Download or read book Human Development Report 1990 written by United Nations Development Programme and published by Human Development Report. This book was released on 1990 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First in a series of annual reports, this volume is about people and about how development enlarges their choices--access to income, long life, knowledge, political freedom, personal security, community participation, and guaranteed human rights. It measures human development not by the yardstick of income alone, but by the human development index--reflecting life expectancy, literacy and command over resources to enjoy a decent standard of living. The report analyzes the record of human development for the last three decades and the experience of 14 countries in managing economic growth and human development. The volume concludes with human development indicators for more than 130 countries, both developing and developed. ISBN 0-19-306481-X (pbk.): $15.95.
Download or read book Annual Report written by United States. Congressional-Executive Commission on China and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Humanity Divided written by and published by UN. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report revisits the theoretical concepts of inequalities including their measurements, analyzes their global trends, presents the policy makers' perception of inequalities in 15 countries and identifies various policy options in combating this major development challenge of our time. The report makes the basic point that in spite of the impressive progress humanity has made on many fronts over the decades, it still remains deeply divided. In that context, it is intended to help development actors, citizens, and policy makers contribute to global dialogues and initiate conversations in their own countries about the drivers and extent of inequalities, their impact, and the ways in which they can be curbed.
Download or read book Arctic Human Development Report written by Joan Nymand Larsen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of the second volume of the AHDR – Arctic Human Development Report: Regional Processes and Global Linkages – are to provide an update to the first AHDR (2004) in terms of an assessment of the state of Arctic human development; to highlight the major trends and changes unfolding related to the various issues and thematic areas of human development in the Arctic over the past decade; and, based on this assessment, to identify policy relevant conclusions and key gaps in knowledge, new and emerging Arctic success stories. The production of AHDR-II on the tenth anniversary of the first AHDR makes it possible to move beyond the baseline assessment to make valuable comparisons and contrasts across a decade of persistent and rapid change in the North. It addresses critical issues and emerging challenges in Arctic living conditions, quality of life in the North, global change impacts and adaptation, and Indigenous livelihoods. The assessment contributes to our understanding of the interplay and consequences of physical and social change processes affecting Arctic residents’ quality of life, at both the regional and global scales. It shows that the Arctic is not a homogenous region. Impacts of globalization and environmental change differ within and between regions, between Indigenous and non-Indigenous northerners, between genders and along other axes.
Download or read book Pathways for Peace written by United Nations;World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.
Download or read book World Development Report 2019 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.
Download or read book China Human Development Report written by United Nations Development Programme and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the first National Human Development Report (NHDR) for China. Taking its cue from the 1997 global Human Development Report, a first attempt is made in this report to rank according to a Human Development Index the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. The theme of this report is poverty alleviation. The Report summarizes the history and current status of sustainable human development in China. It then looks at the outstanding challenges to be faced and makes a number of broad policy recommendations for tackling them. Because this is the first national HDR undertaken for China, it establishes a baseline for future efforts by discussing in detail a wide spectrum of development issues, including the distribution of income, health care, education and nutrition, population and migration, the status of women, employment, social, security provision, the state of the natural environment, and the reform of state enterprises. This dialogue between the UNDP and China will be especially conducive to all future exchanges between China and foreign experts on social, development. Anyone interested in China, in particular the international business community, will need this book to understand the current status and future prospects for human development among one fifth of the world's population.
Download or read book World Development Report 2017 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-01-23 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are carefully designed, sensible policies too often not adopted or implemented? When they are, why do they often fail to generate development outcomes such as security, growth, and equity? And why do some bad policies endure? World Development Report 2017: Governance and the Law addresses these fundamental questions, which are at the heart of development. Policy making and policy implementation do not occur in a vacuum. Rather, they take place in complex political and social settings, in which individuals and groups with unequal power interact within changing rules as they pursue conflicting interests. The process of these interactions is what this Report calls governance, and the space in which these interactions take place, the policy arena. The capacity of actors to commit and their willingness to cooperate and coordinate to achieve socially desirable goals are what matter for effectiveness. However, who bargains, who is excluded, and what barriers block entry to the policy arena determine the selection and implementation of policies and, consequently, their impact on development outcomes. Exclusion, capture, and clientelism are manifestations of power asymmetries that lead to failures to achieve security, growth, and equity. The distribution of power in society is partly determined by history. Yet, there is room for positive change. This Report reveals that governance can mitigate, even overcome, power asymmetries to bring about more effective policy interventions that achieve sustainable improvements in security, growth, and equity. This happens by shifting the incentives of those with power, reshaping their preferences in favor of good outcomes, and taking into account the interests of previously excluded participants. These changes can come about through bargains among elites and greater citizen engagement, as well as by international actors supporting rules that strengthen coalitions for reform.
Download or read book Economic Development at the Community Level written by Mark M. Miller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-22 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we create more economic opportunities in the low-income communities of the developing world? How can these communities build greater resilience against economic uncertainties, natural disasters, wars, and the growing threats of climate change? This book reviews the research literature of economic development in low-income communities of the developing world—from rural villages to neighborhoods in the largest cities on earth. This book is unique in gathering, organizing, and synthesizing research on economic development at the community level, across the developing world, drawing from multiple disciplines, publications, methodologies, regions, and countries. Part I provides an overview and context of the many challenges facing the developing world today, as well as the often-heated debates over what "development" is and how to make it happen. Part II reviews the extensive research literature in major fields of community economic development including education and human capital, overcoming the "curse of natural resources," entrepreneurship and micro-finance, tourism, and sustainability. The audience includes undergraduate students interested in development and sustainability, graduate students and other young researchers in a wide range of disciplines who are finding their own focuses, and established researchers who wish to expand their agendas. An expanded bibliography accompanies the book as a downloadable supplement.
