Download or read book The Contribution of the Complement System in the Development of Alzheimer s Disease Pathology and Cognitive Dysfunction written by Rahasson Roland Ager and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-[beta]; and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation, and neuronal loss, is associated with aging. Genetic studies have contributed to the development of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, as a cause of disease development. An immune presence, including activated glia and complement deposition, in reaction to amyloid buildup, has produced the hypothesis that complement activation is a substantial component in AD progression. Most AD mouse models lack substantial neuronal degeneration or loss, which could impact their learning impairment and thus their usefulness as a model for human AD. Previous experiments, demonstrated weaker mouse complement activation, in response to fibrillar A[beta]; (fA[beta]) compared with human complement, possibly due to differences in human vs. mouse C1q A chain. It was hypothesized that weaker complement activation could result in lower neuronal loss. Thus, the A chain of mouse complement component C1q, was altered to mimic human C1q. However, increased fA[beta]-C1q interaction was not observed after the modification. The subsequently published crystal structure of C1q globular head domains, suggested that a similar 3-dimensional arrangement of amino acids on the B chain subunit provides sufficient interaction between mouse C1q and fA[beta] without the A chain contribution. One complement activation product, C5a, is an initiator of inflammation. Analysis of AD model mice revealed that CNS expression of CD88, a cellular receptor for C5a, increases with age and is localized around A[beta] plaques. Targeting C5a activity, with a CD88 antagonist (PMX205) for 12 weeks, resulted in a significant reduction in thoiflavine positive A[beta] plaques and activated glia. Additionally, reductions in hyperphosphorylated tau (in 3xTg mice) and neuronal damage in the hippocampus (in Tg2576 mice) were observed. Reductions in pathology were correlated with improved contextual memory in Tg2576 mice. Treatment with PMX205, demonstrated that CD88 in microglia surrounding plaques was reduced in parallel with reduced plaque load. Importantly, the treatment does not negatively interfere with complement components which have been suggested to be protective in other AD models. These results suggest, inhibition of CD88 may serve as a therapy towards AD.
Download or read book Studies on Alzheimer s Disease written by Domenico Praticὸ and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume systematically reviews the basic science and clinical knowledge of the role of free radicals and antioxidants, collectively known as “oxidative stress,” in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. It describes the most current diagnostic tools, laboratory methods and technology, and suggests ways of prevention and treatment to emphasize the concept of the bench-to-bedside approach. Studies on Alzheimer’s Disease provides thorough coverage of emerging technology and medical applications including discussions of biomarkers and antioxidants as therapeutic agents, and several more relevant aspects. In addition, this book promotes the concept of using biomarkers representative of oxidative stress reactions and free-radical damageand describes the effects of antioxidants in treating disease in clinical trials. This content is invaluable to both researchers and clinicians studying the development of and treating patients with Alzheimer’s Disease.
Download or read book Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer s Disease written by Ralph N. Martins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the impact of diet, exercise, genetics, and hormones on the risk and development of Alzheimer’s and other neurogenerative diseases Diet is widely known to impact on neurological function. Nevertheless, academic texts discussing this relationship are relatively few in number. This book therefore fills an important gap in the current literature. Opening with an overview of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, the text then focuses on explaining the means by which glycemic control and lipid metabolism – and associated nutritional and lifestyle variables – may factor into such disorders’ prevention and treatment. An international group of experts in the fields of food science and neurodegeneration have contributed chapters that examine Alzheimer’s disease within a broad range of contexts. Offering dietary, genetic, and hormonal perspectives, the authors explore topics ranging from sugar consumption to digestive fermentation, and Alzheimer’s disease animal models to the cognition-enhancing effects of physical exercise. Also included are overviews of the latest research into current and developing methods of treatment and diagnosis, as well as differential diagnostics. This groundbreaking book: Explores how glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and high intake of refined carbohydrates are linked to Alzheimer's disease Discusses how genetic makeup can impact risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease Examines cognitive changes in neurodegeneration, lists current tests for determining cognitive impairment, and provides information concerning differential diagnosis Discusses potential advantages of increasing antioxidant and micronutrient intake Reviews hormonal influences on neurodegeneration Examines the links between protein intake and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease is an essential resource for researchers, medical practitioners, dietitians, and students with an interest in neurological diseases and their diagnosis and risk factors, as well as diet-related conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Lifestyle and diet influence neurodegeneration risk, and a better understanding of this evidence amongst health professionals will hopefully lead to greater public awareness of how to reduce the likelihood of these widespread conditions.
