Download or read book The Compatibility of Anti abuse Provisions in Tax Treaties with EC Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Compatibility of Anti Abuse Provisions in Tax Treaties with EC Law written by P. Essers and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the question of whether anti-abuse provisions in tax treaties may be in conflict with EC law, especially the fundamental freedoms contained in the EC Treaty. This issue is dealt with from the perspective of Austria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Download or read book Anti Abuse Rules and Tax Treaties written by Georg Kofler et al. and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2024-06-24 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the struggle to combat tax abuse and tax avoidance gains momentum, ways of making a tax jurisdiction ‘manipulation-proof’ continue to proliferate, from new or revised provisions in model tax treaties to a dramatic increase in the number and variety of anti-abuse and anti-avoidance rules at all levels of government. These measures interact with national tax systems, general anti-abuse clauses and tax treaties. The conflicts and other legal difficulties that inevitably result deserve intensive scrutiny. This book provides an in-depth analysis of current issues concerning the relations of various anti-abuse rules to each other and their impact on the application of tax treaties. The topics include the following: domestic general anti-avoidance rules (GAARs); domestic specific anti-avoidance rules (SAARs) (including controlled foreign company rules); minimum holding periods; indirect transfers of immovable property, shares, and rights; limitation on benefits; residence criteria in tax treaties; tax treatment of sportspersons and entertainers; the principal purpose test of Article 29 (9) OECD Model (2017); and influence of European Union Law on tax treaty abuse. The chapters are revised and expanded versions of papers presented at the 30th Viennese Symposium on International Tax Law held on 12 June 2023 at Vienna University of Economics and Business. Each author offers an in-depth analysis of a particular topic, drawing on the most recent scientific research. This is the only book available to offer such a wide-ranging, detailed, and practical analysis of how the full range of anti-abuse rules interacts with tax treaties. It will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners and law firms active in tax planning, tax consultants, academics and researchers in international tax law and counsel for companies involved in international business.

Download or read book The Impact of Community Law on Tax Treaties Issues and Solutions written by Pasquale Pistone and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2002-03-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study on the question of harmonization of direct taxation among European Community Member States: how Member States must comply with EC Law as they apply their tax treaties, how EC law regulates cross-border tax issues within the Community, and how EC law affects tax treaties between EU Member States and third countries. The book provides expert commentary on 27 leading tax cases from the European Court of Justice, and gives the proposal of EC Model Tax Convention, which combines existing provisions of international tax law with the principles of Community tax law.

Download or read book Taxation of Intercompany Dividends Under Tax Treaties and EU Law written by Guglielmo Maisto and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1093 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a detailed and comprehensive study on the taxation of cross-border dividend distributions. It first considers cross-border dividend taxation in the context of EU law. In this field, issues such as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice, the hindrance to the internal market caused by double taxation of dividends and the compatibility of dividend withholding taxes are dealt with. Next, the book discusses the taxation of dividends under tax treaties, in particular focusing on the definition of "dividends" in the OECD Model Convention and the meaning of the concept of "beneficial owner" as applied to dividends. The application of domestic and agreement-based anti-abuse rules to dividends is thoroughly analysed. Finally, the relevance of the non-discrimination provision enshrined in Art. 24 of the OECD Model Convention to dividends as well as procedural issues relating to treaty relief and possible ways of improvement are taken into consideration. Individual country surveys provide an in-depth analysis of the above issues from a national viewpoint in selected European and non-European jurisdictions.

Download or read book Preventing Treaty Abuse written by Daniel Blum and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of notion, roots und measures of treaty abuse The OECD initiative on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting has put the issue of treaty abuse and the means to counter it on top of the global political agenda. Preventing treaty abuse is therefore currently one of the most debated topics in international tax law. Diverging national legal traditions in combatting abuse both under domestic and tax treaty law have led to a globally diversified legal framework in this respect and make the OECD’s agenda to harmonize these attempts even more challenging. The aim of this book is to analyze the notion of treaty abuse, its historical roots and the measures to counter it. The book’s topics cover a wide range of both policy and legal issues. The contributions’ main focus lies onanalyzing the proposals put forward by the OECD in BEPS action items 6 and 7. In addition, this book analyzes the lessons which can be learnt from the US tax treaty policy and elaborates on the effects the intensified fight against treaty abuse will have from a Non-OECD member state perspective. Also EU law is taken into account and the question raised which impact the fundamental freedoms might have on the development of new anti-avoidance rules. Finally the relation between domestic and treaty based anti-avoidance is analyzed in great detail, identifying the methodical problems of ensuring a sound and abuse safe legal framework. With this book, the authors and editors hope to contribute to the discussion on selected issues of preventing treaty abuse and the challenges they present to policy makers, judges, tax administrations and tax advisers.

