Download or read book The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult written by Helmut Greim and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genotoxic carcinogens can lead to DNA mutations with the potential to cause cancer. Typically, a series of mutation events are needed before malignancy occurs so a single, small exposure may not result in disease. Also, cells have an armoury of defence mechanisms which, to a degree, counter the effects of mutagens. Distinguishing the point at which exposure to a carcinogen increases mutation rates beyond the background level is challenging. In fact, there is now general agreement that, for genotoxic carcinogens, no specific threshold can be identified. However, NOAELs (No Observed Adverse Effect Levels) may be used in the process of establishing a dose-response relationship. These denote the level of exposure at which there is no significant increase in adverse effects in the exposed population when compared to an appropriate control. Such a scientifically defendable threshold allows us to propose health based exposure limits for genotoxic carcinogens. This book describes the various cellular defence mechanisms individually and explains how they are regulated. The processes covered include metabolic inactivation, epigenetic regulation, scavenging mechanisms, DNA-repair and apoptosis. It also considers dose-dependent threshold mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the rate limiting parameters. Aimed at graduate level and above, the book discusses the consequences of genotoxic evaluation and urges readers to question the idea that even low exposures present a cancer risk.

Download or read book The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult written by Helmut Greim and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genotoxic carcinogens can lead to DNA mutations with the potential to cause cancer. Typically, a series of mutation events are needed before malignancy occurs so a single, small exposure may not result in disease. Also, cells have an armoury of defence mechanisms which, to a degree, counter the effects of mutagens. Distinguishing the point at which exposure to a carcinogen increases mutation rates beyond the background level is challenging. In fact, there is now general agreement that, for genotoxic carcinogens, no specific threshold can be identified. However, NOAELs (No Observed Adverse Effect Levels) may be used in the process of establishing a dose-response relationship. These denote the level of exposure at which there is no significant increase in adverse effects in the exposed population when compared to an appropriate control. Such a scientifically defendable threshold allows us to propose health based exposure limits for genotoxic carcinogens. This book describes the various cellular defence mechanisms individually and explains how they are regulated. The processes covered include metabolic inactivation, epigenetic regulation, scavenging mechanisms, DNA-repair and apoptosis. It also considers dose-dependent threshold mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the rate limiting parameters. Aimed at graduate level and above, the book discusses the consequences of genotoxic evaluation and urges readers to question the idea that even low exposures present a cancer risk.

Download or read book Cancer Risk Assessment written by Peter G. Shields and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-24 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The assessment of cancer risk is a complex process that requires the examination of etiological agents, real-world environments, and individual rates of exposure. This reference offers practical approaches to determine cancer risk in individuals, groups of exposed persons, and the general public in relation to individual genetic and acquired suscep

Download or read book Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens written by Takehiko Nohmi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation brings together current opinion and research activities from Japan, the US, and Europe on the subject of genotoxic thresholds. In regulation, it is an adage that genotoxic carcinogens have no thresholds for action, and that they impose cancer risk on humans even at very low levels. This policy is frequently called into question as humans possess a number of defense mechanisms including detoxication, DNA repair, and apoptosis, meaning there is a threshold at which these genotoxic carcinogens take action. The book examines these potential thresholds, describing the potential cancer risks of daily low-level exposure, the mechanisms involved (such as DNA repair, detoxication, translesion DNA synthesis), chemical and statistical methods of analysis, and the ways in which these may be utilized to inform policy. Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation is an essential reference for any professional researchers in genetic toxicology and those involved in toxicological regulation. - Unites an international team of experts to provide a balanced overview of the current opinion on thresholds of genotoxic carcinogens - Provides all the information readers need to determine a safe threshold for potential genotoxic carcinogens - Includes information on the mechanisms of genotoxic carcinogens and how these can inform regulation - Serves as an essential reference for any professional researchers in genetic toxicology and those involved in toxicological regulation

