Download or read book The Comovement in Commodity Prices written by Mr.Ron Alquist and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a simple macroeconomic model with a continuum of primary commodities used in the production of the final good, such that the real prices of commodities have a factor structure. One factor captures the combined contribution of all aggregate shocks which have no direct effects on commodity markets other than through general equilibrium effects on output, while other factors represent direct commodity shocks. Thus, the factor structure provides a decomposition of underlying structural shocks. The theory also provides guidance on how empirical factors can be rotated to identify the structural factors. We apply factor analysis and the identification conditions implied by the model to a cross-section of real non-energy commodity prices. The theoretical restrictions implied by the model are consistent with the data and thus yield a structural interpretation of the common factors in commodity prices. The analysis suggests that commodity-related shocks have generally played a limited role in global business cycle fluctuations.

Download or read book The Myth of Comoving Commodity Prices written by Mr.Paul Cashin and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-12-01 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a common perception that the prices of unrelated commodities move together. This paper re-examines this notion, using a measure of comovement of economic time series called concordance. Concordance measures the proportion of time that the prices of two commodities are concurrently in the same boom period or same slump period. Using data on the prices of several unrelated commodities, the paper finds no evidence of comovement in commodity prices. The results carry an important policy implication, as the study provides no support for earlier claims of irrational trading behavior by participants in world commodity markets.

Download or read book Commodity price Comovement and Global Economic Activity written by Ron Alquist and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guided by a macroeconomic model in which commodity prices are endogenously determined, we apply a new factor-based identification strategy to decompose the historical sources of changes in commodity prices and global economic activity. The model yields a factor structure for commodity prices and identification conditions that provide the factors with an economic interpretation: one factor captures the combined contribution of shocks that affect commodity markets only through general-equilibrium forces. Applied to a cross-section of commodity prices since 1968, the theoretical restrictions are consistent with the data and yield structural interpretations of the common factors in commodity prices. Commodity-related shocks have contributed modestly to global economic fluctuations.

Download or read book Co movement of major commodity price returns A time series assessment written by de Nicola, Francesca and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the degree of co-movement among the nominal price returns of 11 major energy, agricultural, and food commodities using monthly data between 1970 and 2013. The authors study the extent and the time evolution of unconditional and conditional correlations using a uniform-spacings testing approach, a multivariate dynamic conditional correlation model and a rolling regression procedure.

Download or read book Essays on the Comovement of Commodity Prices the Prebisch Singer Hypothesis and the Convergence of CO2 Emissions written by MD Towhidul Islam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation aims at developing econometric tests to study nonstationarity in panel data allowing for cross-correlations. The first chapter examines excessive comovement and nonstationarity in commodity prices. Pindyck and Rotemberg (1990) found excessive comovements among prices of a broad set of commodities. Wang and Tomek (2007) argue that commodity prices should be stationary and convergent though literature shows otherwise. I use both the principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic factor models (DFM) to extract the comovements. We find some comovements, but they are not excessive. Then I control for the common factors and structural breaks in our unit root tests. I show that most commodity prices are non-stationary even after accounting for comovements and structural breaks. The second chapter studies the Prebisch-Singer (PS) hypothesis implying that commodity prices decline relative to industrial prices over the time. This has important implications for the growth of developing countries though the empirical evidence on the hypothesis is mixed. Using the dynamic factor models and principal component analyses I find significant comovements. I employ the residual augmented least squares (RALS) procedure to utilize the information contained in those factors and in the non-normal errors. I use Fourier function to model structural changes. Using data from 1900 to 2018, I find significantly negative trend in the common Fourier function and the dynamic common factor of the relative prices which supports the PS hypothesis. Out of the 24 individual relative commodity prices, I find negative trend in 12, positive trend in 6 and no clear pattern in others. I find an emerging positive trend in several of them from early 2000s. The last chapter develops a new unit-root test that accounts for dummy breaks and factors extend the two break tests of Lee and Strazicich (2003) in a factor structure to allow for cross-correlations using the PANIC procedure of Bai and Ng (2004). Then, we apply the new tests to examine the stochastic convergence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a set of 30 OECD countries during the period 1960-2018. Our results show that the null of no convergence is rejected only for a few countries.

Download or read book Is There Excess Co movement of Primary Commodity Prices written by Theodosios B. Palaskas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Excess Co movement of Commodity Prices written by Robert S. Pindyck and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper tests and confirms the existence of a puzzling phenomenon - the prices of largely unrelated raw commodities have a persistent tendency to move together. We show that this comovement of prices is well in excess of anything that can be explained by the common effects of past, current, or expected future values of macroeconomic variables such as inflation, industrial production, interest rates, and exchange rates. These results are a rejection of the standard competitive model of commodity price formation with storage.

