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Book The Construction of a Gasoline Motor Vehicle

Download or read book The Construction of a Gasoline Motor Vehicle written by Clarence C. Bramwell and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Construction of a Gasolene Motor Vehicle  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Construction of a Gasolene Motor Vehicle Classic Reprint written by C. C. Bramwell and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-26 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Construction of a Gasolene Motor Vehicle Advantages - Deliver the fuel to the motor as a true gas; usually make it easy to start small motors; have no mov ing parts, are therefore noiseless; deliver the gasolene as a gas, hence there is little leakage. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Gasoline Automobile  Its Design and Construction  Vol  1

Download or read book The Gasoline Automobile Its Design and Construction Vol 1 written by P. M. Heldt and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Gasoline Automobile, Its Design and Construction, Vol. 1: The Gasoline Motor In a work of this nature it is, of course, impossible entirely to avoid the use of mathematics, since machine design consists chiefly in practical application of mathematics and mechanics in conjunction with experimental data. But it has been the aim to make the mathematical treatment as clear as possible, and in order to facilitate the use of the formulae derived, their applica tion is illustrated by practical examples in most instances. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Motor Car Principles

Download or read book Motor Car Principles written by Roger B. Whitman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Motor-Car Principles: The Gasoline Automobile The development of the gasoline automobile at home and abroad has produced a great variety of designs good, bad, and indifierent, but the advancement of the industry has weeded out the unsatisfactory and immoved the good until with few exceptions the leading makes show a striking similarity in all but details. The advantages of certain forms of construction have been recognized, and their adoption by the large majority of makers has produced what may be called a standard type. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Modern Gasoline Automobile

Download or read book The Modern Gasoline Automobile written by Victor Wilfred Page and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Modern Gasoline Automobile: Its Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance; A Practical, Comprehensive Treatise Explaining All Principles Pertaining to Gasoline Automobiles and Their Component Parts The favorable reception of this treatise by the motoring public has been gratifying, to say the least, and in presenting the fourth edition Of this work to the motoring fraternity the author wishes to thank those readers and reviewers who have made suggestions for improving or enlarging the scope of the exposition. The improve ments in the automobile during the two years this work has been on the market have been more in the nature Of refinement of body lines and improvement of mechanical detail than any radical change in principles or basic design. The most pronounced tendency is the adoption of eight-cylinder V motors, such as used in aeroplanes, to automobile propulsion, but this is not general. The De Dion eight cylinder V motor, which is the type from which the American motors have been taken, is therefore illustrated in this new issue. While the major portion of the 1914 edition of this work remains unchanged, owing to the highly developed state Of the art at the time it was prepared, it has been found desirable to include much addi tional matter in this latest edition in order to keep pace with the progress Of the industry. The entire work has been thoroughly revised and a number Of corrections made in the text. Much supple mentary matter has been added relating to ignition, the action Of magneto generators and basic principles on which they Operate, so this subject should be more easy Of comprehension. Entirely new material has been written on tractors in three and four-wheel forms, cyclecars and agricultural tractors or automobile plows; combination gasoline-electric drive, front-wheel and four-wheel drive and steer systems, and other important developments in power-propelled vehicles. The discussion Of power transmission methods has been augmented by consideration of the skew bevel gear and two-speed direct drive rear axle, as well as several new forms Of worm gear drive. The subject of electrical motor starting systems has been considered at length and leading systems and their components described. A discussion on ball and roller bearings, their maintenance and installa tion, has also been included, and a number Of other features of timely interest, such as latest types of gasoline and kerosene carburetors, cyclecar power plants, the Fischer slide valve motor, detachable wire wheels, etc., have been added to bring the work thoroughly up to date. Many new illustrations have been made to illustrate the mat ter and the treatment of some of the subjects changed to some extent upon the advice Of various educators to permit the work to be used to somewhat better advantage in teaching classes in engineering in various technical schools that have adopted this work exclusively as a text-book on elementary automobile engineering. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Gasoline Automobile  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Gasoline Automobile Classic Reprint written by George William Hobbs and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Gasoline Automobile The developments in automobile practice since the first edition of The Gasoline Automobile have necessitated some changes and revisions in this edition. The entire book has been completely rewritten and enlarged. Much new illustrative material has been added. The number of chapters has been increased from ten to sixteen. Complete chapters are now given on "Chassis and Running Gear," "Clutches and Transmissions," Rear Axles and Differentials," while entirely new chapters on "Principles of Electricity and Magnetism," "The Automobile Storage Battery," and "Wheels, Rims and Tires," have been added. No attempt has been made to cover all makes and models of cars and apparatus, but the purpose of offering instruction on the fundamental principles of automobile design, construction, and operation has been adhered to as far as possible. Mr. Earl L. Consoliver, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, has acted as co-author, taking the place of Mr. George W. Hobbs. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Gas  Gasoline  and Oil Vapor Engines