Download or read book Human Stem Cell Toxicology written by James L Sherley and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicity against tissue stem cells (TSCs) is a major problem in drug development and environmental health science. Despite their essential function in all human cellular tissues, the nature of tissue stem cells is not fully understood. The small fraction of stem cells in tissues and the lack of specific biomarkers for their quantification present a formidable challenge to developing tools for their study and assays that can identify stem cell-toxic agents. Human Stem Cell Toxicology reveals TSC toxicity as a biomedical reality that is now well under siege by newly emerging ideas and technologies, despite these challenges. Chapters consider stem cell toxicity by environmental agents, pharmaceutical drug candidates, and marketed therapeutic medicines with adverse side effects. New insights to cellular, molecular, biochemical, and chemical mechanisms of human tissue stem cell toxicity are brought together. Experimental and theoretical treatments are of specific topics, including approaches to monitoring TSC function, newly discovered TSC types and TSC toxicity resistance mechanisms, are covered by expert authors. This book informs and champions the continued development of innovative technologies to predict the TSC toxicity of compounds before their use, whether in patients or the environment, by addressing emerging new cell-based approaches and concepts for technical innovation. This publication will be a useful reference for postgraduate students and researchers working in toxicology, pharmaceutical science, tissue cell biology and stem cell biology.

Download or read book Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy written by Bruce A. Chabner and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2011-12-07 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated to include the newest drugs and those currently in development, this Fifth Edition is a comprehensive reference on the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of anticancer agents. Organized by drug class, the book provides the latest information on all drugs and biological agents—their mechanisms of action, interactions with other agents, toxicities, side effects, and mechanisms of resistance. The authors explain the rationale for use of drugs in specific schedules and combinations and offer guidelines for dose adjustment in particular situations. This edition's introduction includes timely information on general strategies for drug usage, the science of drug discovery and development, economic and regulatory aspects of cancer drug development, and principles of pharmacokinetics. Eight new chapters have been added and more than twenty have been significantly revised. A companion website includes the fully searchable text and an image bank.

Download or read book Fundamentals for the Assessment of Risks from Environmental Radiation written by Christa Baumstark-Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human health as well as aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are threatened from increa sing levels of environmental radiation of various sources, many of them of anthropoge nic causality: large areas of the former Soviet Union suffer from radioactive pollution, in particular after the Chemobyl accident; the increase in the incidence of UVB radiati on at the Earth's surface as a result of a progressive depletion of stratospheric ozone is a global problem that requires international concerted actions; in areas of former uranium mining the natural radiation level is substantially increased due to elevated radon levels; a growing portion of the population involved in air traffic is exposed to increased levels of natural radiation; and with the International Space Station an increasing number of astronauts will be exposed to the complex field of cosmic radiation. To estimate the corresponding risks, a better knowledge of the underlying radiobiological mechanisms at the molecular, cellular and system level is required. This book is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to discuss the current state of knowledge of the fundamental processes that result from interactions of environmental radiation -ionizing as well as UV radiation -with living matter and the existing radiati on protection concepts, and then to define future research work needed as fundamental information for the assessment of risks from increased levels of environmental radiation to human health and ecosystem balance. It comprises the key lectures and statements presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop.

Download or read book Induced Effects Of Genotoxic Agents In Eukaryotic Cells written by Toby G Rossman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-09-21 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an understanding of the consequences of induced proteins in the toxicological response of cells to chemical and radiation damage to DNA and will be helpful in creating proper mathematical models for extrapolation to low doses and assessing human exposure or cellular injury.

