Download or read book The Dislocation of the Roman Army in Raetia written by István Gergő Farkas and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2015 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last century, researchers have uncovered approximately 50 Roman forts via excavations in Raetia. The rapid technological advancement of the last two decades allowed to use a variety of non-destructive methods, which enabled the discovery of more than 30 forts and Roman military installations, previously unknown. Furthermore, these new methods allowed observation of the mostly unknown inner layout of previously known forts, which led to many cases of chronologies being drastically redefined, as these had previously been dependent on find typologies. New inscriptions displaying the names of units have also been found, which enriches our knowledge on provincial military history. H. -J. Kellner's 1971 system for the dislocation of auxiliary troops in Raetia is still used by those who publish Roman military diplomas; an overall re-examination and reestablishment is yet to be done. This book aims to: collect, organize and examine different sources of Roman military history in Raetia; establish the dislocation system of the army during the Principate; and provide an up-to-date synthesis of the social, economic and religious aspects of the army in provincial life.
Download or read book Naming and Mapping the Gods in the Ancient Mediterranean written by Thomas Galoppin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-12-31 with total page 1274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient religions are definitely complex systems of gods, which resist our understanding. Divine names provide fundamental keys to gain access to the multiples ways gods were conceived, characterized, and organized. Among the names given to the gods many of them refer to spaces: cities, landscapes, sanctuaries, houses, cosmic elements. They reflect mental maps which need to be explored in order to gain new knowledge on both the structure of the pantheons and the human agency in the cultic dimension. By considering the intersection between naming and mapping, this book opens up new perspectives on how tradition and innovation, appropriation and creation play a role in the making of polytheistic and monotheistic religions. Far from being confined to sanctuaries, in fact, gods dwell in human environments in multiple ways. They move into imaginary spaces and explore the cosmos. By proposing a new and interdiciplinary angle of approach, which involves texts, images, spatial and archeaeological data, this book sheds light on ritual practices and representations of gods in the whole Mediterranean, from Italy to Mesopotamia, from Greece to North Africa and Egypt. Names and spaces enable to better define, differentiate, and connect gods.
Download or read book Across the Alps in Prehistory written by Gisela Grupe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the heart of this book is the matter of how isotopic landscapes combined with data mining enriches insights on prehistoric migration and cultural transfer. Isotopic mapping is an indispensable tool for the assessment of mobility and trade in the past, but is limited by eco-geographic redundancies. An interdisciplinary research group focuses on the archaeological isotopic landscape of a reference region of outstanding importance, namely the transalpine migration route via the Brenner Pass which has been in use since the Mesolithic. Over the period of several cultural epochs, cremation was either the most common or exclusive burial custom practiced. For the first time, a systematic and large scale investigation of cremated remains was being conducted in the field of prehistoric migration research.87Sr/86Sr, 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/207Pb and – if applicable - also δ18O were measured in human and animal skeletal finds, an isotopic map was established, and innovative methods of data mining and similarity research have been applied to accomplish this novel approach to studying prehistoric migration and culture transfer. The book has interdisciplinary appeal and scholars working in bioarchaeology, physical anthropology and computer applications in life sciences will find it of particular interest.
Download or read book Roman Religion in the Danubian Provinces written by Csaba Szabó and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Danubian provinces represent one of the largest macro-units within the Roman Empire, with a large and rich heritage of Roman material evidence. Although the notion itself is a modern 18th-century creation, this region represents a unique area, where the dominant, pre-Roman cultures (Celtic, Illyrian, Hellenistic, Thracian) are interconnected within the new administrative, economic and cultural units of Roman cities, provinces and extra-provincial networks. This book presents the material evidence of Roman religion in the Danubian provinces through a new, paradigmatic methodology, focusing not only on the traditional urban and provincial units of the Roman Empire, but on a new space taxonomy. Roman religion and its sacralized places are presented in macro-, meso- and micro-spaces of a dynamic empire, which shaped Roman religion in the 1st-3rd centuries AD and created a large number of religious glocalizations and appropriations in Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia Superior, Pannonia Inferior, Moesia Superior, Moesia Inferior and Dacia. Combining the methodological approaches of Roman provincial archaeology and religious studies, this work intends to provoke a dialogue between disciplines rarely used together in central-east Europe and beyond. The material evidence of Roman religion is interpreted here as a dynamic agent in religious communication, shaped by macro-spaces, extra-provincial routes, commercial networks, but also by the formation and constant dynamics of small group religions interconnected within this region through human and material mobilities. The book will also present for the first time a comprehensive list of sacralized spaces and divinities in the Danubian provinces.
