Download or read book The Contribution of Soil Phosphorus to Phosphorus in Runoff from Turfgrass written by Douglas James Soldat and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Phosphorus Levels in Residential Lawns and Comparisons Among Four Land Uses in Springfield Missouri written by Timothy R. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phosphorus in Soils and Plants written by Naser A. Anjum and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) stands second to nitrogen in terms of its essentiality as a plant macronutrient, as well as due to its involvement in almost all plant developmental stages, primary and secondary plant metabolisms, maintenance of membrane structures, and in the structural skeleton of major biomolecules. An optimum P-supply also helps plants combat abiotic stress impacts. Most P in soil remains unavailable for uptake by plants. P-containing fertilizers are being added to agricultural lands to sustain high yields. Only the least amount of the applied P (20%–30%) is used by most cultivated plants, and the rest remains as legacy P (P surpluses), which eventually causes eutrophication. This book, Phosphorus in Soils and Plants, reviews P in soils and plants, P dynamics in the soil–water–sediment environment, the major roles of P in the photosynthetic dark phase-biochemical pathways, major approaches for the sustainable management of P in agriculture, main mechanisms underlying the role of P in the regulation of plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, literature on the role of microbial phosphate solubilization in management of soil and plant nutrients, and insights into P recovery through waste transformation. This volume is an important resource for plant biologists involved in teaching or research who wish to advance their knowledge of P in soils and plants.
Download or read book The Fate of Manure Phosphorus During Production and Harvest of Turfgrass Sod written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of manure from dairies to sites less prone to point-source nutrient pollution is an option for dealing with dairy confined animal feeding operation wastes. Applications of dairy manure waste to turfgrass sod can be an environmentally sound approach because both plant matter and soil are removed during harvest (Vietor et al., 2002). Field scale research was conducted on a pair of adjacent, 1.42 ha Tifway bermudagrass fields on a fine-textured clay soil to investigate the fate of manure phosphorus (P) from composted dairy manure applications. Both fields received equal rates of supplemental nitrogen fertilizer but one was treated with composted dairy manure. The treated field received 75 kg ha−1 P during the first crop. After harvest, 127 kg ha−1 P was applied to the second crop. Once re-established, this crop was harvested. Surface layer sod and subsurface soil were frequently sampled on a grid pattern from each field and analyzed to monitor soil P. Both plant extractable and total P analyses were used. It was determined that a sod harvest could effectively remove all of the applied manure P. Below the sod layer, there were no increases in soil P as a result of the composted dairy manure treatments, indicating that P leaching did not occur. Phosphorus runoff during rain events or irrigation was monitored by members of the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering. It was reported that more P was lost in runoff from the compost treated field than the untreated field. Cumulative water infiltration rate, soil bulk density, and plant available water holding capacity of the soil were tested to determine if the composted dairy manure treatments affected these soil physical properties. The only significant change was an increase in plant available water holding capacity on the surface layer of the treated field. An economic analysis was performed using actual financial data from the project. A scenario was created to investigate the feasibility of a dairy farm profitably adding a small turfgrass sod enterprise to its operation. It was determined that a sod field enterprise could be moderately to highly profitable for a dairy.
Download or read book Chemical Processes in Soils written by M. A. Tabatabai and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental ScienceBites written by Kylienne A. Clark and published by The Ohio State University. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written by undergraduate students at The Ohio State University (OSU) who were enrolled in the class Introduction to Environmental Science. The chapters describe some of Earth's major environmental challenges and discuss ways that humans are using cutting-edge science and engineering to provide sustainable solutions to these problems. Topics are as diverse as the students, who represent virtually every department, school and college at OSU. The environmental issue that is described in each chapter is particularly important to the author, who hopes that their story will serve as inspiration to protect Earth for all life.
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Download or read book The Effect of Nitrogen Application Timing on Plant Available Phosphorus written by Emily Renee Horner and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Phosphorus (P) use in the turfgrass industry has recently become heavily scrutinized due to its suspected contribution to eutrophication of lakes and streams. Inorganic P is a highly immobile nutrient in the soil, binding tightly to organic matter, soil particles, and minerals immediately following fertilizer application. Though many studies have shown that P run-off from turf is not a major source of water pollution, and in many ways helps prevent it in urban and other settings, restrictions are being placed on fertilization of turf with products that contain P. The portion of P in the soil that is available for plant use, inorganic P, is only a small fraction of the total P that exists at any time in the soil. Phosphorus transformations between the unavailable organic P form and inorganic P in soil is not completely understood given that the process depends on a combination of many factors such as soil moisture; pH; temperature or seasonality; spacial variability; presence or absence of other nutrients such as nitrogen (N), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), carbon (C) and calcium (Ca); soil type; microbial activity; climate; vegetation; etc. A field study was conducted in 2006-2007 at the Ohio Turfgrass Research and Educational Facility, Columbus, Ohio to observe the effects of two of these factors, temperature or seasonality and the presence of nitrogen, on soil P availability. While applications of nitrogen alone in the past have been shown to maintain or increase available P levels in the soil, little evidence was seen here. Regardless of fertilizer treatment or timing, plant available P levels in all plots continuously decreased throughout the study indicating no treatment by time interaction. Some fertilizer treatment effects were observed that indicate that nitrogen fertilizer source can produce changes in plant available phosphorus.