Download or read book Anti Abuse Rules and Tax Treaties written by Georg Kofler and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EU Most Favoured Nation Treatment V Tax Treaty Shopping Re evaluating the Anti abuse Justification in the rule of Reason Doctrine written by A. Merola and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most favoured nation (MFN) treatment concept is closely connected with the non-discrimination principle since it implies that source country cannot subject an inbound investment to different treatment according to the origin of the investors, ultimately with regards their residence. This paper traces the reasons according to which ECJ reject the principle of MFN treatment in the field of direct taxation when the benefit to be extended form an integral part of a DTC. The author argues that the Court implicitly recognizes the Member States' freedom of tax treaty 'competition' that is capable of undermining the Internal Market neutrality. The author considers the advantage of the implementation of the MFN treatment principle into the EU against treaty shopping. The core of the paper discusses how the loopholes of the EU MFN treatment principle can be defused by the 'antidote' of the anti-abuse justification in case of treaty shopping. The paper considers the position held by the ECJ in ACT Group Litigation case in favour of LOB clause because it undermines the compatibility between the EU fundamental freedoms and the measures provided by Action 6 of the BEPS Project. In conclusion, the author finds that an EU MFN treatment principle, beyond preserving the neutrality of the Internal Market, would reconcile the actual clash between EU law and Action 6 BEPS' anti-abuse rules because it would correct the 'mismatching effect' of the Action 6 BEPS' implementation in the EU when it is capable of harming harm 'non-wholly artificial' arrangement.

Download or read book Reconstructing the Treaty Network EU Report written by João Félix Pinto Nogueira and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was drafted as the EU topical report for IFA's general report on the topic reconstructing the treaty network and deals with the intersection of three areas: i) European Union law; ii) the OECD's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project (BEPS) and its implementation, and; iii) member states' tax treaties between them and with third countries. This study reaches several conclusions.First, it should be noted that the Union's competence under article 115 TFEU not only covers purely internal situations, but the Union can also use its internal competence to specify the treatment of non-EU investors or third-country investments, and it has done so, e.g., in the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD). This has potential impact also on tax treaties between the member states and with third countries: Given the supremacy of EU (secondary) law, domestic law implementing Directives (e.g., the ATAD) might, under certain conditions, arguably take precedence over (pre- and post-accession) tax treaties between the member states, even if that implementation is detrimental to taxpayers and irrespective of whether the specific tax treaty was concluded before or after a provision of a Directive entered into force. As for tax treaties with third countries the TFEU contains a differentiating rule, as article 351 TFEU (ex-article 307 EC) grandfathers (only) member states' treaties with third countries, including tax treaties, that a member state concluded before 1 January 1958 or, for acceding states, before the date of their accession, so that EU law arguably takes precedence over post-accession tax treaties with third countries and, therefore, may directly affect the relevant member state's (but of course not the third country's) tax system.Second, the European Commission has issued various Recommendations with regard to post-BEPS tax treaties of the member states. A 2012 Recommendation "on aggressive tax planning" addressed (also) tax treaty-based double non-taxation and encouraged member states to include an appropriate subject-to-tax clause in their double taxation conventions.The Commission's 2016 Recommendation dealt with the inclusion of a subject-to-tax clause in tax treaties, the definition of "permanent establishments" to prevent their artificial avoidance (article 5 OECD MC) and the use of an EU-compatible Principal Purposes Test (PPT), which refers to "a genuine economic activity" as a carve-out to align the clause with the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union as regards the abuse of law. Third, the OECD BEPS project has established a (political) minimum standard regarding measures against treaty shopping (article 7 MLI and article 29 OECD MC), and the Limitation on Benefits (LoB) clause in particular raises issues with regard to its compatibility with the EU fundamental freedoms. In particular, LoB clauses are confronted with continuing doubts regarding their compatibility with the freedom of establishment. These concerns have also found expression not only in various documents of the European Commission but also in the BEPS Action 6 Final Report, where the OECD noted that some countries may have "concerns based on EU law that prevent them from adopting the exact wording of the model provisions that are recommended in this report", further specifying those concerns by recognizing "that the LOB rule will need to be adapted to reflect certain constraints or policy choices concerning other aspects of a bilateral tax treaty between two Contracting States" such as "concerns based on EU law". Indeed, the "ownership clauses" in LoB provisions face scrutiny because the company's residence state has agreed to give better conditions to companies held by shareholders resident in its own territory as compared to the ones resident elsewhere in the EU and the EEA. In such circumstances and in light of the Open Skies judgments, LoB clauses could thus be regarded as the immediate source of the discriminatory treatment.It is, however, unclear whether other - objective or subjective - tests in a typical LoB clause make them "EU compatible", and if the source state's perspective might require a different analysis in light of the ECJ's decision in ACT Group Litigation.Fourth, and while the OECD BEPS project has not established a minimum standard with regard to mandatory binding arbitration, the 2017 Tax Dispute Resolution Directive (TDRD) has established a mechanism for binding arbitration with regard to tax "disputes". While the TDRD does not address double taxation outside of a tax treaty context, it is a huge step towards the removal of double taxation caused by diverging interpretation and application of tax treaties between member states.Fifth, the OECD BEPS project has addressed situations of treaty-based non-taxation, which might also raise state aid questions under article 107 TFEU in cases where the misapplication of a tax treaty leads to "white income". While generally "the need to avoid double taxation" would be a basis for a possible justification, it might indeed be asked if a double taxation convention must be interpreted, in light of article 107 TFEU, to not give rise to "white income" (e.g., through an unconditional exemption of untaxed income) or to "overcompensation" (e.g., through a tax sparing credit). That rather extreme path, however, was not (yet) taken by the Commission in the McDonald's case: Indeed, to show selectivity, the Commission attempted merely to prove that Luxembourg had misapplied the applicable tax treaty. It did not rely on the alternative argument that double non-taxation resulting from the application of a tax treaty ipso facto amounts to state aid.

