Download or read book The Culture of Science in France 1700 1900 written by Robert Fox and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1992 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume treats a remarkable period in the history of science in France. The articles in the first of its two sections, concerned with patronage and institutions, explore the structures that fostered research and the diffusion of scientific and technological knowledge, not only in the great institutions under state control but also in the very different world of the independent academies and the many scientific and industrial societies in Paris and the provinces. The second section focuses on the physical sciences, in particular the physics of heat and the imponderable fluids, and their relations with experimental and technological practice. It contains studies of figures of outstanding importance in the history of French science, including J.H. Lambert, P.S. de Laplace, and Sadi Carnot. Taken together, the articles provide an unusually coherent picture of a nation's science over a period of a century, developing a methodological perspective that unites cognitive and social considerations. Cet ouvrage traite d'une période remarquable de l'histoire scientifique française. Les articles dans la première des deux sections, concernant le mécénat et les institutions, explorent les structures qui encourageaient la recherche et la diffusion des connaissances scientifiques et technologiques; ce, non seulement dans les grandes institutions sous contrà ́le étatique, mais aussi dans le monde très différent des académies indépendantes et des nombreuses sociétés scientifiques et industrielles à Paris et en province. La seconde section porte sur les sciences physiques, en particulier la physique thermique et les fluides impondérables, ainsi que leurs relations avec la pratique expérimentale et technologique. Elle contient des études de grands personnages d'une importance exceptionnelle dans l'histoire de la science française, comprenant: J.H. Lambert, P.S. de Laplace et Sadi Carnot. Dans leur ensemble, ces textes fournissent une image cohérente
Download or read book The Culture of Science in France 1700 1900 written by Robert Fox and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Institutions and Practice in France and Britain c 1700 c 1870 written by Maurice Crosland and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second collection of studies by Maurice Crosland has as a first theme the differences in the style and organisation of scientific activity in Britain and France in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Science was more closely controlled in France, notably by the Paris Academy of Sciences, and the work of provincial amateurs much less prominent than in Britain. The most dramatic change in any branch of science during this period was in chemistry, largely through the work of Lavoisier and his colleagues, the focus of several articles here, and the dominance of this group caused considerable resentment outside France, not least by Joseph Priestley. The issue of authority in science emerges again, within France under the rule of Napoleon, in a study of the exceptional power exercised by the great mathematician Laplace both in theoretical science and in academic politics. This exploration of organisation and power is complemented by a comparative study of the practice of early 'physics' and chemistry and their different reliance on laboratories. This raises the question of whether chemistry provided a model for later experimental work in other sciences, both through the construction of pioneering laboratories and in establishing early schools of research.
Download or read book Eighteenth Century Europe 1700 1789 written by Jeremy Black and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 1999-10-04 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of this highly successful and influential work includes two entirely new chapters - on Europe and the wider world and on the Revolutionary crisis - and is extensively revised throughout. It offers a wide-ranging thematic account of the century, that explores social, cultural and economic topics, as well as giving a clear analysis of the political events. Filled with fascinating detail and unusual examples, this absorbing history of eighteenth-century Europe will bring the period alive to students and teachers alike.
Download or read book Studies in the Culture of Science in France and Britain Since the Enlightenment written by Maurice P. Crosland and published by Variorum Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide range of the author's previously published papers in the history of science is brought together in this book.The articles, which are mainly concerned with the 18th and 19th centuries, are arranged in three sections: science in the Enlightenment period; science in an institutional context; national and international science. Some of the papers present a broad perspective, others are of a more detailed nature, drawing on the archives of the Paris Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society of London. An original interpretation of the career of Priestley is followed by a historiographical article on Lavoisier. Papers with a more social approach include subjects such as the professionalisation of science, peer review, and science and war. It is argued that science became a profession in France long before it did in Britain. France also created an important precedent in the academic world in demanding publications of research as credentials.
Download or read book From Atoms to Molecules written by Colin A. Russell and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this volume by Professor Russell is the history of organic chemistry, which arose improbably out of early speculations about the construction of chemical compounds, and in particular their electrochemical nature. The rise of electrochemistry and the work of Berzelius were critical in this regard, and receive much attention in the first few chapters in this book. Aspects of the contributions of Frankland (fully explored elsewhere) and those of Kekulê and Hofmann are considered, together with the miscellaneous functions of organic synthesis and the origins of conformational analysis. Questions of chemical organisation are germane to the whole sequence of events and are briefly summarized before the whole last hundred years of organic chemistry are placed in historical perspective.