Download or read book Gas Gasoline and Oil Vapor Engines written by Gardner Dexter Hiscox and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Gas, Gasoline, and Oil Vapor Engines: A New Book Descriptive of Their Theory and Power, Illustrating Their Design, Construction and Operation for Stationary, Marine and Vehicle Motive Power The early exhaustion of the first edition has verified the author's prediction that there was need of a work of this charac ter. The second edition has been corrected, revised, and con tains much new matter, including data relating to the adaptation of these motors to vehicles and launches, a branch of the subject that is of great and growing interest. The patents of 1897 under their proper heading have been added, and, to forestall inquiry, a list of the names and addresses of the builders of explosive motors in the United States, so far as they could be ascertained, has also been appended. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Automobile Book

Download or read book The Automobile Book written by Charles E. Duryea and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Automobile Book: A Practical Treatise on the Construction, Operation and Care of Motor Cars Propelled by Gasoline Engines; With Full Explanations of All the Essential Parts The london-brighton Race. - A further evidence of the superiority of the American products was given at the first event in England, held November 14th, 1896, to celebrate the repeal Of the restrictive road laws of 1844. Nearly fifty en tries including the first, second and third winners of the French racing events of that year, were present, and all were beaten by a Duryea, nearly an hour, in the distance of 52 miles from London to Brighton. This unique victory of an American automobile over the best foreign constructions stood for years as evidence of the advanced positions of American constructors. Pneumatic tires, artillery wheels, spray carburetors, electric ignition by mechanical generator, throttle control, and many modern features were first shown on those winners, and contributed to the result. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Gasoline Automobile  Prepared in the Extension Division of the University of Wisconsin  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Gasoline Automobile Prepared in the Extension Division of the University of Wisconsin Classic Reprint written by George W. Hobbs and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-11 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Gasoline Automobile, Prepared in the Extension Division of the University of Wisconsin The purpose of this book is admirably expressed in the following quotation taken from the Buick instruction book: To derive the greatest amount of satisfaction and pleasure from the use of his car the driver should have a complete understanding of the mechanical principles underlying its operation. Merely knowing which pedal to press or which lever to pull is not enough. The really competent driver should under stand what happens in the various parts of the car's mechanism when he presses the pedal or pulls the lever. He should know the cause as well as the result. When we consider the complexity of modern automobiles from a mechanical standpoint, with the duties that are required of them, together with the fact that the great majority of them are Operated by men with little Or no experience in the handling of machinery, the automobile stands as one of the most remarkable machines that the ingenuity of man has ever produced. The operating expense of the automobile has already assumed a large place in the budget of the American people. Although it is so built that the owner may secure good service from his automobile with very little knowledge of its construction, still it is evident that an intimate acquaintance with its details should enable him to secure better service at less expense and at the same time to prolong the useful life of the car. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Modern Gasoline Automobile  Its Design  Construction  Maintenance and Repair

Download or read book The Modern Gasoline Automobile Its Design Construction Maintenance and Repair written by Victor Wilfred Pagé and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Modern Gasoline Automobile, Its Design, Construction, Maintenance and Repair: A Practical, Comprehensive Treatise Defining All Principles Pertaining to Gasoline Automobiles and Their Component Parts The Modern Gasoline Automobile, Its Design, Construction, Maintenance and Repair: A Practical, Comprehensive Treatise Defining All Principles Pertaining to Gasoline Automobiles and Their Component Parts was written by Victor Wilfred Pagé in 1913. This is a 760 page book, containing 209689 words and 266 pictures. Search Inside is enabled for this title. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Gasoline Automobile  Its Design and Construction  Vol  3

Download or read book The Gasoline Automobile Its Design and Construction Vol 3 written by Peter Martin Heldt and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Gasoline Automobile, Its Design and Construction, Vol. 3: Electrical Equipment, With Notes on Its Maintenance, Care and Repair The author will feel indebted to any of his readers who will apprise him of errors either in the text or the illustra tions. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Gasoline Automobile  Its Design and Construction  Vol  2

Download or read book The Gasoline Automobile Its Design and Construction Vol 2 written by P. M. Heldt and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Gasoline Automobile, Its Design and Construction, Vol. 2: Transmission, Running Gear and Control The advent of the high speed motor, together with a great in crease in the use of unit power plants, resulting in the lengthening of propeller shafts, has compelled designers to give more atten tion to the problem of critical speeds in shafts. Some matter on this subject has been incorporated in the Chapter on The Bevel Gear Drive and Rear Axle, the theory of critical speeds being explained and rules for their calculation given. Another branch of automobile engineering in which great com mercial development has taken place during the past four years is that relating to the worm drive. The chapter devoted to this subject has been largely rewritten and brought up to date. Minor additions and changes have been made throughout the book, and a number of typographical and other errors that occurred in the first edition have been corrected. For pointing out such errors the author wishes to thank some of his readers. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Modern Gasoline Automobile  Its Design  Construction  Maintenance and Repair

Download or read book The Modern Gasoline Automobile Its Design Construction Maintenance and Repair written by Victor Wilfred Page and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Modern Gasoline Automobile, Its Design, Construction, Maintenance and Repair: A Practical, Comprehensive Treatise Defining All Principles Pertaining to Gasoline Automobiles and Their Component Parts The favorable reception of this treatise by the motoring public has been gratifying, to say the least, and in presenting the seventh edition of this work to the motoring fraternity the author wishes to thank those readers and reviewers who have made suggestions for improving or enlarging the scepe of the Sxposition. The improve ments in the automobile during the five years this work has been on the market have been more in the nature of refinement of body lines and improvement of mechanical detail than any radical change in principles or basic design. The most pronounced tendency is the adoption of eight and twelve-cylinder V motors, such as used in aero planes, to automobile propulsion, but this is not general. All latest engine types and auxiliaries are described in this edition. While the major portion of the 1918 edition of this work remains unchanged, owing to the highly developed state of the art at the time it was prepared, it has been found desirable to include much addi tional matter in this latest edition in order to keep pace with the progress of the industry. The entire work has been thoroughly te vised and a number of corrections made in the text. Much supple mentary matter has been added relating to ignition, the action of generators and basic principles on which they operate, so this subject should be more easy of comprehension. Entirely new material has been written on tractors in three and four-wheel forms, cyclecars and agricultural tractors or automobile plows; combination gasoline-elec tric drive, front-wheel and four-wheel drive and steer systems, and other important developments in power-propelled vehicles. The dis cussion of power transmission methods has been augmented by con sideration of the skew bevel gear and two-speed direct drive rear axle. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Gasoline Automobiles  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Gasoline Automobiles Classic Reprint written by James A. Moyer and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Gasoline Automobiles The purpose of this book is to give such information about the construction and maintenance Of automobiles that inexpert owners can make the simpler adjustments and repairs intelligently and economically. The average man is becoming more and more dependent on automobiles. Economic considerations make it necessary for him to main tain and care for his automobile as easily and with as little expense as he used to keep his horse and carriage. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Ford Motor Car and Truck and Tractor Attachments

Download or read book The Ford Motor Car and Truck and Tractor Attachments written by Harold Phillips Manly and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Ford Motor Car and Truck and Tractor Attachments: Their Construction, Care and Operation When liquid gasoline is turned to a vapor or gas and mixed with air the mixture burns very easily. If this gasoline and air vapor is compressed into a small space it will ignite and burn so rapidly that the action is like an explosion. While burning, this mixture increases in volume and the resulting pressure is made to do the work of driving the car. In order to use the force of this explosive burning the mixture of gasoline vapor and air is placed in the cylinder of an engine. The upper end of this cyl inder is closed and the lower end is open as shown in Figure 1. In the lower end is a piston which makes a gas tight fit in the cylinder, yet slides freely from end to end. The burning mixture drives the piston down toward the open end of the cylinder and this motion of the piston turns a shaft from which is secured power to turn the wheels. Attached to the engine is a device called a carburetor which turns the liquid gasoline into a vapor and mixes this vapor with the proper amount of air to make a combustible mixture. To set fire to the gas an electric spark is caused to jump between two metal points inside of the engine cylinder, and in jumping through the mixture this spark ignites the gas. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Gas  Gasoline and Oil Engines  Including Producer Gas Plants

Download or read book Gas Gasoline and Oil Engines Including Producer Gas Plants written by Gardner Dexter Hiscox and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Gas, Gasoline and Oil-Engines, Including Producer-Gas Plants: A New, Complete and Practical Work on Gas, Gasoline, Kerosene, and Crude Petroleum Oil-Engines A book representing and illustrating the details Of design, manufacture, and management Of a new and progressive prime moving power, falls behind its time. By age and therefore needs re arrangement and additions to bring its text and illustrations up to date in all the departments Of such progressive industry. There is probably no more important mechanical industry, involving the production Of motive power for all purposes within the age of steam, than that Of the explosive motor and its far - reach ing effect in the promotion Of industry by a cheap helping hand. SO quickly has this new power expanded to almost universal usefulness as a labor-saving element in the lesser industries, that the literature of the past is found lacking in its up-to - date needs. Progress and improvement are the drift Of genius in this advanced age. The progress made in adapting the use Of crude petroleum as fuel for explosive power, together with the rapid development Of the producer-gas industry, have given a new economy in the production Of power, while the use Of the hitherto neglected gaseous elements Of the blast - furnace and coke manufacture have added new sources Of power production at a nominal cost. With these matters in View the author has revised, rewritten, and added to the contents Of the last edition Of this work such material and ideals that have come to his knowledge as will better represent the latest standards Of construction and Operation Of the explosive motor; to which is included an illustrated chapter on the production Of the new fuel gases and their uses. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Motor Car Principles

Download or read book Motor Car Principles written by Roger B. Whitman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Motor-Car Principles: The Gasoline Automobile The development of the gasoline automobile at home and abroad has produced a great variety of designs, good, bad, and indifferent, but the advancement of the industry has weeded out the unsatisfactory and improved the good until with few exceptions the leading makes show a striking similarity in all but details. The advantages of certain forms of construction have been recognized, and their adoption by the large majority of makers has produced what may be called a standard type. The object of this book is to explain the principles that underlie automobile construction and operation, and to illustrate the movements and mechanical combinations adopted in present-day practice. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.