Download or read book CFC Legislation Tax Treaties and EC Law written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compilation of 23 national reports dealing with domestic CFC provisions and the influence of tax treaties and EC law on CFC legislation and a summarising general report, originating from a joint conference on CFC legislation in Rust (Austria) from 3-6 July 2003.

Download or read book Tax Treaties Building Bridges between Law and Economics written by and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2010 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book experts from the field of economics take a different view of tax treaty issues than experts from the field of law. In order to encourage the much needed communication between these two groups, a cross-disciplinary conference was held to discuss selected tax treaty issues from both a legal and economic perspective. Twenty-five conference papers on eight topics were prepared by lawyers and economists. The papers on legal issues were presented and discussed by economists, and vice versa. The interdisciplinary focus of the conference not only allowed an exchange of knowledge between two groups who think differently about similar issues, but also made it possible to better grasp the impact of the thinking of one group on the areas of interest to the other group. The outcome of the conference is reflected in this book. By showing the legal and the economic approaches to an issue, this book improves the general understanding of the two disciplines and demonstrates how the decisions in one discipline may influence the other discipline and its concepts. Twenty-two contributions are included, written by the most distinguished academics, practitioners and representatives of several international tax administrations and both tax and economic institutions.

Download or read book A Guide to the Anti Tax Avoidance Directive written by Werner Haslehner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise, practical guide to the European Union’s Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD). Presenting unique insights into the ATAD’s five specific anti-avoidance rules, its chapters explain the background of those rules, the directive’s interactions with relevant jurisprudence, and the challenges posed to the ATAD’s interpretation and implementation in domestic law.

Download or read book Procedural Rules in Tax Law in the Context of European Union and Domestic Law written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely work seeks to identify the differences between the domestic procedural rules and principles of an array of EU and non-EU countries and analyse them in the context of European Union law requirements. Specific attention is paid to the impact of State aid rules on procedural law in tax matters, on constitutional law requirements as well as tax treaty law issues. Since customs law is already harmonized in the form of the Community Customs Code, it serves as a starting point to examine the extent to which harmonized procedural law is possible. Harmonized procedural law is also discussed in the context of a possible future Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base as well as an EU tax levied at the European Union level.