Download or read book OMICS written by Debmalya Barh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of new technologies and acquired knowledge, the number of fields in omics and their applications in diverse areas are rapidly increasing in the postgenomics era. Such emerging fields—including pharmacogenomics, toxicogenomics, regulomics, spliceomics, metagenomics, and environomics—present budding solutions to combat global challenges in biomedicine, agriculture, and the environment. OMICS: Applications in Biomedical, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences provides valuable insights into the applications of modern omics technologies to real-world problems in the life sciences. Filling a gap in the literature, it offers a broad, multidisciplinary view of current and emerging applications of omics in a single volume. Written by highly experienced active researchers, each chapter describes a particular area of omics and the associated technologies and applications. Topics covered include: Proteomics, epigenomics, and pharmacogenomics Toxicogenomics and the assessment of environmental pollutants Applications of plant metabolomics Nutrigenomics and its therapeutic applications Microalgal omics and omics approaches in biofuel production Next-generation sequencing and omics technology for transgenic plant analysis Omics approaches in crop improvement Engineering dark-operative chlorophyll synthesis Computational regulomics Omics techniques for the analysis of RNA splicing New fields, including metagenomics, glycomics, and miRNA Breast cancer biomarkers for early detection Environomics strategies for environmental sustainability This timely book explores a wide range of omics application areas in the biomedical, agricultural, and environmental sciences. Throughout, it highlights working solutions as well as open problems and future challenges. Demonstrating the diversity of omics, it introduces readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends in omics-driven research.

Download or read book Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by Helmut Greim and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a complete understanding of how our bodies respond to toxicants, and the principles used to assess the health risks of specific exposure scenarios Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition reflects recent advances in science and technology, and provides the scientific background and methodological issues to enable the reader to understand the basic principles in toxicology and to evaluate the health risks of specific exposure scenarios. Completely updated with the latest information, this book offers a concise introduction to the subject. It is divided into five sections: Principles in Toxicology, Organ Toxicology, Methods in Toxicology, Regulatory Toxicology, and Specific Toxicity. The 2nd Edition adds new chapters that cover recent scientific and technological advances and current topics including the endocrine system, alternatives to animal testing, risk assessment and thresholds for carcinogens, European and international regulation, nanomaterials, fuels, fragrances, and agrochemicals. Concentrates on the basic concepts of toxicology and provides sufficient information for the reader to become familiar with them in order to understand the principles and to evaluate the risks at given exposures 30% new chapters cover recent scientific and technological advances including alternatives to animal testing; genotoxic carcinogens; REACH regulations; nanomaterials; fuels; fragrances; PAHs; and agrochemicals Written by a team of international specialists, and edited by two outstanding scientists in the field Fully updated and expanded, Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition is an essential text for any student or researcher with an interest in toxicology and related risk assessments.

Download or read book Insight on Genotoxicity written by Shiv Shankar Shukla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic toxicology is considered to be an important assessment tool as there is genetic impact of artificial chemicals. Insight on Genotoxicity discusses testing, mechanism, prediction, and bioindicator of genotoxicity taking into consideration recent advances in nano-engineered particles. Corollary of DNA dent is also discussed in detail taking into consideration the impact of ICH guidelines on genotoxicity testing, which is important for drug discovery innovation and development. Perspective review of genotoxicity evaluation in phytopharmaceuticals has been mentioned along with the prevention of genotoxicity in brief viewpoint. Salient Features Presents methods, standard protocols, and guidelines for genotoxicity testing Examines the impact of ICH Guidelines on genetic toxicity testing which is a regulatory requirement for drug discovery and development Defines appropriate strategies about advances in in vivo genotoxicity testing which have been listed along with progress and prospects Discusses advancement in the high-throughput approaches for genotoxicity testing Details computational prediction of genotoxicity with consideration of mutagenicity, chromosomal damage caused and strategies for computational prediction in drug development

Download or read book The FOS and JUN Families of Transcription Factors written by Peter E. Angel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-09-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and analyzes the crucial role of AP-1 in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. AP-1 is the endpoint of several pathways of signal transduction, including one that triggers cancerous growth. The control of its activity is an issue of basic science, cancer therapy, and other diseases. The chapters provide multiple viewpoints of the emerging data on AP-1, including its role as a factor regulating genes involved in the metastatic properties of cancer, as a factor that interacts with viral gene products, and as a part of the mechanism by which steroid and retinoic acid receptors function as anti-inflammatory proteins.

Download or read book New Insights into Toxicity and Drug Testing written by Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-01-23 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book "New Insights into Toxicity and Drug Testing" covers all emerging technologies (profiling technologies, 3D cultures, next generation sequencing etc.), available methods and models to evaluate candidate drugs and medicinal plants with reference to toxicity, drug testing and development. This book is an original contribution of experts from different parts of the globe and the in-depth information will be a significant resource for scientists and physicians who are directly dealing with drugs / medicines and human life.