Download or read book Nutraceuticals for Alzheimer s Disease A Promising Therapeutic Approach written by Arokiyasamy Justin Thenmozhi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the potential effect of diet modification, lipids, and carbohydrate consumptions, vitamin supplementation, antioxidants, and nutraceuticals in the prevention and management of Alzheimer's disease. The initial chapter of the book presents the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, genetic predisposition, disease diagnosis, pathology, and current treatment strategies against Alzheimer's disease. It also highlights recent developments in exploring novel compounds for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Subsequently, it highlights the therapeutic effect and regulation of molecular targets by natural compounds. The book discusses the potential of natural compounds in inhibiting the formation and deposition of Aβ peptides. It examines the natural compounds in modulating intracellular signaling molecules and enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In summary, this book helps understand the role of natural compounds as a therapeutic approach in amelioration and preventing detrimental effects of Alzheimer's disease.
Download or read book Biological Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Alzheimer s Disease written by Ghulam Md Ashraf and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the latest research into the highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disease most commonly associated with aging: Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Even after years of research, Alzheimer’s disease is still far from being cured. It presents a range of common symptoms in the form of behavioral and cognitive impairments. This book describes the symptoms and the biology behind them. The contents covers latest findings on the genetics involved and various factors and pathways influencing disease development. It also covers various non-pharmacological therapies like immunotherapy, use of natural products, and employing nanotechnology in both the detection and treatment of AD. This book also highlights the role of diet and nutrition in healthy aging. Given its scope, it offers a valuable asset for researchers and clinicians alike.
Download or read book Complement Activation in Alzheimer s Disease written by Tracy Ann Cole and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that there are 5.4 million people affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the United States with no approved disease modifying treatments to prevent or treat cognitive deficits. Furthermore, drugs that treat symptoms are effective for only a short period of time. Recent disappointing results from anti-amyloid beta (Aß) therapies and recent intriguing results using an anti-Aß antibody, MABT, which enhances an anti-inflammatory phagocytic response reflects the need for further investigation of specific modulators of the inflammatory response. The complement cascade (C') is a critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system for quickly clearing pathogens and directing the adaptive immune response. The beneficial and detrimental roles of C' in AD are becoming more established as well as the relationship of C' with other aspects of inflammation (in the periphery as well as the central nervous system (CNS)) making a thorough understanding of the role of complement in the disease more critical for therapeutic design. For example, complement components have been found to synergize with other innate immune proteins, such as Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), which are known to also interact with fibrillar amyloid in AD associated plaques. While mouse models are critical for preclinical investigation, many critical differences between the mouse and human immune system make disease modeling difficult. C5a, generated as a consequence of complement activation, is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator of the C'. Evidence is accruing that a pharmacological approach using an antagonist to CD88, a C5a receptor (C5aR), will prevent a detrimental chronic inflammatory state produced by C5a, while preserving beneficial effects of other complement components (C1q and C3b). We hypothesize that prevention of C5aR-induced damage by immune mediators to neurons surrounding the amyloid plaques will slow progression of neurodegenerative disease. In addition to testing the hypothesis directly by using a pharmacological approach I used mouse models of AD lacking C5aR (CD88) to determine if the inflammatory response is diminished and disease progression is slowed by the lack of the receptor, and used mouse models of AD overproducing the C5a protein to determine whether this accelerates disease progression. Finally, we propose the generation of a new mouse model of neuroinflammatory diseases that will have greater complement activity and more accurately reflect the activation of the complement cascade in humans. Together, my dissertation research adds to our knowledge of the interactions between one aspect of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
Download or read book Current Topics in Complement written by John D. Lambris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-26 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Third Aegean Conferences Workshop on Complement-Associated Diseases, Animal Models, and Therapeutics convened to discuss progress in complement research as it pertains to human disease pathogenesis and therapeutics. The rapid pace of research and new experimental approaches allow an integrated view of the in vivo biology of the complement system. This book collects writings on the functions of complement, pathophysiology, protein structures, design of complement inhibitors, and complement assays discussed at the conference.
