Download or read book The Correlation of Water Content of Snow with Elevation for the Upper Deerfield River Basin Vermont written by Robert H. Wood and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Probable Maximum Precipitation for the Upper Deerfield River Drainage Massachusetts Vermont written by John Frederick Miller and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Correlation and Prediction of Snow Water Equivalent from Snow Sensors written by Bruce J. McGurk and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Resources Development written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimated Water Withdrawals and Use in Vermont 1995 written by Laura Medalie and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal State Private Cooperative Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasts for Montana and Northern Wyoming Upper Missouri and Upper Columbia River Basins written by A. R. Codd and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasts for Montana and Northern Wyoming (Upper Missouri and Upper Columbia River Basins): March 1962 The climate of the cultivated and populated areas of the West is characterized by relatively dry summer months. Such precipitation as occurs falls mostly in the winter and early Spring months when it is of little immediate benefit to growing crops. Fortunately, most of this precipitation falls as mountain snow which stays on the ground for months, melting later to sustain streamflow during the period of greatest demand during late spring and summer. Thus, nature provides in mountain snow an imposing water storage facility. The amount of water stored in mountain snow varies from place to place as well as from year to year and accordingly, so does the runoff of the streams. The best seasonal management of variable western water supplies results from fore-knowledge of the runoff. A snow survey consists of a series of about ten samples taken with specially designed snow sampling equ1pment along a permanently marked line, about 1000 feet in length, called a snow course. The use of snow sampling equipment provides snow depth and water equivalent values for each sampling point. The average of these values is reported as the snow survey measurement for a snow course. Snow surveys are made monthly or semi-monthly beginning in January or February and continue through the snow season until April, May or June. Currently more than 1400 western snow courses are measured each year. These measurements furnish the key data for water supply forecasts. By relating snow survey measurements taken over a period of years to spring-summer runoff during the same period, relationships have been developed which make it possible to forecast seasonal runoff several months in advance of occurrence. In order to make a forecast, once a forecast relationship has been developed, the maximum snow water content at previously selected key snow courses is usually entered in the forecast relationship. More accurate forecasts are often obtained when other factors such as soil moisture, base flow and Spring precipita tion are considered and included in the forecast relationships. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Federal State Private Cooperative Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasts for Montana and Northern Wyoming Upper Missouri and Upper Columbia River Basins written by A. R. Codd and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Federal-State-Private Cooperative Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasts for Montana and Northern Wyoming (Upper Missouri and Upper Columbia River Basins): January 1, 1962 The climate of the cultivated and populated areas of the West is characterized by relatively dry summer months. Such precipitation as occurs falls mostly in the winter and early spring months when it is of little immediate benefit to growing crops. Fortunately, most of this precipitation falls as mountain snow which stays on the ground for months, melting later to sustain streamflow during the period of greatest demand during late spring and summer. Thus, nature provides in mountain snow an imposing water storage facility. The amount of water stored in mountain snow varies from place to place as well as from year to year and accordingly, so does the runoff of the streams. The best seasonal management of variable western water supplies results from fore-knowledge of the runoff. A snow survey consists of a series of about ten samples taken with specially designed snow sampling equipment along a permanently marked line, about 1000 feet in length, called a snow course. The use of snow sampling equipment provides snow depth and water equivalent values for each sampling point. The average of these values is reported as the snow survey measurement for a snow course. Snow surveys are made monthly or semi-monthly beginning in January or February and continue through the snow season until April, May or June. Currently more than 1400 western snow courses are measured each year. These measurements furnish the key data for water supply forecasts. By relating snow survey measurements taken over a period of years to spring-summer runoff during the same period, relationships have been developed which make it possible to forecast seasonal runoff several months in advance of occurrence. In order to make a forecast, once a forecast relationship has been developed, the maximum snow water content at previously selected key snow courses is usually entered in the forecast relationship. More accurate forecasts are often obtained when other factors such as soil moisture, base flow and Spring precipita tion are considered and included in the forecast relationships. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Snow Survey Measurements Through written by California. Department of Water Resources and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summary of Snow Survey Measurements for Idaho and Pertinent Measurements in Montana Wyoming Utah and Nevada written by Jack Alden Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examining the Relationship Between Snow Cover and Reservoir Storage in the American River Basin written by Karen McGillis-Moskaluk and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focused on finding evidence of a relationship between snow cover and reservoir storage in the American River basin. Water availability is very important to the future of California. Landsat Thematic Mapper images of the area taken from 1985-2011 were analyzed by calculating Normalized Difference Snow Index and calculating snow acres. The peak storage data were obtained for Folsom Lake for the same time period as the satellite images. The evaluation of these methods showed that over time there was a correlation between snow cover and reservoir storage downstream.