Download or read book Hayes Principles and Methods of Toxicology written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 2141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable reference to the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new sixth edition has been revised and updated while maintaining the same high standards that have made this volume a benchmark resource in the field. With new authors and new chap

Download or read book Cancer Chemotherapy Immunotherapy and Biotherapy written by Bruce A. Chabner and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 1864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Thoroughly revised and reformatted, the sixth edition of Cancer Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy and Biotherapy reflects recent significant changes in cancer treatment. This newly streamlined edition contains full-color illustrations, more tables for quick reference, and new immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy content that brings you fully up to date with the state of the art in all current cancer therapies.

Download or read book Male mediated Developmental Toxicity written by Diana Anderson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2024-07-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germ cells have a unique and critical role as the conduit for hereditary information. The issue of male germline mutagenesis and the effects on developmental defects in the next generation has become increasingly high profile in recent years. Understanding the mechanisms by which the germline is induced and maintained is one of the effective ways to treat infertility and cancer. Male-mediated Developmental Toxicity discusses these issues and provides analysis of the fundamental mechanisms of mutations covering both clinical and experimental aspects. It helps clarify the data explaining how genotoxicity involves multiple modes of action and highlights novel models and assays being used to assess germ cell genotoxicity. With a clear focus on the various mechanisms that could impact human health, this book is for postgraduate students and researchers in reproductive and developmental toxicology as well as those with an interest in the fields of genetically inherited diseases, developmental biology and, potentially, those with a more clinical background.

Download or read book Information Resources in Toxicology Volume 2 The Global Arena written by Steve Gilbert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new fifth edition of Information Resources in Toxicology offers a consolidated entry portal for the study, research, and practice of toxicology. Both volumes represents a unique, wide-ranging, curated, international, annotated bibliography, and directory of major resources in toxicology and allied fields such as environmental and occupational health, chemical safety, and risk assessment. The editors and authors are among the leaders of the profession sharing their cumulative wisdom in toxicology's subdisciplines. This edition keeps pace with the digital world in directing and linking readers to relevant websites and other online tools.Due to the increasing size of the hardcopy publication, the current edition has been divided into two volumes to make it easier to handle and consult. Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools, arranged in 5 parts, begins with chapters on the science of toxicology, its history, and informatics framework in Part 1. Part 2 continues with chapters organized by more specific subject such as cancer, clinical toxicology, genetic toxicology, etc. The categorization of chapters by resource format, for example, journals and newsletters, technical reports, organizations constitutes Part 3. Part 4 further considers toxicology's presence via the Internet, databases, and software tools. Among the miscellaneous topics in the concluding Part 5 are laws and regulations, professional education, grants and funding, and patents. Volume 2: The Global Arena offers contributed chapters focusing on the toxicology contributions of over 40 countries, followed by a glossary of toxicological terms and an appendix of popular quotations related to the field.The book, offered in both print and electronic formats, is carefully structured, indexed, and cross-referenced to enable users to easily find answers to their questions or serendipitously locate useful knowledge they were not originally aware they needed. Among the many timely topics receiving increased emphasis are disaster preparedness, nanotechnology, -omics, risk assessment, societal implications such as ethics and the precautionary principle, climate change, and children's environmental health. - Opens with an overview of the international toxicology scene, organizations and activities involved with both the science and regulatory framework, and a specific look at the European Union's efforts - Offers an extensive collection of chapters covering over 40 countries and their toxicological infrastructure which includes listings of major books and journals, organizations, professional societies, universities, poison control centers, legislation, and online databases - Provides the Second Edition of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology, a carefully constructed and peer reviewed collation of critical terms in the science - Concludes with a potpourri of quotes concerning toxicology and their use in the arts and popular culture - Paired with Volume One, which offers chapters on a host of toxicology sub-disciplines, this set offers the most comprehensive compendium of print, digital, and organizational resources in the toxicological sciences with over120 chapters contributions by experts and leaders in the field