak fiscal institutions. Most developing economies, more-over, do not have tax policy units in their Ministry of Finance to provide analytical support to the govern¬ment and legislature that integrates all revenue policy aspects. As a result, the tax policy framework can be fragmented: line ministries compete in the provision of sectoral tax incentives, but do not report on their cost. The note is organized as follows. The second section outlines the role that tax expenditure measurement and reporting can play in fiscal management. The third section provides a step-by-step approach on how tax expenditure accounts can be built, with emphasis on data, methods and models, and institutional requirements. The section is concerned primarily with the direct cost of tax expenditures—that is, the revenue forgone because of them. It does not deal with their indirect costs, which could include economic efficiency losses and additional tax administration resources, and it does not address assessment of the benefits of tax expenditures. The fourth summarizes the current sta¬tus of tax expenditure reporting in developing econo¬mies, with some reference to advanced economies. The last section concludes.
Download or read book Tax Expenditures in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-05 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on the use of tax expenditures, mainly through a study of ten OECD countries: Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. It highlights key trends and successful practices.
Download or read book Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taxing Capital Income written by Henry J. Aaron and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2007 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether to tax income from wealth has sparked debate since our country's inception. Does taxing capital income ensure the progressivity of our system or merely discourage saving? Would switching our tax code to one that taxes only consumption be more efficient or only burden middle- and low-income people? And if we were to radically reform the way America taxes its citizens, how could we ensure that vital revenue would not be lost? Some analysts would even argue that, under our present byzantine tax system, we don't really tax capital income at all. In this volume, eminent economists analyze the problems associated with taxing capital income and propose policy solutions, which are then challenged by their peers in informed commentary. It may not settle the debate, but policymakers, scholars, and the public will find a wealth of information and ideas to consider.
