Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BSE Inquiry was set up to: establish and review the history of the emergence and identification of BSE and variant CJD in the United Kingdom, and of the action taken in response to it up to 20 March 1996; reach conclusions on the adequacy of that response, taking into account the state of knowledge at the time; and to report on these matters to the Government. This executive summary presents the overview of the key findings and conclusions. BSE developed into an epidemic as a consequence of an intensive farming practice - the recycling of animal protein in ruminant feed. The report states that in the years up to March 1996 most of those responsible for responding to the challenge posed by BSE emerge with credit. However, there were a number of shortcomings in the way things were done. The Government took measures to address both the hazard to animal health and human health, but these were not always timely nor adequately implemented and enforced. The Inquiry found that the rigour with which policy measures were implemented for the protection of human health was affected by the belief of many prior to early 1996 that BSE was not a potential threat to human life. The Government was anxious to act in the best interests of human and animal health. To this end it sought and followed the advice of independent scientific experts - sometimes when decisions could have been reached more swiftly and satisfactorily within government. At times officials showed a lack of rigour in considering how policy should be turned into practice, to the detriment of the efficacy of the measures taken, and on occasion the bureaucratic processes resulted in unacceptable delay in giving effect to policy. The report demonstrates that the Government introduced measures to guard against the risk that BSE might be a matter of life and death not merely for cattle but also for humans, but the possibility of a risk to humans was not communicated to the public or to those whose job it was to implement and enforce the precautionary measures. The Inquiry concludes that the Government did not lie to the public about BSE. It believed that the risks posed by BSE to humans were remote. The Government was preoccupied with preventing an alarmist over-reaction to BSE because it believed that the risk was remote. It is stated that the campaign of reassurance was a mistake. When on 20 March 1996 the Government announced that BSE had probably been transmitted to humans, the public felt that they had been betrayed. Confidence in government pronouncements about risk was a further casualty of BSE. Cases of a new variant of CJD (vCJD) were identified by the CJD Surveillance Unit and the conclusion that they were probably linked to BSE was reached as early as was reasonably possible. The link between BSE and vCJD is now clearly established, though the manner of infection is not clear. This volume is accompanied by a CD ROM which contains the Inquiry's full report.

Download or read book Human BSE written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rethinking the BSE Crisis written by Louise Cummings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-09 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1986, the emergence of a novel brain disease in British cattle presented a unique challenge to scientists. How that challenge was addressed has been the subject of a public inquiry and numerous academic studies conducted to date. However, none of these investigations has sought to examine the reasoning of scientists during this critical period in the public health of the UK. Using concepts and techniques in informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory, this study reconstructs and evaluates the reasoning of scientists in the ten-year period between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, a form of presumptive reasoning is described in which extensive use is made of arguments traditionally identified as informal fallacies. In the context of the adverse epistemic conditions that confronted scientists during the BSE epidemic, these arguments were anything but fallacious, serving instead to confer a number of epistemic gains upon scientific inquiry. This book argues for a closer integration of philosophy with public health science, an integration that is exemplified by the case of scientific reasoning during the BSE affair. It will therefore be of interest to advanced students, academics, researchers and professionals in the areas of public health science and epidemiology, as well as philosophical disciplines such as informal logic, argumentation and fallacy theory and epistemology.

Download or read book Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is concerned with the implications that BSE had for human health. It covers the period from February 1989 to 20th March 1996 when the announcement of a probable link between BSE and a new variant of CJD (vCJD) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) was made. The policy of slaughter and compensation of BSE-infected cattle, the primary aim of which was to address the risk that BSE might be transmissible to humans, is looked at from the earlier date of August 1988. Of particular interest is the question of whether there was universal compliance with the obligation to give notification of any animals showing symptoms of BSE.This volume is largely concerned with the risk of transmission via the food chain although it also considers occupational risk, the risk posed to schoolchildren who dissected bovine eyeballs and the implications for human health of the disposal of bovine waste generated by the cattle compulsorily slaughtered and by the banning of Specified Bovine Offal (SBO). Other significant pathways are dealt with in volume 7, 'Medicines and cosmetics'.The advice of the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) which related to public health is considered in this report. The diagnosis of CJD in younger people, the media reaction to these cases and the official responses are also examined.Chapter 7 covers the final period and describes the consideration given by the CJD Surveillance Unit and SEAC to the growing number of cases of CJD in young victims, leading to the conclusion that these were suffering from a new variant of CJD that was probably transmitted from BSE. It examines when officials and Ministers in MAFF and DH first appreciated that this was a possibility and whether they reacted soon enough. The consideration taken by Government as to what action to take and the decision that was reached and announced to Parliament on 20 March 1996 is recorded.

