Download or read book The Dilemma of Toxic Substance Regulation written by John M. Mendeloff and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1988 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this provocative study, John Mendeloff shows that federal programs which set standards for toxic substances have twin dilemmas. The new standards that they establish are usually too strict and costly to justify the benefits they confer. But, at the same time, the slow pace of standard-setting means that many serious hazards are never addressed at all. Mendeloff argues that more extensive, but less strict, rulemaking could make both industry and workers better off and that changes in legislation are required to break the current stalemate. Mendeloff looks at workplace risks regulated, and not regulated, by OSHA. He discusses the thorny issue of how much our society should value the prevention of occupational disease deaths. His innovative investigation of "underregulation" brings together diverse data to show that moderate reductions in current exposure levels would often be beneficial. Regulating Toxic Substancesmakes a major contribution to our understanding of how regulation works by demonstrating that the strictness with which standards are set is a major cause of the slow pace. Administrative rulemaking procedures offer opportunities for those concerned about the reasonableness of standards - judges and other public officials, as well as the affected industries - to try to block or delay them. An important implication is that less strict standards would not necessarily reduce overall protection and might increase it. In a major discussion of regulatory reform, Mendeloff analyzes such alternatives to standard-setting as information and liability strategies and such generic changes in regulatory procedures as regulatory budget and regulatory negotiation. Finding that neither provides a sufficient response to the overregulation-underregulation problem, he proposes a three-step legislative package that could be applied at OSHA and other standard-setting agencies. John Mendeloff is a policy analyst affiliated with the Program in Science, Technology, and Public Affairs at the University of California, San Diego. This book is seventeenth in the series Regulation of Economic Activity, edited by Richard Schmalensee.
Download or read book The Toxic Substances Dilemma written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulating Toxic Substances written by Carl F. Cranor and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This treatise on the legal assessment of risks regarding toxic chemicals addresses the standards of evidence in legal proceedings and the regulatory decisions covering these chemicals.
Download or read book Regulating Toxic Substances written by Carl F. Cranor and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Justice requires that we tolerate the chance of such errors and that we resist the temptation to demand the most science intensive evaluation of each substance in order to protect individuals better from mistakes of undercompensation and underregulation. The role of science in the control of toxic substances is an important public philosophical issue, yet until now has received little discussion by philosophers. Regulating Toxic Substances addresses this subject in a way that speaks both to a well-informed public and to experts in several disciplines, including philosophy, risk assessment, environmental and tort law, environmental studies, and public health policy.
Download or read book Exploring the Domain of Accident Law written by Don DeWees and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-04 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid 1980s, there was a crisis in the availability, affordability, and adequacy of liability insurance in the United States and Canada. Mass tort claims such as the asbestos, DES, and Agent Orange litigation generated widespread public attention, and the tort system came to assume a heightened prominence in American life. While some scholars debate whether or not any such crisis still exists, there has been an increasing political, judicial and academic questioning of the goals and future of the tort system. Exploring the Domain of Tort Law reviews the evidence on the efficacy of the tort system and its alternatives. By looking at empirical evidence in five major categories of accidents--automobile, medical malpractice, product-related accidents, environmental injuries, and workplace injuries--the authors evaluate the degree to which the tort system conforms to three normative goals: deterrence, corrective justice, and distributive justice. In each case, the authors review the deterrence and compensatory properties of the tort system, and then review parallel bodies of evidence on regulatory, penal, and compensatory alternatives. Most of the academic literature on the tort system has traditionally been doctrinal or, in recent years, highly theoretical. Very little of this literature provides an in-depth consideration of how the system works, and whether or not there are any feasible alternatives. Exploring the Domain of Tort Law contributes valuable new evidence to the tort law reform debate. It will be of interest to academic lawyers and economists, policy analysts, policy professionals in government and research organizations, and all those affected by tort law reform.
Download or read book Risk Science and Politics written by Kathryn Harrison and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1994 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government regulation of toxic substances in Canada and the United States is examined and compared in Risk, Science, and Politics. Kathryn Harrison and George Hoberg report dramatically different approaches to regulatory science in the two countries.
Download or read book The Politics of Chemical Risk Scenarios for a Regulatory Future written by R. Bal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All industrial countries have developed regulatory systems to assess and manage the risk of chemical substances to the working and natural environment. The pressure to harmonize these often specialized regulatory systems is increasingly strong at the international level. Such harmonization not only entails the assessment of particular chemicals, but also the way assessment procedures and their boundary with risk management is organized. As these initiatives intensify, they increasingly raise important questions of how to integrate national differences in the international regulatory arena. How will national consultation procedures relate to international decision-making on chemical risks? How will differences in national risk assessment procedures be accommodated? How will the international regulatory system be integrated with different national styles of regulation and government? Presenting the experiences and insights of both people from within the worlds of risk assessment and management and from the field of Science Studies, this book forms a state-of-the-art in the discussion on the Politics of Chemical Risk. By offering scenarios, or sketches of a regulatory future, it points to the choices that can be made and the opportunities to be explored. As such, it offers an agenda for environmental and occupational scientists, policy-makers and students of science and technology alike.
