Download or read book The Borrower s Choice of Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgages in the Presence of Nominal and Real Shocks written by Laacute;szloacute Szerb and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper concerns the conditions under which borrowers select fixed and adjustable rate mortgages. The novelty of the paper lies in its capability to analyze the effect of nominal and real shocks separately. The fixed rate mortgage (FRM) versus the adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) choice is determined by the expected real interest rate differential, initial wealth, income, expected real and nominal income risk exposure measured by different parameters the value of the house, the appreciation of the house and the influence of the variance of nominal and real shocks. Results differ according to whether or not borrowers are restricted by the loan-to-value constraint.
Download or read book Factors Affecting Borrower Choice Between the Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgages written by Mark Christopher Lino and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Borrowers Choice Between Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgages written by László Szerb and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Consumer Mortgage Choice Between Fixed rate Mortgages and Adjustable rate Mortgages written by Hsiu-Wen Wu and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Simulation Approach to the Choice between Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgages written by William K. Templeton and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortgage borrowers appear to have a difficult time evaluating the costs and risks associated with the choice between a fixed rate mortgage and an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM). This study uses a simulation approach to model the choice. We represent the risk of the ARM with distributions of present value cost differentials for a variety of mortgage life periods. We provide insight on the financial planning aspect by modeling the impact of mortgage rate changes on the size of payments for ARMs. Simulation can yield non-intuitive results that may lead to better decision making by borrowers.
Download or read book Optimal Contract Choice Decision in the Presence of Pay Option Adjustable Rate Mortgage and the Balloon Mortgage written by Yao-Min Chiang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unprecedented run-up in global house prices of the 2000s was preceded by a revolution in U.S. mortgage markets in which borrowers faced a plethora of mortgages to choose from collectively known as nontraditional mortgages (NTMs), whose poor performance helped ignite the global financial crisis in 2007. This paper studies the choice of mortgage contracts in an expanded framework where the menu of contracts includes the pay option adjustable rate mortgage (PO-ARM), and the balloon mortgage (BM), alongside the traditional long horizon fixed rate mortgage (FRM) and the short horizon regular ARM. The inclusion of the PO-ARM is based on the fact it is the most controversial and perhaps the riskiest of the NTMs, whereas the BM has not been analyzed in the literature despite its different risk-sharing arrangement and long vintage. Our inclusive model relates the structural differences of these contracts to the horizon risk management problems and affordability constraints faced by the households that differ in terms of expected mobility. The numerical solutions of the model generates a number of interesting results suggesting that households select mortgage contracts to match their horizon, manage horizon risk and mitigate liquidity or affordability constraints they face. From a risk management and welfare perspectives, we find that e optimal contract for households with shorter horizons, specifically households who expect to move house once every one to two years, is the PO-ARM. Beyond 2 years the welfare advantage of the PO-ARM diminishes and BM becomes the more optimal contract up to 5-year horizon. Overall, the results suggest that households are neither as risk averse as the selection of the FRM would suggest, nor are they was risk-seeking as the selection of PO-ARM or regular ARM would suggest. The results also suggest that the exuberance demonstrated for NTMs by borrowers, especially PO-ARMs, may be both rational and irrational.
Download or read book Housing Financing Behavior written by Hsiu-Wen Wu and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Choosing between Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgages written by Upinder Dhillon and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reports on the determinants of the ARM choice for commercial real estate projects. The theoretical literature suggests that commercial real estate projects are more likely to be financed with an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) if the project's income stream or value is expected to rise with inflation over time. The empirical model estimated is a structural probit probability model of the ARM choice. Our results demonstrate that commercial borrowers typically place great emphasis on relative interest rate differentials when deciding which mortgage is best. We also find that commercial mortgage borrowers will ordinarily be reluctant to issue an ARM when the fixed interest rate is low.
Download or read book Choosing Between Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgages written by Monica Paiella and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the determinants of households' choice between fixed rate (FRM) and adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) contracts, using the Bank of Italy's Survey of Household Income and Wealth. Contrary to the predictions of the theoretical literature, the analysis shows that most household characteristics proxying for exposure to other, non-mortgage-related risks and for individual risk aversion are irrelevant for the choice. This, in turn, crucially depends on the relative price of the mortgages and on whether the household is liquidity constrained. Liquidity constrained households find ARMs particularly attractive because their initial payments are generally lowest. This is so despite some evidence that the premium that lenders charge over their cost of funds is substantially higher on ARMs than on FRMs. Taken together, the evidence suggests that ARM holders do not fully take into account the risk of a rise of the reference interest rates. On the other hand, lenders price quite expensively this risk and borrowers end up paying a high price for the benefit of low initial payments.
Download or read book Factors Affecting Borrower Choice Between the Fixed and Adjustable Rate Mortgage written by Mark Christopher Lino and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Mortgage Instruments written by David L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fixed Rate Mortgages and Adjustable Rate Mortgages written by Price Waterhouse (Firm) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Mortgage Instruments Research Study written by United States. Federal Home Loan Bank Board and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adjustable and Fixed Rate Mortgages as a Screening Mechanism for Default Risk written by Lisa Lipowski Posey and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies how borrowers with different levels of default risk would self-select between Fixed Rate Mortgages (FRMs) and Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARMs). We show that under asymmetric information, where the risk type of a borrower is private information to the borrower and not known by the lender, the unique equilibrium may be a separating equilibrium in which the high-risk (low-risk) borrowers choose ARMs (FRM's). Thus, the borrower's mortgage choice will serve as a signal of default risk, enabling lenders to screen high-risk and low-risk borrowers. It is possible for the separating equilibrium to yield positive economic profits for lenders in a competitive market. It is also possible to have a unique pooling equilibrium where all borrowers choose either FRMs or ARMs. The model implies that an increase in the proportion of high risks will increase the likelihood of a separating equilibrium where both mortgage types are offered. Also a uniform downward shift in the expected change in the interest rate or an increase in borrowers' current or future incomes make ARMs more attractive for both types of borrowers.
Download or read book Rational Mortgage Valuation Using Optimal Refinancing Strategies and Heterogeneous Borrowers written by John Patrick Harding and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Economic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variable Versus Fixed Rate Mortgages and Optimal Monetary Policy written by Jack Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall aim of the research presented in this thesis is threefold: To empirically examine monetary transmission to UK retail mortgage rates; to examine why fixed versus variable rate mortgage lending differs across EU-15 countries; and to build a DSGE model which can be used for analysing optimal monetary policy in economies with different proportions of fixed or variable rate mortgage contracts. Chapter 2 investigates the transmission from UK policy and a range of wholesale money market rates to retail mortgage rates using a single-equation error correction model (SEECM) framework, from 1995 to 2009. The results add to previous studies by showing that the UK retail banking sector is imperfectly competitive at the aggregate level. More specifically, discounted rates, and to a lesser extent fixed rates behave competitively, whilst standard variable rates do not, which can be interpreted as evidence of exploitation of inert borrower behaviour. A snap-shot of the relative levels of variable rate lending across EU-15 countries is taken in the next Chapter 3, illustrating general cross-country differences. Risk simulations show that economies more conducive to variable rate mortgages include those with relatively volatile, persistent, and low inflation; low and stable real interest rates; high real income growth; and low correlation between inflation and real interest rate shocks. Regressions show that macroeconomic histories may indeed be important determinants of variable rate mortgage prevalence. The final Chapter 4 integrates a quantity optimising banking sector that lends under either a fixed or variable rate, into a model with borrowing constrained households. This provides a framework that can be used to investigate relationships between the structure of debt contracts and monetary policy. In particular, the propagation of a productivity shock in the non-durable sector under Ramsey monetary policy is presented, and it is demonstrated that the introduction of overlapping debt contracts tempers the effect of the financial multiplier. An appropriate design of the composition of fixed versus variable rate debt contracts, both their length and interest rate composition, could therefore reduce the volatility of key economic variables, and so there are important policy implications.