Download or read book Comovement in Crude Oil and Biofuel Markets written by Mathieu Fournier and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2007-2008 food crisis had severe political, economic, and social consequences worldwide and shed light on the new existing integration between energy and agricultural commodity markets. Scholars subsequently analyzed the factors that had given raise to this integration and were particularly interested in the contribution of the three price transmission channels: the cost, financialization, and substitution channel. Using daily futures prices over the period from January 1990 to December 2014 for twenty-four US commodities, the study at hand extends the existing research and provides evidence of potential structural breaks in the comovement between energy and agricultural commodity prices, assesses the relative importance of each of the three price transmission channels in integrating energy and agricultural commodity markets, and estimates the potential contribution of important US biofuels regulations to this integration. By following a statistical approach that was recently developed, this study, first of all, demonstrates that agricultural commodities that can also be used as biofuel feedstocks exhibit structural breaks in their comovement with crude oil at the end of the Summer 2004. Using a Difference-in-Differences approach, the study at hand then decomposes the contribution of the different price transmission channels to the comovement variations during the 2005-2014 period. It provides evidence for the contribution of all three channels to a massive comovement increase after January 2005, and shows that the substitution channel subsequently contributed to a comovement decrease at the beginning of 2010. Overall, this study concludes that the jump in comovement between US energy and agricultural commodity prices that occurred between 2005 and 2010, and ultimately contributed to the severe food crisis, was caused by both extreme high crude oil prices and US regulations promoting biofuels. In this respect, this study id.

Download or read book The Economics and Finance of Commodity Price Shocks written by Mikidadu Mohammed and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behaviour of commodity prices never ceases to marvel economists, financial analysts, industry experts, and policymakers. Unexpected swings in commodity prices used to occur infrequently but have now become a permanent feature of global commodity markets. This book is about modelling commodity price shocks. It is intended to provide insights into the theoretical, conceptual, and empirical modelling of the underlying causes of global commodity price shocks. Three main objectives motivated the writing of this book. First, to provide a variety of modelling frameworks for documenting the frequency and intensity of commodity price shocks. Second, to evaluate existing approaches used for forecasting large movements in future commodity prices. Third, to cover a wide range and aspects of global commodities including currencies, rare–hard–lustrous transition metals, agricultural commodities, energy, and health pandemics. Some attempts have already been made towards modelling commodity price shocks. However, most tend to narrowly focus on a subset of commodity markets, i.e., agricultural commodities market and/or the energy market. In this book, the author moves the needle forward by operationalizing different models, which allow researchers to identify the underlying causes and effects of commodity price shocks. Readers also learn about different commodity price forecasting models. The author presents the topics to readers assuming less prior or specialist knowledge. Thus, the book is accessible to industry analysts, researchers, undergraduate and graduate students in economics and financial economics, academic and professional economists, investors, and financial professionals working in different sectors of the commodity markets. Another advantage of the book’s approach is that readers are not only exposed to several innovative modelling techniques to add to their modelling toolbox but are also exposed to diverse empirical applications of the techniques presented.

Download or read book Increasing Trends in the Excess Comovement of Commodity Prices written by Kazuhiko Ohashi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate how the excess comovement of commodity prices, that is, the correlation in commodity returns after filtering out common fundamental shocks, has changed over the past three decades by developing the smooth-transition dynamic conditional correlation model that can capture long-run trends and short-run dynamics of correlation simultaneously. Using data from 1983 to 2011, we find that significant increasing long-run trends in excess comovement have appeared since around 2000. We confirm that these increasing trends are neither an artefact of the financial crisis after the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 nor the time-varying sensitivities of commodity returns to common fundamental shocks. Moreover, we find that no significant increasing trends exist in the excess comovement among off-index commodities and that the surge of global demand alone cannot explain the increasing trends. These findings provide additional evidence for the timing and scope of the recent increasing commodity-return correlations that suggest the influence of the financialization of commodity markets starting around 2000.

Download or read book Commodity Price Dynamics written by Craig Pirrong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodities have become an important component of many investors' portfolios and the focus of much political controversy over the past decade. This book utilizes structural models to provide a better understanding of how commodities' prices behave and what drives them. It exploits differences across commodities and examines a variety of predictions of the models to identify where they work and where they fail. The findings of the analysis are useful to scholars, traders and policy makers who want to better understand often puzzling - and extreme - movements in the prices of commodities from aluminium to oil to soybeans to zinc.

