Download or read book Determinants of International Tourism written by Mr.Alexander Culiuc and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper estimates the impact of macroeconomic supply- and demand-side determinants of tourism, one of the largest components of services exports globally, and the backbone of many smaller economies. It applies the gravity model to a large dataset comprising the full universe of bilateral tourism flows spanning over a decade. The results show that the gravity model explains tourism flows better than goods trade for equivalent specifications. The elasticity of tourism with respect to GDP of the origin (importing) country is lower than for goods trade. Tourism flows respond strongly to changes in the destination country’s real exchange rate, along both extensive (tourist arrivals) and intensive (duration of stay) margins. OECD countries generally exhibit higher elasticties with respect to economic variables (GDPs of the two economies, real exchange rate, bilateral trade) due to the larger share of business travel. Tourism to small islands is less sensitive to changes in the country’s real exchange rate, but more susceptible to the introduction/removal of direct flights.
Download or read book The Determinants of International Tourism Flows written by Neelu Seetaram and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main contributions of Chapters 4 and 5 were that they established the relationship between immigration to Australia and tourism flows. It was seen that the impact of immigration was higher for outbound travels. The estimated immigration elasticities for inbound travels were 0.028 in the short run and 0.09 in the long run while for outbound travels the estimated elasticities were 0.17 in the short run and 0.44 in the long run. Furthermore, the existing literature on outbound tourism of Australia had revealed that real exchange rate was a poor proxy for prices in studies of outbound tourism. Chapter 5 developed a destination competitiveness index which was included in the model as the price variable. This index outperformed real exchange rate as the proxy for prices. The estimated price elasticities of outbound travel were -0.9 in the short run and -2.43 in the long run. It is concluded that the results generated in this thesis are relevant for matters of policy formulation and implementation. The significance of the migration variable implies that, as immigration continues to grow in Australia, the tourism sector and its suppliers can be expected to benefit. The results convey that decisions made by the policy makers of the tourism sector need to take into account information such as the trends in immigration to Australia and policy changes which may affect these immigration patterns. Destination managers can better predict trends arrivals and departures by taking into account this information. The elasticities obtained in this thesis can be the basis for studies of economic contribution and impact of the tourism industry. Finally, although this study concentrates on Australia, the results obtained are relevant for tourism demand studies of other countries with similar demographic characteristics.
Download or read book The Determinants of International Tourism Demand for Egypt written by M. Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tourism industry has been an important contributor to the Egyptian economy. Egypt is one of the most important tourist destinations in the Middle East and North Africa. The purpose of this study is to recognize the main determinants of the international tourism flows to Egypt. The annual panel data set includes the number of tourist arrivals from most important generating countries during the period 1990-2008, and a number of possible explanatory variables.
Download or read book Key Determinants of International Tourist Flows How to Promote Inbound Tourism written by Sho Ishii and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the key determinants of international tourism. The study tests the hypothesis that international tourism is positively related to expenditures on its promotion. International tourism is important to countries as it has a huge economic impact. As many new destinations have emerged with economic growth, international tourism market is becoming more and more competitive. In such a situation, policy makers need to know the key determinants of international tourism in order to promote inbound tourism effectively. Many past studies have shown that economic variables such as price, income, exchange rates are important factors. However, since these macroeconomic variables are not controlled by tourism policy planners, past models did not provide much direct policy guidance for them. Thus, in order to provide further policy implications, this study analyzes the influence of government expenditure and non-economic factors on tourism. The data are from the UNWTO (the number of international tourist, budget of National Tourism Organizations, the number of hotel rooms), the World Bank (relative price level, real GDP per capita), and the UNESCO (the number of World Heritage cultural and natural sites). The results suggest that there is a highly statistically significant positive relationship between international tourism and expenditures on its promotion. The budget of NTO appears to increase both the absolute number of inbound tourists and market share of the country, and it is cost-effective. It is therefore recommended for national governments to allocate larger amount of budget to tourism related programs including marketing activities. Another finding is that there is a strong positive relationship between the number of the World Heritage cultural sites and international tourism. From this result, it seems that marketing activities will be more effective when they feature cultural resources including World Heritage sites. At the same time, it can be said that governments should consider the effective management and preservation of cultural resources to maintain sustainable tourism promotion. In addition, there is a strong positive relationship between the number of hotel rooms and international tourism. This result not only shows that the capacity of accommodations is important in tourism promotion, but also suggests that the role of private sector is essential to promote international tourism. Thus, close cooperation between governments and tourism industries is recommended.
Download or read book Determinants of International Tourist Flows written by Geoffrey Ian Crouch and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determinants of International Tourist Flows to Canada microform written by Hanqin Qiu and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1993 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Analysis of the Determinants of International Tourism Demand written by Liam Collins and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determinants of International Tourism written by Mr.Alexander Culiuc and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper estimates the impact of macroeconomic supply- and demand-side determinants of tourism, one of the largest components of services exports globally, and the backbone of many smaller economies. It applies the gravity model to a large dataset comprising the full universe of bilateral tourism flows spanning over a decade. The results show that the gravity model explains tourism flows better than goods trade for equivalent specifications. The elasticity of tourism with respect to GDP of the origin (importing) country is lower than for goods trade. Tourism flows respond strongly to changes in the destination country’s real exchange rate, along both extensive (tourist arrivals) and intensive (duration of stay) margins. OECD countries generally exhibit higher elasticties with respect to economic variables (GDPs of the two economies, real exchange rate, bilateral trade) due to the larger share of business travel. Tourism to small islands is less sensitive to changes in the country’s real exchange rate, but more susceptible to the introduction/removal of direct flights.