Download or read book The Earth Sciences in the Enlightenment written by Kenneth L. Taylor and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is concerned with the geological sciences in the 18th century, with special emphasis on France and French scientists. A first focus is on the pioneering geologist Nicolas Desmarest, whose investigations in Auvergne and Italy (among other places) had important consequences in geological theory and practice. Desmarest emerges as a figure of intriguing complexity and refined methodological convictions, defying facile interpretation in terms of, for instance, a simple polarity between vulcanism and neptunism. Widening his inquiry beyond Desmarest, Professor Taylor also endeavors to recover key elements of the presuppositions and thought-patterns of Enlightenment geologists, and to discern how geological investigation worked during this formative period. In the era that modern geological science was beginning to take form, many of the participants are seen as struggling to define their scientific objectives and procedures by drawing from the competing frameworks of physique or natural philosophy, descriptive natural history, and antiquarian scholarship or developmental history. One of the articles (Reflections on Natural Laws in Eighteenth-Century Geology) appears here for the first time in English.
Download or read book The Limits of Absolutism in ancien r gime France written by Richard Bonney and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection of articles is organized around three broad themes: the nature of the governing system in France (’Absolutism’); the political crisis of the mid-17th-century (the ’Fronde’); and the development of royal finance. The author first considers the growth of the French state in its ideological and institutional aspects, then the opposition such developments provoked, much centred on the figure of Cardinal Mazarin. In the last section particular attention is given to fiscal history, including a comparison of mid-18th-century France with the other states of Europe. Professor Bonney would argue that the ’fiscal imperative’, the increased requirements posed by the costs of war, and the long-term consequences of fiscal growth may be seen as one of the decisive factors in the development of the modern state.
Download or read book Descriptive Geometry The Spread of a Polytechnic Art written by Évelyne Barbin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to explore the history of descriptive geometry in relation to its circulation in the 19th century, which had been favoured by the transfers of the model of the École Polytechnique to other countries. The book also covers the diffusion of its teaching from higher instruction to technical and secondary teaching. In relation to that, there is analysis of the role of the institution – similar but definitely not identical in the different countries – in the field under consideration. The book contains chapters focused on different countries, areas, and institutions, written by specialists of the history of the field. Insights on descriptive geometry are provided in the context of the mathematical aspect, the aspect of teaching in particular to non-mathematicians, and the institutions themselves.
Download or read book Voyages to the South Seas written by Danielle Clode and published by Ligature. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While British soldiers and settlers colonised Australia, French scientists continued to explore its coastlines and study its strange flora and fauna. Laperouse and Labillardiere, Baudin and Bougainville and others left they won lighter marks on the country in the name of human knowledge. This is their story - deeply researched and richly imagined by zoologist and award-winning science writer Danielle Clode. Voyages to the South Seas is an exhilarating expedition through a key period in the European exploration of the Pacific and in the history of science. Winner of the Victorian Premier's Nettie Palmer Prize for Nonfiction
Download or read book From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences written by David Cahan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2003-09-15 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the nineteenth century, much of the modern scientific enterprise took shape: scientific disciplines were formed, institutions and communities were founded, and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. In this book, eleven leading historians of science assess what their field has taught us about this exciting time and identify issues that remain unexamined or require reconsideration. They treat both scientific disciplines—biology, physics, chemistry, the earth sciences, mathematics, and the social sciences—in their specific intellectual and sociocultural contexts as well as the broader topics of science and medicine; science and religion; scientific institutions and communities; and science, technology, and industry. Providing a much-needed overview and analysis of a rapidly expanding field, From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences will be essential for historians of science, but also of great interest to scholars of all aspects of nineteenth-century life and culture. Contributors: Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Jed Z. Buchwald, David Cahan, Joseph Dauben, Frederick Gregory, Michael Hagner, Sungook Hong, David R. Oldroyd, Theodore M. Porter, Robert J. Richards, Ulrich Wengenroth
Download or read book Apostles of Modernity written by Osama Abi-Mershed and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-10 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1830 and 1870, French army officers serving in the colonial Offices of Arab Affairs profoundly altered the course of political decision-making in Algeria. Guided by the modernizing ideologies of the Saint-Simonian school in their development and implementation of colonial policy, the officers articulated a new doctrine and framework for governing the Muslim and European populations of Algeria. Apostles of Modernity shows the evolution of this civilizing mission in Algeria, and illustrates how these 40 years were decisive in shaping the principal ideological tenets in French colonization of the region. This book offers a rethinking of 19th-century French colonial history. It reveals not only what the rise of Europe implied for the cultural identities of non-elite Middle Easterners and North Africans, but also what dynamics were involved in the imposition or local adoptions of European cultural norms and how the colonial encounter impacted the cultural identities of the colonizers themselves.