Download or read book BSE written by Patrick Van Zwanenberg and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an analysis of the BSE crisis and how policy-making processes were managed, and of how and why they culminated in catastrophic failure.

Download or read book The Interim Response to the Report of the BSE Inquiry written by Great Britain and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Response to the Report of the BSE Inquiry written by Great Britain. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Health Hazards and Public Debate written by Carlos Dora and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is based on research into the strategies used to communicate information to the public about the risks of BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) and CJD (Creutzfeldt Jakob disease) in four European countries (the UK, Germany, Italy and Finland) between 1985 and 2000, through political means and health information systems as well as through mass media reporting of the issue. It considers the lessons to be learned from the BSE/CJD crisis, given the need for timely and effective communication on real and perceived risks in such situations, both to prevent and to respond to food and environmental health scares. The book approaches the debate about effective risk communication as an evolving and interactive process between decision makers and their publics, and emphasises the importance of creating mechanisms for interaction at all stages of policy-making. Using a range of qualitative and quantitative methods, the research also looks at the way people construct their perceptions about risk and how they make decisions on risk avoidance.

Download or read book After BSE A Future for the European Livestock Sector written by E.P. Cunningham and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The BSE epidemic which began in Britain in 1986 plunged the European livestock sector into its largest peacetime crisis in 100 years. Though the epidemic is drawing to a close, the technical and economic impact will continue. Consumer confidence in the integrity of the food chain has been severely damaged.Government agencies and controls have been discredited. Much has been done to correct the deficiencies that led to the crisis. Much remains to be done. Against this background, EAAP commissioned a group of fourteen experts to review the causes and consequences of the crisis. They were asked to place it in the context of the many factors that are forcing the pace of change in the livestock production sector, and in the food chain which it serves. Based on these analyses, they were charged with mapping the future options for the industry. This book begins with the BSE epidemic. Present knowledge on its origin and spread are briefly and authoritatively reviewed; original analyses of its economic impact are presented; the management of risk and public information is reviewed; containment measures are documented, and the difficult question of meat and bone meal is fully discussed. The concurrent challenges facing the industry are then analyzed. These include: the changing requirements of consumers; the growing concentration of economic power in food retailing and processing; the evolving economic structure of livestock farming in the EU 15; the questions of scale and competitiveness, and of intensification and nutrient overloading; the impact of changing EU policies, of globalization, and of integrating ten million farmers from new EU countries. Discussion of future options begins with two stakeholder analyses - one based on economic, the other on ethical considerations. The requirements for transparency, accountability, traceability, and consumer assurance are discussed, as are the place for regional, special quality and organic products, and the contribution of science. A final Conclusions section presents ideas on how the European livestock sector can respond to the expectations of its customers and of producers themselves."

Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by BSE Inquiry and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Who s in Charge written by Laura H. Kahn and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a new preface assessing leadership responses to the coronavirus pandemic, this text explores leadership problems that can develop during such public health crises as the 2001 anthrax attacks, 2003 SARS epidemic, and Mad Cow Disease epidemic of the 1980s–1990s. A threat to public health, such as a rampaging virus, is no time for a muddled chain of command and contradictory decision-making. Who's In Charge? Leadership during Epidemics, Bioterror Attacks, and Other Public Health Crises, re-issued with a new preface assessing leadership during the COVID-19 outbreak, explores the crucial relationships among political leaders, public health officials, and journalists to see why leadership confusion develops. As the problematic response to COVID-19 has once again shown, the reluctance of politicians to risk alarm can run counter to the public health need to prepare for worse cases. Many leaders will seek high visibility during a public health crisis, but politicians are not medical experts, and the more they speak, the more they risk disseminating harmful information. How to achieve the right balance is the essence of this book. Beginning by looking at the overarching issues of leadership and public health administration, it then examines in depth five emergencies: the 2001 anthrax attacks, the 1993 cryptosporidium outbreaks, the 2003 SARS outbreak, the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease crisis, and the battle against Mad Cow Disease.

Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Nicholas Addison Phillips Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Lord Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at the role of the independent scientists in the BSE story. This includes the official committees and those who challenged the information being given to the public by the Government on the causes of BSE and the risks that it poses to human health.

Download or read book The BSE Inquiry written by Nicholas Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: