Download or read book The Consequences of Predation by Chaoborus Americanus on Daphnia Pulex written by Ken Rollin Spitze and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct and indirect effects of predation by the aquatic dipteran larva Chaoborus americanus on the crustacean Daphnia pulex were investigated with a combination of laboratory and field assessments. All approaches indicated that Chaoborus inflict a pattern of size-specific mortality on Daphnia that can be well approximated by a Gaussian function. Maximum vulnerability is experienced by Daphnia with body size of about 1 mm. Daphnia larger that 2 mm were essentially invulnerable. Several techniques are presented that remove biases that exist in previous methods used to assess size-specific vulnerability. C. americanus emits a water soluble chemical that induces a morphological change within clones of D. pulex, most notably, the formation of a small horn on the dorsal margin of the head. Controlled laboratory experiments indicate that the horned morph experiences a 34-67% reduction in mortality, relative to the normal morph. Life table assays of many clones that compared the induced and non-induced morphs of each clone under identical conditions (except for induction factor) indicate substantial genotype x environment interaction for life history characters. Some clones showed a dramatic increase in body size, growth, and reproduction while other clones displayed a delay in reproduction, indicating a potential energetic cost to the induced morph. The significant genotype x environment interactions for many life-history characters indicate substantial genetic variance for the phenotypic plasticity. Assessments from large genetically diverse replicate laboratory populations indicate that Chaoborus predation can have significant effects on the clonal composition of Daphnia populations. Life table studies of laboratory populations in the presence and absence of Chaoborus indicate that Chaoborus predation leads to significant changes in mean population life history. Increased immature body size and delayed maturity were the most significant effects attributable directly to Chaoborus predation.
Download or read book The Consequences of Predation by Chaobours Americanus on Daphnia Pulex written by Ken Rollin Spitze and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predator induced Phenotypic Plasticity in Daphnia Pulex written by A. Ross Black and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Chaoborus and Daphnia Density on the Expression of Chaoborus induced Neckteeth in Daphnia Pulex written by Jannell D. Earle and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "During the last decade, most of the studies investigating predator-induced phenotypic plasticities have centered on predator or genetic influences on the behavior, morphology, or life history of the inducible prey, with little attention given to the contribution of prey density effects. This study addressed the effects of, predator and prey abundances, and genetic composition, on the expression of predator-induced phenotypic plasticity in natural pond populations. The predator-prey system used in this investigation includes larvae of the phantom midge, Chaoborus americanus, as the predator, and Daphnia pulex, as the prey. Predatory third and fourth instar larvae of Chaoborus induce juvenile Daphnia to adopt a less vulnerable morphology characterized as a dorsal spine (neckteeth) on the anterior region of the head. Ten pond populations were sampled during the summers of 1996 and 1997. Correlation analysis indicates the proportion of juveniles possessing neckteeth was significantly and positively associated with Chaoborus density. Additionally, necktooth expression was significantly and negatively correlated with D. pulex density. To determine the effect of the pond environment on induction, pond water bioassays were conducted by exposing a single D. pulex clone to four pond water dilution treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified the proportion of individuals expressmg Chaoborus-induced neckteeth in the pond water bioassays decreases significantly with each decreasing dilution treatment within and among the ponds (p
Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity and Predation Risk in Two Daphnia Species written by John Edward Havel and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemical Ecology of an Antipredator Defense Daphnia Pulex and Chaoborus Americanus written by Kenneth S. Parejko and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Der Einfluss Invertebrater R uber Auf Daphnia written by Julia Lüning and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Morphology written by Peter C. Wainwright and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1994-08-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological morphology examines the relation between an animal's anatomy and physiology—its form and function—and how the animal has evolved in and can inhabit a particular environment. Within the past few years, research in this relatively new area has exploded. Ecological Morphology is a synthesis of major concepts and a demonstration of the ways in which this integrative approach can yield rich and surprising results. Through this interdisciplinary study, scientists have been able to understand, for instance, how bat wing design affects habitat use and bat diet; how the size of a predator affects its ability to capture and eat certain prey; and how certain mosquitoes have evolved physiologically and morphologically to tolerate salt-water habitats. Ecological Morphology also covers the history of the field, the role of the comparative method in studying adaptation, and the use of data from modern organisms for understanding the ecology of fossil communities. This book provides an overview of the achievements and potential of ecological morphology for all biologists and students interested in the way animal design, ecology, and evolution interact.
Download or read book The Ecology and Evolution of Inducible Defenses written by Ralph Tollrian and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inducible defenses--those often dramatic phenotypic shifts in prey activated by biological agents ranging from predators to pathogens--are widespread in the natural world. Yet research on the inducible defenses used by vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats has largely developed along independent lines. Tollrian and Harvell bring together leading researchers from all fields to review common themes and explore emerging ideas. Contributors examine organisms as different as unicellular algae and higher vertebrates, and consider defenses ranging from immune systems to protective changes in morphology, behavior, chemistry, and life history.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intrazooplankton Predation written by Henri J. Dumont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predator Ecology written by John P. DeLong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predator-prey interactions are ubiquitous, govern the flow of energy up trophic levels, and strongly influence the structure of ecological systems. They are typically quantified using the functional response - the relationship between a predator's foraging rate and the availability of food. As such, the functional response is central to how all ecological communities function - since all communities contain foragers - and a principal driver of the abundance, diversity, and dynamics of ecological communities. The functional response also reflects all the behaviors, traits, and strategies that predators use to hunt prey and that prey use to evade predation. It is thus both a clear reflection of past evolution, including predator-prey arms races, and a major force driving the future evolution of both predator and prey. Despite their importance, there have been remarkably few attempts to synthesize or even briefly review functional responses. This novel and accessible book fills this gap, clearly demonstrating their crucial role as the link between individuals, evolution, and community properties, representing a highly-integrated and measurable aspect of ecological function. It provides a clear entry point for students, a refresher for more advanced researchers, and a motivator for future research. Predator Ecology is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate students and researchers in ecology and evolutionary biology seeking a broad, up-to-date, and authoritative coverage of the field. It will also be of relevance and use to mathematical ecologists, wildlife biologists, and anyone interested in predator-prey interactions.
Download or read book The Biodiversity Crisis and Crustacea Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress written by J. Carel von Vaupel Klein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-01 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this volume have been grouped according to the main sub-themes of the congress and primarily deal with the biodiversity issues of invasive crustacea, ecology and behaviour and fisheries and aquaculture.
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The American Naturalist written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cladocera the Biology of Model Organisms written by A. Brancelj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cladocerans are increasingly used in many fields of science and this volume covers a wide range of such topics. Cladocerans have a strong influence on freshwater ecosystems and in some aspects they can be used in biomanipulation projects. Their fast and easy asexual reproduction offers a wide range of possibilities for studies in many fields of research: genetics, ecology, ecotoxicology, etc. In some ways they are the Drosophila of the present day. Their global distribution makes them of special interest from a phylogenetic and biogeographic as well as an ecological point of view. Apart from the proceedings of previous symposia, there are no other books which cover the whole range of aspects. These proceedings update the last symposia as well as including completely new information on certain fields of research. Target groups are research scientists within ecology, systematic biology, evolutionary biology and population biology. The book could also be a useful source of information for special courses for students of the above mentioned topics.
Download or read book The Cross generational Effects of Invertebrate Predators Chaoborus Sp on Prey Daphnia Ambigua written by Jennifer Nhuy Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