Download or read book An East Asian Renaissance written by Indermit Singh Gill and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An East Asian Renaissance, by a World Bank team led by Chief Economist for East Asia & Pacific, Dr Homi Kharas and Economic Adviser, Dr Indermit Gill is the first comprehensive analysis of the new forces and challenges at play in the region since the Bank's seminal report of 1993, The East Asian Miracle. The report argues that regional flows of goods, finance and technology are helping even smaller East Asian countries reap the benefits of economies of scale and that this regional integration must be encouraged. But it also points out that these measures have to be supported by actions at the domestic level to ease the stresses and strains that rapid economic growth leaves in its wake. East Asia must now turn to the urgent domestic challenges of inequality, social cohesion, corruption and environmental degradation arising from its economic success.
Download or read book Poverty and Inequality among Chinese Minorities written by Ajit S. Bhalla and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of poor people in China is huge, despite recent economic advances. The minorities in China constitute less than ten per cent of the entire population, yet they represent forty to fifty per cent of the absolute poor. This compelling book investigates the problem of poverty and inequality in and among Chinese ethnic minorities, focusing in particular on two important questions: Have the minorities shared the fruits of spectacular economic growth in China during the past two decades? Is their backwardness due to ethnic and cultural factors or to extremely low incomes? The authors examine the different factors explaining poverty, the relationship between poverty and ethnicity, poverty indicators that permit a comparison between minorities and non-minorities (or the Han majority), economic and demographic characteristics of minorities and their educational, occupational and gender profiles. They consider whether special measures in favour of minorities introduced by the Chinese government have contributed to an improvement in their standard of living. Poverty and Inequality among Chinese Minorities gives original research findings and new thinking on a highly topical issue in Chinese development economics, and fills a gap in the existing economic literature.
Download or read book Challenging Inequities in Health written by Timothy Evans and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a unique view of global inequities in health status and health sytems. Emphasizing socioeconomic conditions, it combines chapters on conceptual and measurement issues with case studies from around the world.
Download or read book Environmental Management in a Low Carbon Economy written by Stephen Tinsley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each government recognises that there is a potential loss of competitive advantage of its business sector if future economic growth strategies are not aligned with a low carbon future. Some multinational organizations recognise this imperative and the importance of aligning business activities to a more sophisticated and flexible environmental management system that also incorporates quality, safety, occupational health and corporate ethics. An organisation’s Environmental Management System (EMS) has, traditionally, been designed to address legislative and regulatory requirements. It has now become a measure of an organisations attitude to balancing environmental, economic, cultural and social needs of its trading communities. By using real world case studies this text positions EMS as a core and critical management tool and a key requirement for businesses long term survival. It provides fundamental building blocks to implement an environmental management system and clearly illustrates how it can be positioned within an organization to deliver innovative products and services to compete in a low carbon economy. Environmental Management in a Low Carbon Economy will prepare students and professionals alike with the ability and understanding to implement an environmental management system which in turn will aid organizations in facilitating their transition to operate in a low carbon economy.
Download or read book China in 2020 written by Angang Hu and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2012-11-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Explains how China, as the world's largest emerging market, will impact global economic growth, FDI flows, energy consumption, climate change, and other arenas, with a proposed strategic framework that would guide the country's rise while maximizing positive impacts and minimizing any negative externalities"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Climate Change as a Security Risk written by Hans Joachim Schellnhuber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without resolute counteraction, climate change will overstretch many societies' adaptive capacities within the coming decades. This could result in destabilization and violence, jeopardizing national and international security to a new degree. However, climate change could also unite the international community. This is provided that we recognize climate change as a threat to humankind and so set the course for adopting a dynamic and globally coordinated climate policy. If we fail to do so, climate change will draw ever-deeper lines of division and conflict in international relations, triggering numerous conflicts between and within countries over the distribution of resources - especially water and land, and over the management of migration, or over compensation payments between the countries mainly responsible for climate change and those countries most affected by its destructive effects. With Climate Change as a Security Risk, WBGU has compiled a flagship report on an issue that quite rightly is rising rapidly up the international political agenda. The authors pull no punches on the likelihood of increasing tensions and conflicts in a climatically constrained world and spotlight places where possible conflicts may flare up in the 21st century unless climate change is checked. The report makes it clear that climate policy is preventative security policy.
Download or read book Climate Change as a Security Risk written by Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen (Germany) and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2009. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book China Urbanizes written by Shahid Yusuf and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key challenges facing China in the next two decades derive from the ongoing process of urbanization. China's urbanization rate in 2005 was about 43%. Over the next 10-15 years, it is expected to rise to well over 50%, adding an additional 200 million mainly rural migrants to the current urban population of 560 million. How China copes with such a large migration flow will strongly influence rural-urban inequality, the pace at which urban centers expand their economic performance, and the urban environment. The growing population will necessitate a big push strategy to maintain a high rate of investment in housing and the urban physical infrastructure and urban services. To finance such expansion will require a significant strengthening and diversification of China's financial system. Growing cities will greatly increase consumption of energy and water. Containing this without at the same time constraining the economic performance of cities or the improvement in the standards of living will call for enlightened policies, strategies, careful urban planning, and significant technological advances. This volume identifies the key developments to watch and discusses the policies which would affect the course as well as the fruitfulness of change.