Download or read book Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold written by Tom Shachtman and published by HMH. This book was released on 2000-12-12 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A lovely, fascinating book, which brings science to life.” —Alan Lightman Combining science, history, and adventure, Tom Shachtman “holds the reader’s attention with the skill of a novelist” as he chronicles the story of humans’ four-centuries-long quest to master the secrets of cold (Scientific American). “A disarming portrait of an exquisite, ferocious, world-ending extreme,” Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold demonstrates how temperature science produced astonishing scientific insights and applications that have revolutionized civilization (Kirkus Reviews). It also illustrates how scientific advancement, fueled by fortuitous discoveries and the efforts of determined individuals, has allowed people to adapt to—and change—the environments in which they live and work, shaping man’s very understanding of, and relationship, with the world. This “truly wonderful book” was adapted into an acclaimed documentary underwritten by the National Science Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, directed by British Emmy Award winner David Dugan, and aired on the BBC and PBS’s Nova in 2008 (Library Journal). “An absorbing account to chill out with.” —Booklist
Download or read book Studies on the History of Papermaking in Britain written by Alfred H. Shorter and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-07 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The late A.H. Shorter is widely acknowledged for his pioneering work on the history of the British paper-making industry, and his books continue to provide the basis for further research. The present volume brings together all his many articles, hitherto scattered across a variety of specialist publications and often virtually inaccessible. In these studies Dr Shorter tackled the subject with a broader scope than was possible in his books; in particular, they cover the period after 1800, tracing the changing geographical pattern of the industry. They also contain a wealth of detailed information on papermaking across Britain, notably in the counties of southwest England, that is impossible to find elsewhere, and is now made accessible through the comprehensive indexes to the volume. Le regretté A. H. Shorter est largement reconnu pour ses travaux originaux sur l’histoire de l’industrie papetière britannique et ses ouvrages continuent d’être à la base de toutes recherches supplémentaires. Le présent volume rassemble la totalité de ses nombreux articles, jusqu’à présent dispersés sur tout un éventail de publications spécialisées et bien trop souvent inaccessibles. Au travers de ces études, l’auteur s’attaque au sujet sur un rayon plus large que cela n’avait été possible dans ses livres; couvrant en particulier la période après 1800 et traçant la structure géographique de l’industrie. Le recueil contient aussi abondance d’informations détaillées sur la fabrication du papier partout en Grande-Bretagne, notamment dans les contés du sud-ouest de l’Angleterre, et qu’il est impossible de trouver ailleurs.
Download or read book Indology Indomania and Orientalism written by Douglas T. McGetchin and published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He has presented more than a dozen papers at academic conferences in North America, Europe, and South Asia, including Harvard University, Humboldt University, Heidelberg University's South Asia Institute, and the Max Mueller Bhavan in New Delhi, India.
Download or read book Auguste Comte Volume 2 written by Mary Pickering and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the life and works of Auguste Comte during the last and most controversial part of his career, the period from 1842 to 1857.
Download or read book Paris written by Patrice L. R HIGONNET and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an original and evocative journey through modern Paris from the mid-eighteenth century to World War II, Patrice Higonnet offers a delightful cultural portrait of a multifaceted, continually changing city. In examining the myths and countermyths of Paris that have been created and re-created over time, Higonnet reveals a magical urban alchemy in which each era absorbs the myths and perceptions of Paris past, adapts them to the cultural imperatives of its own time, and feeds them back into the city, creating a new environment. Paris was central to the modern world in ways internal and external, genuine and imagined, progressive and decadent. Higonnet explores Paris as the capital of revolution, science, empire, literature, and art, describing such incarnations as Belle Epoque Paris, the Commune, the surrealists' city, and Paris as viewed through American eyes. He also evokes the more visceral Paris of alienation, crime, material excess, and sensual pleasure. Insightful, informative, and gracefully written, "Paris" illuminates the intersection of collective and individual imaginations in a perpetually shifting urban dynamic. In describing his Paris of the real and of the imagination, Higonnet sheds brilliant new light on this endlessly intriguing city.