Download or read book A Companion to the Roman Army written by Paul Erdkamp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This companion provides an extensive account of the Roman army, exploring its role in Roman politics and society as well as the reasons for its effectiveness as a fighting force. An extensive account of the Roman army, from its beginnings to its transformation in the later Roman Empire Examines the army as a military machine – its recruitment, training, organization, tactics and weaponry Explores the relationship of the army to Roman politics, economics and society more broadly Considers the geography and climate of the lands in which the Romans fought Each chapter is written by a leading expert in a particular subfield and takes account of the latest scholarly and archaeological research in that area
Download or read book Sanctuaries in Roman Dacia written by Csaba Szabo and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on lived ancient religious communication in Roman Dacia. Testing for the first time the ‘Lived Ancient Religion’ approach in terms of a peripheral province from the Danubian area, this work looks at the role of ‘sacralised’ spaces, known commonly as sanctuaries in the religious communication of the province.
Download or read book The Soldier of Raetia written by Heather Domin and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016-01-08 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rome, 10BC. Manilus Dardanus, a new soldier from the provinces, applies for a military sponsorship with Cassius Valerian, general of a small legion patrolling the Raetian frontier. Idealistic and naive, Dardanus has a lot to learn about the life he has chosen, and at first the brusque and reticent general seems the least willing candidate to teach him; but gradually a bond forms between this unlikely pair, one that neither could ever have imagined. Over the course of one blood-soaked summer in the wild, as Dardanus struggles with coming of age and Valerian wrestles the ghosts of his past, battles and betrayals will threaten that fragile bond - and possibly their lives.
Download or read book War and Society in Imperial Rome 31 BC AD 284 written by J. B. Campbell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-documented study of the Roman army provides a crucial aid to understanding the Roman Empire in economic, social and political terms. Employing numerous examples, Brian Campbell explores the development of the Roman army and the expansion of the Roman Empire from 31 BC-280 AD. When Augustus established a permanent, professional army, this implied a role for the Emperor as a military leader. Warfare and Society in Imperial Rome examines this personal association between army and emperor, and argues that the Emperor's position as commander remained much the same for the next 200 years.
Download or read book A History of the Roman World from A D 138 to 337 written by H.M.D. Parker and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-28 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of the Roman World from A.D. 138 to 337 (1958) looks at the last centuries of the Roman Empire, from the rule of Hadrian and his policy of consolidation of the Roman Empire, halting its further expansion, to the reign of Constantine and the rise of Christianity.
Download or read book Warfare and Society in Imperial Rome C 31 BC AD 280 written by Brian Campbell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-07-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-documented study of the Roman army provides a crucial aid to understanding the Roman Empire in economic, social and political terms. Employing numerous examples, Brian Campbell explores the development of the Roman army and the expansion of the Roman Empire from 31 BC-280 AD.When Augustus established a permanent, professional army, this i
Download or read book Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity written by Thomas S. Burns and published by MSU Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent publications on urbanism and the rural environment in Late Antiquity, most of which explore a single region or narrow chronological niche, have emphasized either textual or archeological evidence. None has attempted the more ambitious task of bringing together the full range of such evidence within a multiregional perspective and around common themes. Urban Centers and Rural Contexts seeks to redress this omission. While ancient literature and the physical remains of cities attest to the power that urban values held over the lives of their inhabitants, the rural areas in which the majority of imperial citizens lived have not been well served by the historical record. Only recently have archeological excavations and integrated field surveys sufficiently enhanced our knowledge of the rural contexts to demonstrate the continuing interdependence of urban centers and rural communities in Late Antiquity. These new data call into question the conventional view that this interdependence progressively declined as a result of governmental crises, invasions, economic dislocation, and the success of Christianization. The essays in this volume require us to abandon the search for a single model of urban and rural change; to reevaluate the cities and towns of the Empire as centers of habitation, rather than archeological museums; and to reconsider the evidence of continuous and pervasive cultural change across the countryside. Deploying a wide range of material as well as literary evidence, the authors provide access not only into the world of élites, but also to the scarcely known lives of those without a voice in the literature, those men and women who worked in the shops, labored in the fields, and humbled themselves before their gods. They bring us closer to the complexity of life in late ancient communities and, in consequence, closer to both urban and rural citizens.