Download or read book International Tax Planning and Prevention of Abuse written by Luc De Broe and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers how tax authorities attempt to strike down international tax avoidance structures, in particular those involving the use of conduit and base companies set up by third-country residents for purposes of "treaty shopping" and "EC-Directive shopping". The book focuses on the interaction between provisions and judicially developed doctrines of domestic tax law preventing international tax avoidance on the one hand, and norms of international law, in particular tax treaties and rules of Community law, on the other. It also considers treaty-based anti-avoidance measures such as the "beneficial ownership" requirement and "limitation on benefits" provisions. This part of the study compares and analyses the case law of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, India, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Download or read book The Impact of Tax Treaties and EU Law on Group Taxation Regimes written by Bruno da Silva and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-07-11 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should the income of a corporate group be taxed differently solely because the traditional structure of the income tax system considers each company individually? Taxation affects business decisions, including location, the form in which business is carried out, and the efficient allocation of company resources. Disparities – differences arising from the interaction of different tax systems – and obstacles – distortions created by domestic legislation arising from differences between domestic and cross-border situations – both become more acute when a business chooses to set up or acquire other companies, thus forming a group, usually operating in multiple jurisdictions. Responding to such ever more common developments, this book is the first in-depth analysis of how tax treaties and EU law influence group taxation regimes. Among the issues and topics covered are the following: – analysis of the different tax group regimes adopted by different countries; – advantages and disadvantages of a variety of models; – application of the non-discrimination provision of Article 24 of the OECD Model Tax Convention to group taxation regimes; – application of the fundamental freedoms of the TFEU to group taxation regimes following the three-step approach adopted by the EU Court of Justice; – uncertainty raised by the landmark Marks & Spencer case, its interpretation and consequences to other group taxations regimes; – interrelations between tax treaties and EU Law in the context of tax groups; and – per-element approach. The analysis considers concrete examples as well as relevant case law. With its analysis of the standards required by the two sets of norms (tax treaties and EU law) and their interaction, particularly in terms of non-discrimination, this book sheds clear light on ways to overcome the disparities and obstacles inherent in group taxation regimes. As a thorough survey of the extent to which the interpretation of tax treaties and EU law affect group taxation regimes, this book has no peers. All taxation professionals, whether working in EU Member States or in EU trading partners, will appreciate its invaluable insights and guidance.

Download or read book Hybrid Entities in Tax Treaty Law written by Sriram Govind and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax treaty law and EU tax law in connection with hybrid entities Hybrid entities have traditionally been used as an avenue for international tax planning, and extending benefits under tax treaties to such entities has been a source of controversy for many years now. Although the OECD Partnership Report provided solid policy footing on this issue, there was still no common legal basis that countries could rely on for such positions. The increasing focus of countries towards the curbing of tax avoidance and abuse involving hybrid mismatch arrangements culminated in a specific action plan in the BEPS Project being dedicated to the design of domestic rules and the development of treaty provisions that would neutralize the tax effects of such arrangements. This volume provides an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this topic. It is divided into two parts – the first dealing exclusively with tax treaty issues arising in connection with hybrid entities and the second dealing with EU tax law issues surrounding hybrid entities. The former part comprises chapters analysing how tax treaties have historically dealt with this issue with a focus on domestic court jurisprudence, the positions in the OECD and the UN Model Conventions, the developments that have come about owing to the BEPS Project, and the impact of several existing measures, regimes, and vehicles on these tax treaty provisions. The latter part comprises chapters on how hybrid entities are dealt with under primary EU law, under various secondary law directives including the newly enacted Anti-Tax Avoidance Directives, and an analysis of policy solutions offered in this direction.

Download or read book Belastingontwijking en de EG Verdragvrijheden written by Dennis Weber and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book investigates the extent tot which a taxpayer may invoke the freedom of movement within the Community in order to avoid national direct taxes. A Member State's right to protect its taxing authority and tax jurisdiction may collide with a Union citizen's right to free movement under Community law. The author shows what at the national level is viewed as abuse may often be viewed from an EC law perspective as invoking the Treaty freedoms. As his starting point, the author describes relevant Community law as it stands at present, whereby Member States are exclusively authorized to determine the types, tax bases, rates, and procedural aspects of direct taxes. He goes on to examine the possibilities offered by primary EC law to cross-border taxpayers who seek to avoid tax, basing his presentation on an in-depth analysis of the tax and non-tax case law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Among the issues raised in the course of the analysis are the following: applicability of each of the freedoms of the citizen, of goods, of workers, of establishment, of services, and of capital;tests entailed by Community law: the economic activity test, the artificiality test, and the substance test;the extent to which holding and letterbox companies may invoke the freedom of movement; andthe fiscal cohesion justification. The author describes the implicit concept of avoidance that the Court apparently uses by examining its tax and non-tax decisions in avoidance-like cases, thus offering a valuable discussion of whether the anti-abuse doctrine development by the Court is a principle of Community law. In its thorough investigation of a major current manifestation of the emblematic conflict between state taxing authority and personal freedom, this thoughtful and well-researched analysis will be of great value to tax professionals, officials, and academics not only on Europe but wherever this fundamental problem in tax law applies.