Download or read book Summary of snow survey measurements for Idaho and pertinent measurements in Montana Wyoming Utah and Nevada written by United States. Soil Conservation Service and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Supply Outlook for Washington and Federal state private Cooperative Snow Surveys written by United States. Soil Conservation Service and published by . This book was released on 1982-05 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying at risk Regions of Snow Accumulation Within California s Sierra Nevada Mountains and Assessing Implications on Reservoir Operations written by Imtiaz-Ali M. Kalyan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California's water resources vary throughout the state owing to the regions varying topography, diverse climate, and the distribution of precipitation. Most of the state's precipitation falls over the northern coastal range and the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Winter snowpack that accumulates within these mountain basins serves as an efficient means of natural water storage. Moreover, the state's two massive water conveyance systems, the State Water Project (SWP) and the Central Valley Project (CVP), are integrally dependent upon winter snowpack accumulation, and subsequent spring snowmelt runoff. The SWP and CVP's extensive network of reservoirs, pipes, and aqueducts are engineered to collect and transport water from the snowcapped Sierra Nevada Mountains where it is plentiful, to farmland and urban communities where it is scarce but in greatest demand. However, increased warming within these mountain basins is causing a declined winter snowpack, altering the fraction of precipitation occurring as snow, and changing the timing of snowmelt derived streamflow. The loss of this immense amount of naturally occurring stored water, and its earlier arrival at the downstream reservoirs, has profound implications on the state's existing water management infrastructure. This work attempts to address these water management challenges that lie in the foreseeable future. Using a binary based deterministic approach, and a climatologically record of temperature and precipitation, "at-risk" snow dominated regions were identified throughout the Feather River Basin, and nested basins of the San Joaquin Watershed. These "at-risk" regions represent locations that would be the first to transition from a snow dominated, to a rain dominated precipitation regime under projected future warming scenarios. Future warming projections ranging from 1°C to 4°C were analyzed relative to the 1971-2000 base period. Results show that if warming trends considered by the IPCC 2007 report to be highly likely continue, nearly all snow dominated regions existing between 1500 and 2100 m in the San Joaquin Watershed would become rainfall dominated. Within the Feather River Basin, in the Sacramento Watershed, implications are even more alarming. A 3°C warming in February would result in approximately 87% of the regions previously snow covered area (SCA) becoming rainfall dominated; only 12% of the basin would remain snow covered. The decline of winter snowpack within all six study basins is closely correlated with elevation and average winter temperatures. Lower elevation, snow dominated regions near the rain to snow transition zone are highly sensitive to warmer temperatures relative to higher elevation, colder snow dominated regions. Furthermore, warming during high precipitation months, from December to February, would yield the largest reductions in loss of Snow Water Equivalent (or SWE). The loss of this immense amount of naturally occurring stored water, and its earlier arrival at the downstream reservoirs poses challenges and opportunities for California's water managers. For reservoir managers, adapting to a rapidly changing climate would require updating rigid flood control rule curves that were established based on hydrological trends during the first half of the twentieth century. Developing greater flexibility into flood-control rule curves could allow reservoir managers to store more water in the winter, thereby mitigating the consequences of snow loss from natural stored water sources. Faced with an expanding population and increased strains on water resources availability, sustaining future water demands hinges on developing adaptive water management strategies. By understanding basin and, at a finer scale, elevation specific vulnerability to snow loss due to warming, water managers can begin to guide effectual adaptation strategies.
Download or read book Manual on Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation PMP written by World Meteorological Organization and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manual describes procedure for estimating the maximum probable precipitation and the maximum probable flood. This is the third revised version. The first and second editions of this manual were published in 1973 and 1986, respectively. The current edition keeps a majority of the content from the second edition. Newly added content in this third edition primarily results from experiences, since 1986, in directly estimating PMP for the requirements of a given project in a design watershed on probable maximum flood (PMF) in China, the United States of America, Australia and India.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Summary of Floods in the United States January 1992 Through September 1993 written by Charles A. Perry and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1999 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Baldwin genealogy from 1500 to 1881 written by C.C. Baldwin and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 1991 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States written by James F. Coles and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