Download or read book Management Papers written by Geoffrey I. Crouch and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tourism in Central Asia written by Kemal Kantarci and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-05 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will be a major resource for all academic researchers and practitioners interested in issues dealing with the development of tourism, its potential and challenges, and policy and regulatory issues in the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. These countries are gaining more attention as emerging destinations. There is limited research that focuses on these countries with respect to their potential and characteristics as tourism destinations. This book aims to be an invaluable source for both practitioners and academicians who are in international marketing and tourism. The central Asia region (also termed the Silk Road region) as an emerging destination is ripe for future tourism development. The region is rich with historical, cultural, and natural beauty that could provide significant utility to many potential visitors. This book brings together key writings on this topic in a single resource.
Download or read book Determinants of Tourism Flows to Greece written by Visar Malaj and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to identify the main demand and supply determinants of international tourism flows to Greece, given the significant impact of tourism on the country's economy. For the empirical analysis the authors estimated an original gravity equation in which tourism flows depend on classic as well as experimental factors. The used dataset includes tourist arrivals from 19 countries over the period 2005-2015. The resulting coefficient of determination of this model is relatively high and the considered variables are statistically significant. Tourism flows to Greece are negatively affected by the bilateral distance and climate similarity between Greece and the origin countries; furthermore, the response variable is positively affected by the investments in transport infrastructure, the country's stability and the incomes and EU membership of the origin countries. The proposed recommendations to the Greek stakeholders include: creation of quality infrastructure; synergies with other sectors; boost of competitiveness; establishment of Greece as a safe destination; and, promotional campaigns.
Download or read book Inbound International Tourism to the United States written by E. M. Ekanayake and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this paper is to analyze the demand for tourist arrivals to the United States, using the panel cointegration technique. The study attempts to identify and measure the impact of the main determinants of inbound international tourism flows to the United States. The study uses annual data from 1986 to 2011 for tourist arrivals from 50 major countries of tourist origin. The specified model includes several country-specific determinants. The panel unit root tests indicate all the variables are integrated of order one. The panel cointegration tests show that all seven test statistics reject the null hypothesis of no cointegration at the 1% significance level, indicating that the five variables are cointegrated. The results suggest that tourism demand to the United States must be considered as a luxury good and is highly dependent on the evolution of relative prices and cost of travel between origin and destination country. The results also show that tourism demand is elastic with respect to income but inelastic with respect to tourism price, real exchange rate, and travel costs.
Download or read book Going Viral A Gravity Model of Infectious Diseases and Tourism Flows written by Mr.Serhan Cevik and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-07-03 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a gravity model framework to estimate the impact of infectious diseases on bilateral tourism flows among 38,184 pairs of countries over the period 1995–2017. The results confirm that international tourism is adversely affected by disease risk, and the magnitude of this negative effect is statistically and economically significant. In the case of SARS, for example, a 10 percent rise in confirmed cases leads to a reduction of as much as 9 percent in tourist arrivals. Furthermore, while infectious diseases appear to have a smaller and statistically insignificant negative effect on tourism flows to advanced economies, the magnitude and statistical significance of the impact of infectious diseases are much greater in developing countries, where such diseases tend to be more prevalent and health infrastructure lags behind.
Download or read book Determinants of International Tourist Flows to Thailand written by Bang-Ornrat Rojwannasin and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medical Tourism in Germany written by Klaus Schmerler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the drivers of inbound medical tourism in Germany. In light of growing international trade of medical services, it provides a quantitative analysis of the determinants of international patients’ choice of destination. It develops coherent definitions of medical tourism and medical travel, and presents multiple unique data sets to identify inbound medical travelers in Germany. Further, it introduces an empirical modeling framework for investigating and quantifying the drivers and effects of a patient's choice of destination at the national, hospital and individual level. A particular focus of the analysis lies on cultural proximity and personal networks as key channels to convey trust in a destination’s service. In addition, real consideration sets of international patients are presented. The findings presented are embedded in a global context and will help inform future empirical investigations and modeling.
Download or read book Tourism Theories Concepts and Models written by Bob McKercher and published by Goodfellow Publishers Ltd. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical overview of the core theories, concepts and ideas that have shaped the way we think about tourism. Divided into six parts, it looks at the important key theories, models and concepts, ensuring clear understanding and the ability for critical thinking.
Download or read book Tourism in the Post Pandemic World written by Ms.Manuela Goretti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This departmental paper analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in the Asia Pacific region, Latin America, and Caribbean countries. Many tourism dependent economies in these regions, including small states in the Pacific and the Caribbean, entered the pandemic with limited fiscal space, inadequate external buffers, and foreign exchange revenues extremely concentrated in tourism. The empirical analysis leverages on an augmented gravity model to draw lessons from past epidemics and finds that the impact of infectious diseases on tourism flows is much greater in developing countries than in advanced economies.