Download or read book Methods to Analyse Agricultural Commodity Price Volatility written by Isabelle Piot-Lepetit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the issue of price volatility in agricultural commodities markets and how this phenomenon has evolved in recent years. The factors underlying the price spike of 2007-08 appear to be global and macroeconomic in nature, including the rapid growth in demand by developing countries, the international financial crisis, and exchange rate movements. Some of these factors are new, appearing as influences on price volatility only in the last decade. Although volatility has always been a feature of agricultural commodity markets, the evidence suggests that volatility has increased in certain commodity markets. A growing problem is that agricultural price shocks and volatility disrupt agricultural markets, economic incentives and incomes. With increased globalization and integration of financial and energy markets with agricultural commodity markets, the relationships between markets are expanding and becoming more complex. When a crisis such as a regional drought, food safety scare or a financial crisis hits a particular market, policy-makers often do not know the extent to which it will impact on other markets and affect producer, consumer and trader decisions. Including contributions from experts at the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the USDA, and the European Commission, the research developed throughout the chapters of this book is based on current methodologies that can be used to analyze price volatility and provide directions for understanding this volatility and the development of new agricultural policies. The book highlights the challenges facing policy makers in dealing with the changing nature of agricultural commodities markets, and offers recommendations for anticipating price movements and managing their consequences. It will be a practical guide for both present and future policy-makers in deciding on potential price-stabilizing interventions, and will also serve as a useful resource for researchers and students in agricultural economics.

Download or read book Commodities written by M. A. H. Dempster and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since a major source of income for many countries comes from exporting commodities, price discovery and information transmission between commodity futures markets are key issues for continued economic development.This book covers the fundamental theory of and derivatives pricing for major commodity markets as well as the interaction between commodi

Download or read book Futures Trading and the Excess Comovement of Commodity Prices written by Yannick Le Pen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We empirically reinvestigate the issue of the excess co-movement of commodity prices initially raised in Pindyck and Rotemberg (1990). Excess co-movement appears when commodity prices remain correlated even after adjusting for the impact of fundamentals. We use recent developments in large approximate factor models to consider a richer information set and adequately model these fundamentals. We consider a set of eight unrelated commodities along with 184 real and nominal macroeconomic variables, from developed and emerging economies, from which nine factors are extracted over the 1993-2013 period. Our estimates provide evidence of time-varying excess co-movement which is only occasionally significant. We further show that speculative intensity is a driver of the estimated excess co-movement, as speculative trading is both correlated across the commodity futures markets and correlated with the futures prices. Our results can be taken as direct evidence of the significant impact of financialization on commodity-price cross-moments.

Download or read book Sharing a Ride on the Commodities Roller Coaster written by Andres Fernandez and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluctuations in commodity prices are an important driver of business cycles in small emerging market economies (EMEs). We document how these fluctuations correlate strongly with the business cycle in EMEs. We then embed a commodity sector into a multi-country EMEs’ business cycle model where exogenous fluctuations in commodity prices follow a common dynamic factor structure and coexist with other driving forces. The estimated model assigns to commodity shocks 42 percent of the variance in income, of which a considerable part is linked to the common factor. A further amplification mechanism is a ”spillover” effect from commodity prices to risk premia.

Download or read book The Influence of Commodity Speculation on Commodity Price Development written by Nicolas Schreiber and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich BWL - Bank, Börse, Versicherung, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Commodity prices have been rising significantly since the early 2000s with price growth reaching its fastest pace between 2006 and 2008. While nearly all commodities were hit by the aforementioned price spikes, price spikes where particularly pronounced for mineral commodities. For the most part of recent research two different approaches are applied to measure the impact of speculation on price development. The first one examines if there is any change in commodity price development due to the aforementioned increased financialization of commodity markets, whereas the second one compares the behavior of commodity prices with and without an existing futures market. This thesis combines both approaches and tests the hypotheses that either the first-time introduction of derivatives or the introductions of regulatory governmental acts that facilitate speculative index investment in commodities have significant effects on commodity price development by the example of copper traded on US-based exchanges. For this purpose, relevant copper price characteristics will be analyzed before and after possibly speculation-conducive events (i.e. the introduction of copper futures trading and two selected acts) for the period from 1971 to 2010. Furthermore, following Tang and Xiong (2012), this thesis examines if the introduction of governmental acts of the aforementioned type induces an increased market integration of non-energy commodity markets. This is of particular interest as market integration can at times induce increased volatility spillovers between the respective markets (Tang & Xiong, 2012). The first part of this work gives a short overview of the technical background necessary to understand the relationship between commodity prices and speculation. The second part provides a general review of related literature and research on the relationship between commodity prices and speculation. The third part focuses on the methodology of the empirical analysis. The fourth part of this work presents the results and is followed by the conclusion in part five.

Download or read book Co Movement of Major Commodity Price Returns written by Francesca de Nicola and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the degree of co-movement among the nominal price returns of 11 major energy, agricultural and food commodities based on monthly data between 1970 and 2013. A uniform-spacings testing approach, a multivariate dynamic conditional correlation model and a rolling regression procedure are used to study the extent and the time-evolution of unconditional and conditional correlations. The results indicate that (i) the price returns of energy and agricultural commodities are highly correlated; (ii) the overall level of co-movement among commodities increased in recent years, especially between energy and agricultural commodities and in particular in the cases of maize and soybean oil, which are important inputs in the production of biofuels; and (iii) particularly after 2007, stock market volatility is positively associated with the co-movement of price returns across markets.