Download or read book Soil Phosphorus written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, but global population growth has dramatically reduced the availability of phosphorus fertilizer resources. Despite this scarcity, there remain numerous problems associated with the excessive and inappropriate use of phosphorus leading to non-point source pollution and eutrophication of natural waters. Identifying appropriate systems for managing soil phosphorus and reducing the risks of eutrophication are needed to minimize the environmental risks. This book focuses on the availability and recycling of phosphorus; regulatory and policy issues of sustainable phosphorus use; and water quality management in agroecosystems pertaining to phosphorus. Sections are dedicated to global phosphorus reserves; cycling and pathways of phosphorus; phosphorus in agriculture; human dimensions and policy intervention; and research and development priorities. Phosphorus is a finite but crucial resource and is an essential element to all life. Sub-optimal availability and nutrient imbalance in the root zone can adversely impact plant growth, and the quality of food and feed grown on these soils. However, the proven reserves of phosphorus can hardly be adequate for a few centuries only. Yet, its misuse and mismanagement has caused severe problems of eutrophication of water and pollution of the environment. Thus, judicious management of soil phosphorus is essential. This volume is specifically devoted to availability and recycling of phosphorus, regulatory/policy issues of sustainable use of phosphorus, and management in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the environmental risks of water quality.
Download or read book Contribution of Phosphorus from Agricultural Land to Streams by Surface Runoff written by A. Spires and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Building Soils for Better Crops written by Fred Magdoff and published by Sare. This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "'Published by the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program, with funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture."
Download or read book Water Residuals to Reduce Soil Phosphorus written by J. DeWolfe and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-06-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus in surface runoff from agricultural lands is often implicated in the degradation of surface water quality. Many states are developing soil phosphorus application limits. Utilities must develop and implement new best management practices (BMPs) to control phosphorous. The objective of this project was to investigate the beneficial use of water treatment residuals (WTRs) to control non-point source (NPS) phosphorus pollution and protect surface water quality. Specifically, the researchers planned to examine the unique chemical characteristics of WTRs, namely the large concentration of aluminum and iron hyrdroxides, to combine them with phosphorus in high phosphorus soils, biosolids, and manures to reduce the likelihood of phosphorus release to aquatic environments. Several types of WTRs were selected and characterized based on the coagulant used (aluminum and iron based) and their form - dewatered or liquid. The research developed valuable new insight for the beneficial use of WTRs and demonstrated WTRs' potential as a BMP for phosphorus control in surface runoff from agricultural lands and for protecting surface water quality. In particular, the potential role of WTRs in Phosphorous Index programs was confirmed. Future research and full-scale demonstrations are needed to confirm the potential of land applied WTRs as a BMP for phosphorus control in runoff from agricultural lands. Land application of WTRs within a utility?s source water watershed, while subject to local and state regulations, can be implemented as part of an overall watershed protection program.
Download or read book Phosphorus Source Effects on Phosphorus Losses in Runoff Plant Availability and Soil Phosphorus written by Angela M. Ebeling and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turfgrass Science and Culture written by James B Beard and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1972 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classic and best-selling text for sod and turfgrass courses covering lawnkeeping and athletic groundskeeping.
Download or read book Mitigating Phosphorus Loss in Runoff from Agricultural Soils written by Francis Opoku and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eutrophication of surface waters caused by excessive phosphorus (P) loading is of water quality concern because of its promotion of algal blooms. Cover crops reduce total P (TP) loads in runoff and erosion but have been reported as potential source of dissolved reactive P (DRP) to runoff during winter due to lysis of cover crop cells by freeze-thaw cycles (FTC). However, the effects of cover crops on runoff P could be influenced by other factors such as species and age of cover crop, herbicide termination of cover crop, and soil test P (STP). Experiments were conducted to assess P release from cover crops -- oat (Avena sativa), cereal rye (Secale cereale), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and mustard (Brassica nigra) to runoff DRP. Freeze-thaw cycles elevated P release from cover crops but their impact was reduced when mature cover crops acclimatized at cooler temperatures in the field prior to laboratory extractions. The amounts of DRP contributing to runoff by cover crops was low relative to their tissue P pools and water extractable P (WEP) release under laboratory FTC conditions. Since red clover and mustard typically had less biomass than oat and cereal rye, they contributed minimally or to no detectable DRP amounts to runoff P. Particulate P (PP) and Total (TP) in runoff differed by cover crop species while herbicide application increased runoff DRP contribution by some species of cover crops. Runoff DRP and TP were higher in fall than spring whether cover crops were killed with herbicide or left to grow over winter. Generally, the STP range of these studies, 11 to 32 mg Olsen P kg-1 soil, did not impact cover crop biomass size nor their contribution to runoff DRP despite the high levels (45 to 63 mg kg-1) of WEP released from cover crops. The results of this study suggest that cover crop species selection, management of cover crop biomass and termination of cover crop, either by cutting late in the fall or by leaving it on the field over winter, are essential practices that should be adopted to minimize environmental P risk management.
Download or read book Green Roof Ecosystems written by Richard K. Sutton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date coverage of green (vegetated) roof research, design, and management from an ecosystem perspective. It reviews, explains, and poses questions about monitoring, substrate, living components and the abiotic, biotic and cultural aspects connecting green roofs to the fields of community, landscape and urban ecology. The work contains examples of green roof venues that demonstrate the focus, level of detail, and techniques needed to understand the structure, function, and impact of these novel ecosystems. Representing a seminal compilation of research and technical knowledge about green roof ecology and how functional attributes can be enhanced, it delves to explore the next wave of evolution in green technology and defines potential paths for technological advancement and research.
Download or read book Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