Download or read book Elucidating the Role of Cystatin C in Alzheimer s Disease Pathology written by Kristen Marcellus and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by extracellular amyloid-beta plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal death. In Alzheimer's disease patients, atrophy occurs in regions of the brain involved in learning and memory, resulting in cognitive impairment. Late-onset AD (LOAD), 90-95% of cases, is a multifactorial disease, as seen by the many morphological changes in the brain. Familial AD is caused by mutations in the APP or presenilin (PSEN1 and PSEN2) genes. However, the cause of LOAD remains unknown. Several susceptibility genes have been identified and amongst these genes is cystatin C (CysC), a cysteine protease inhibitor. Meta-analysis studies have characterized CysC as a potential risk factor for LOAD. An allelic variant, allele B, has an alanine to threonine substitution in the signal peptide, which results in the switch of a nonpolar amino acid to a polar one, which alters the hydrophobicity profile of the signal sequence, causing impaired secretion of CysC. Furthermore, studies have revealed extremely CysC immunoreactive neurons, as well as activated glia in the cerebral cortex of AD patients. Also, in the most susceptible neurons, CysC protein accumulates in intracellular vesicles. In the brains of patients with AD, neuronal concentrations of CysC are elevated and co-localize with A[beta], depositing in extracellular A[beta] plaques. CysC has been implicated in many other processes, including apoptosis regulation, cell proliferation, mitogenic activity, and cell survival/prevention of cell death. The identification and characterization of novel disease mechanisms and treatment targets are important in the field of AD in order to better understand disease etiology and aid the development of potential therapeutics. We hypothesize that CysC is involved in AD pathology and plays a key role in the progression of the disease. The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of CysC on the pathological hallmarks of AD. The results demonstrate that cystatin C is upregulated in the neuronal areas most susceptible to AD pathogenesis, the frontal cortex and the hippocampus of the 3xTg-AD mouse model. Furthermore, CysC causes apoptosis and does not attenuate APP toxicity in neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, CysC results in the hyperphosphorylation of tau at the PHF-1 site in vitro, which is mediated by GSK3[beta]. Additionally, Egr-1 regulates CysC in vivo, in both Egr-1 knockout and Egr-1 transgenic mice models. The results suggest that CysC may contribute to the pathology of AD. Further research into the mechanisms of CysC induction of apoptosis and tau phosphorylation may shed light on a possible therapeutic target through the inhibition of CysC. " --
Download or read book Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer s Disease written by Serge Gauthier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this successful textbook has been completely updated throughout and includes new chapters on electrophysiological tests, biological markers, global staging measures, and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms. There has been steady progress in our understanding of the natural history, prognostic factors and treatments for Alzh
Download or read book Handbook of Infection and Alzheimer s Disease written by J. Miklossy and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer’s disease is one of the biggest emerging public health problems in the world. Although the last four decades have yielded important insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, its cause is still unclear, and if it is not discovered the world will face an unprecedented healthcare problem by the middle of this century. In recent years, evidence of the microbial origin of various chronic inflammatory disorders – including several neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and other systemic disorders – has been steadily growing. Accumulating new and historic observations are providing evidence of an association between Alzheimer’s disease and certain infectious agents, and may offer new opportunities for ground-breaking healthcare solutions. This handbook assembles and connects findings with regard to the infectious origin of Alzheimer’s disease, and the data presented in its chapters deserves the attention of the neuroscience community, physicians and the health departments of governments worldwide by virtue of its amount and quality. This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the topic of infection and Alzheimer’s disease, which could pinpoint the cause of this disease. Influential diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies may also emerge from this crucial research area.
Download or read book The Biology of Alzheimer Disease written by Dennis J. Selkoe and published by Cold Spring Harbor Perspective. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer disease causes the gradual deterioration of cognitive function, including severe memory loss and impairments in abstraction and reasoning. Understanding the complex changes that occur in the brain as the disease progressesincluding the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tanglesis critical for the development of successful therapeutic approaches. Written and edited by leading experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine includes contributions covering all aspects of Alzheimer disease, from our current molecular understanding to therapeutic agents that could be used to treat and, ultimately, prevent it. Contributors discuss the biochemistry and cell biology of amyloid -protein precursor (APP), tau, presenilin, -secretase, and apolipoprotein E and their involvement in Alzheimer disease. They also review the clinical, neuropathological, imaging, and biomarker phenotypes of the disease; genetic alterations associated with the disorder; and epidemiological insights into its causation and pathogenesis. This comprehensive volume, which includes discussions of therapeutic strategies that are currently used or under development, is a vital reference for neurobiologists, cell biologists, pathologists, and other scientists pursuing the biological basis of Alzheimer disease, as well as investigators, clinicians, and students interested in its pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention.
Download or read book Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer s Disease written by A.D. Roses and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now considerable genetic evidence that the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is a major susceptibility factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, the common form of the disease defined as starting after sixty years of age. The role of apolipoprotein E in normal brain metabolism and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are new and exciting avenues of research. This book, written by the most outstanding scientists in this new filed, is the first presentation of results concerning the implications of apolipoprotein E on the genetics, cell biology, neuropathology, biochemistry, and therapeutic management of Alzheimer's disease.
Download or read book The Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders written by Roderic G. Eckenhoff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to perioperative cognitive disorders, the most common complications of anesthesia and surgery in older people.
Download or read book The Role of the Adaptor Protein P66Shc in Alzheimer s Disease related Pathology and Cognitive Dysfunction written by Rebecca Simona Derungs and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CNS Regeneration written by Jeffrey Kordower and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of CNS Regeneration updates the burgeoning field of regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS) from molecular, systems, and disease-based perspective. While the book covers numerous areas in detail, special emphasis is given to discussions of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and spinal cord injury. Incorporates information gained from cutting-edge photomicroscopy techniques Includes current information on clinical trials Presents chapters on stem cells and other novel treatments for diseases of the CNS
Download or read book Role of Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-13 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Perlecan in Development of Alzheimer s Disease Pathology written by Michael W. Hart and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