Download or read book Protecting the Roman Empire written by Matthew Symonds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roman army enjoys an enviable reputation as an instrument of waging war, but as the modern world reminds us, an enduring victory requires far more than simply winning battles. When it came to suppressing counterinsurgencies, or deterring the depredations of bandits, the army frequently deployed small groups of infantry and cavalry based in fortlets. This remarkable installation type has never previously been studied in detail, and shows a new side to the Roman army. Rather than displaying the aggressive uniformity for which the Roman military is famous, individual fortlets were usually bespoke installations tailored to local needs. Examining fortlet use in north-west Europe helps explain the differing designs of the Empire's most famous artificial frontier systems: Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine Wall, and the Upper German and Raetian limites. The archaeological evidence is fully integrated with documentary sources, which disclose the gritty reality of life in a Roman fortlet.
Download or read book The Cambridge Ancient History written by Alan K. Bowman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-02-08 with total page 1228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period described in Volume X of the second edition of The Cambridge Ancient History begins in the year after the death of Julius Caesar and ends in the year after the fall of Nero, the last of the Julio-Claudian emperors. Its main theme is the transformation of the political configuration of the state and the establishment of the Roman Empire. Chapters 16 supply a political narrative history of the period. In chapters 7-12 the institutions of government are described and analysed. Chapters 13-14 offer a survey of the Roman world in this period region by region, and chapters 15-21 deal with the most important social and cultural developments of the era (the city of Rome; the structure of society; art, literature and law). Central to the period is the achievement of the first emperor, Augustus.
Download or read book Ancient Perspectives written by Richard J. A. Talbert and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-11-14 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient Perspectives encompasses a vast arc of space and time—Western Asia to North Africa and Europe from the third millennium BCE to the fifth century CE—to explore mapmaking and worldviews in the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In each society, maps served as critical economic, political, and personal tools, but there was little consistency in how and why they were made. Much like today, maps in antiquity meant very different things to different people. Ancient Perspectives presents an ambitious, fresh overview of cartography and its uses. The seven chapters range from broad-based analyses of mapping in Mesopotamia and Egypt to a close focus on Ptolemy’s ideas for drawing a world map based on the theories of his Greek predecessors at Alexandria. The remarkable accuracy of Mesopotamian city-plans is revealed, as is the creation of maps by Romans to support the proud claim that their emperor’s rule was global in its reach. By probing the instruments and techniques of both Greek and Roman surveyors, one chapter seeks to uncover how their extraordinary planning of roads, aqueducts, and tunnels was achieved. Even though none of these civilizations devised the means to measure time or distance with precision, they still conceptualized their surroundings, natural and man-made, near and far, and felt the urge to record them by inventive means that this absorbing volume reinterprets and compares.
Download or read book The Cambridge Ancient History The Augustan Empire 43 B C A D 69 2nd ed 1996 written by John Bagnell Bury and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12 The Crisis of Empire AD 193 337 written by Alan Bowman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-28 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the history of the Roman Empire from the accession of Septimius Severus in AD 193 to the death of Constantine in AD 337. This period was one of the most critical in the history of the Mediterranean world. It begins with the establishment of the Severan dynasty as a result of civil war. From AD 235 this period of relative stability was followed by half a century of short reigns of short-lived emperors and a number of military attacks on the eastern and northern frontiers of the empire. This was followed by the First Tetrarchy (AD 284-305), a period of collegial rule in which Diocletian, with his colleague Maximian and two junior Caesars (Constantius and Galerius), restabilised the empire. The period ends with the reign of the first Christian emperor, Constantine, who defeated Licinius and established a dynasty which lasted for thirty-five years.
Download or read book The Ripa Pannonica in Hungary written by Zsolt Visy and published by Akademiai Kiads. This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the history of the Roman Empire in what is now Hungary and considers the legacy of the Empire. The Roman Empire was the largest and longest existing empire in the history of the world. Its frontier extended as far as the Danube during the reign of Augustus, and Transdanubia formed a significant part of the province of Pannonia. The Roman Army's deployment along the frontiers began at the end of the first century AD. Between this point in time and the Late Roman Period (the fourth century AD), military units were only stationed along the province's frontier, the Danube River, and these river frontiers were denoted by the word ripa. The frontier in Pannonia extended from the Vienna Basin as far as the mouth of the Save River. It is typical that the sites of three legionary bases along this section of the frontier became the capitals of three countries: Vindobona (Vienna), Aquincum (Budapest), and Singidunum (Belgrade), although the latter belonged to the neighboring prov