Download or read book The Regulation of Toxic Substances and Hazardous Wastes written by John S. Applegate and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This casebook provides a political, economic, and scientific context for toxic substance and hazardous waste law, along with key toxics statutes. The text of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act are included, and different approaches to toxics regulation are suggested.
Download or read book Regulation through Revelation written by James T. Hamilton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-29 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information provision is increasingly being used as a regulatory tool. The US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program required facilities that handle threshold amounts of specific chemicals to report yearly their releases and transfers of these toxic substances. The TRI data have become the yardstick by which regulators, investors, environmental organizations, and local community groups measure company environmental performance. This book, which was originally published in 2005, tells the story of the TRI from its origin and implementation to its revision and retrenchment. The mix of case study and quantitative analysis shows how the TRI operates and how the information provided affects decisions in both the public and private sectors. The lessons drawn about the operation of information provision programs should be of interest to multiple audiences.
Download or read book Risk Regulation at Risk written by Sidney Shapiro and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2002-09-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1960s and 1970s, Congress enacted a vast body of legislation to protect the environment and individual health and safety. Collectively, this legislation is known as “risk regulation” because it addresses the risk of harm that technology creates for individuals and the environment. In the last two decades, this legislation has come under increasing attack by critics who employ utilitarian philosophy and cost-benefit analysis. The defenders of this body of risk regulation, by contrast, have lacked a similar unifying theory. In this book, the authors propose that the American tradition of philosophical pragmatism fills this vacuum. They argue that pragmatism offers a better method for conceiving of and implementing risk regulation than the economic paradigm favored by its critics. While pragmatism offers a methodology in support of risk regulation as it was originally conceived, it also offers a perspective from which this legislation can be held up to critical appraisal. The authors employ pragmatism to support risk regulation, but pragmatism also leads them to agree with some of the criticisms against it, and even to level new criticisms of their own. In the end, the authors reject the picture—painted by risk regulation’s critics—of widely excessive and irrational regulation, but the pragmatic perspective also leads them to propose a number of recommendations for useful reforms to risk regulation.
Download or read book Chemicals Cancer and Choices written by Peter VanDoren and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 1999-06-25 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frequent media reports alert us to the dangers environmental chemicals may pose for human health. Each new warning generates an almost predictable debate: Interventionists demand stricter government regulations. Pragmatists counter that the costs of such controls are much greater than the benefits. Skeptics question the scientific validity of the alleged danger, and the cautious wonder if uncertainty can excuse failing to protect the public health. Better science can reduce—but not eliminate -- our uncertainty about the effects of chemicals. This book offers readers a unique way to sort through all the rhetoric that accompanies questions of science and health. In the case of exposures that arise from the consumption of specific products, markets can permit individuals to choose their own levels of exposure. Even when there is common exposure to chemicals in the air, a market for emission rights would allow the cautious to purchase such rights and reduce their exposure. In short, the market affords individualized responses to chemical risk as an alternative to government-imposed rules for everyone.
Download or read book Lawyers and Regulation written by Patrick Schmidt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a close study of lawyers who practise occupational safety and health law in the United States, using detailed interview and survey data to explore the roles that lawyers have as representatives of companies, unions, and OSHA (the Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Placed in the context of evolving understandings of regulatory politics as a problem of public-private interaction and negotiation, the book argues that lawyers adapt to multiple roles in what prove to be highly complex settings. The core chapters examine stages of the administrative process where various groups attempt to shape the immediate outcomes and the development of OSHA law. These stages include administrative rulemaking, post-rulemaking litigation of government standards, regulatory enforcement, and compliance counseling by lawyers.
Download or read book Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Breaking the Vicious Circle written by Stephen Breyer and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1995-03-15 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breaking the Vicious Circle is a tour de force that should be read by everyone who is interested in improving our regulatory processes. Written by a highly respected federal judge, who would go on to serve on the Supreme Court, and who obviously recognizes the necessity of regulation but perceives its failures and weaknesses as well, it pinpoints the most serious problems and offers a creative solution that would for the first time bring rationality to bear on the vital issue of priorities in our era of limited resources.
Download or read book Background Materials for Agenda Item C Improving the Environment of Agency Rulemaking written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hazardous Chemicals written by Ernst Homburg and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although poisonous substances have been a hazard for the whole of human history, it is only with the development and large-scale production of new chemical substances over the last two centuries that toxic, manmade pollutants have become such a varied and widespread danger. Covering a host of both notorious and little-known chemicals, the chapters in this collection investigate the emergence of specific toxic, pathogenic, carcinogenic, and ecologically harmful chemicals as well as the scientific, cultural and legislative responses they have prompted. Each study situates chemical hazards in a long-term and transnational framework and demonstrates the importance of considering both the natural and the social contexts in which their histories have unfolded.
Download or read book The Demise of Environmentalism in American Law written by Michael S. Greve and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 1996 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael S. Greve argues that environmental values no longer play a formative role in American law -- a sharp and recent change. Although ecological presumptions have some force, the author shows, the emerging legal doctrines are consistent with more efficient and sensible regulation. It would be a mistake, Greve cautions, to look to the judiciary for wholesale regulatory reform: such reform can come only from Congress.
