Download or read book The Attentional Boost Effect and Related Phenomena New insights Into the Relation Between Attention and Memory written by Clelia Rossi-Arnaud and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-21 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of the Attentional Boost Effect on Encoding False Facts in Young Adults written by Kelly Ann Kronemeyer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to further examine the attentional boost effect (ABE) to determine whether target detection during encoding under divided attention (DA) could increase incorrect responses to general knowledge questions. We created a condition in which participants studied a list of words and were then asked general knowledge questions. This resulted in competition between their memories of the studied words (episodic memory) and their knowledge of non-context specific facts (semantic memory). The study included an encoding phase with target-paired and distractor-paired words followed by one of two tests. Participants in the full attention (FA) group were told to study the words but ignore targets and distractors, but participants in the divided attention (DA) group studied words and additionally clicked on the screen when they saw a target while ignoring distractors. Half of the participants in each group completed a cued recall test in which they were asked to recall the words they had seen. The other half of the participants completed a general knowledge test in which they were asked to answer general knowledge questions. Both procedures yielded significant results, one of which being a replication of previous significant findings using verbal materials, in that target-paired words were recalled better than distractor-paired words under DA but not FA. Furthermore, we found a significant novel effect of the ABE in that target-paired words studied under DA were given as incorrect answers to general knowledge questions at a rate higher than that of FA. This finding suggests that semantic and episodic memory interfered with one another in the general knowledge condition and caused higher error rates to occur. This novel finding indicates that the mechanisms of the ABE can cause a conflict between different forms of long term memory. Not only does this add to the growing body of research about the ABE, but provides vital insights into its function, including the risk of increasing errors.
Download or read book Visual Attention Related Processing written by Andrea Tales and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual attention is essential for environmental interactions, but our ability to respond to stimuli gradually declines across the lifespan, and such deficits are even more pronounced in various states of cognitive impairment. Examining the integrity of related components, from elements of attention capture to executive control, will improve our understanding of related declines by helping to explain behavioural and neural effects, which will ultimately contribute towards our knowledge of the extent of dysfunctional attention processes and their impact upon everyday life. Accordingly, this Special Issue represents a body of literature that fundamentally advances insights into visual attention processing, featuring studies spanning healthy ageing, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia
Download or read book New Insights in the Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention written by Tetsuo Kida and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-11 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submission closed. Guidelines We are now entering the third decade of the 21st Century, and, especially in the last years, the achievements made by scientists have been exceptional, leading to significant advancements in the fast-growing field of Cognitive Neuroscience. Frontiers have organized a series of Research Topics to highlight the latest advancements in research across the field of Cognitive Neuroscience. This editorial initiative of relevance, led by Dr. Kida, Associate Editor of the Cognitive Neuroscience section, together with Dr. Okamoto, Associate Editor of both the Brain-Imaging and Sensory Neuroscience sections, is focused on new insights, novel developments, current challenges, latest discoveries, recent advances, and future perspectives in the field of the Cognitive Neuroscience of attention.
Download or read book Attention and Memory written by G. Underwood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written specifically for students of experimental psychology, this book focuses on attention and memory, and attempts to inegrate these two closely related phenomena. In addition to the concepts of short term and long term memory there has been added the system of immediate or sensory memory. In the description of the representation of knowledge by human memory the author has necessarily drawn conclusions about optimal presentation and retrieval procedures, which should be transferable to non-laboratory situations where information processing is presently inadequate. The present approach attempts to keep in perspective the functions of attention and memory that the proponents of model building techniques have tended to overlook in their investigations. A new and fresh contribution to a growing area of research and teaching interest
Download or read book Attention written by Addie Johnson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2004 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention: Theory and Practice provides a balance between a readable overview of attention and an emphasis on how theories and paradigms for the study of attention have developed. The book highlights the important issues and major findings while giving sufficient details of experimental studies, models, and theories so that results and conclusions are easy to follow and evaluate. Rather than brushing over tricky technical details, the authors explain them clearly, giving readers the benefit of understanding the motivation for and techniques of the experiments in order to allow readers to think through results, models, and theories for themselves. Attention is an accessible text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, as well as an important resource for researchers and practitioners interested in gaining an overview of the field of attention.
Download or read book Attention and Memory written by Nelson Cowan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-01-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention and Memory brings together and assesses past and present research on information processing, to formulate a model of this entire system.
Download or read book Attention predictions and expectations and their violation attentional control in the human brain written by Simone Vossel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the burdened scenes of everyday life, our brains must select from among many competing inputs for perceptual synthesis - so that only the most relevant receive full attention and irrelevant (distracting) information is suppressed. At the same time, we must remain responsive to salient events outside our current focus of attention - and balancing these two processing modes is a fundamental task our brain constantly needs to solve. Both the physical saliency of a stimulus, as well as top-down predictions about imminent sensations crucially influence attentional selection and consequently the response to unexpected events. Research over recent decades has identified two separate brain networks involved in predictive top-down control and reorientation to unattended events (or oddball stimuli): the dorsal and ventral fronto-parietal attention systems of the human brain. Moreover, specific electrophysiological brain responses are known to characterize attentional orienting as well as the processing of deviant stimuli. However, many key questions are outstanding. What are the exact functional differences between these cortical attention systems? How are they lateralised in the two hemispheres? How do top-down and bottom-up signals interact to enable flexible attentional control? How does structural damage to one system affect the functionality of the other in brain damaged patients? Are there sensory-specific and supra-modal attentional systems in the brain? In addition to these questions, it is now accepted that brain responses are not only affected by the saliency of external stimuli, but also by our expectations about sensory inputs. How these two influences are balanced, and how predictions are formed in cortical networks, or generated on the basis of experience-dependent learning, are intriguing issues. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect innovative contributions that shed further light on the (cortical) mechanisms of attentional control in the human brain. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that investigate the behavioural correlates, functional anatomy or electrophysiological markers of attentional selection and reorientation. Special emphasis will be given to studies investigating the context-sensitivity of these attentional processes in relation to prior expectations, trial history, contextual cues or physical saliency. We would like to encourage submissions employing different research methods (psychophysical recordings, neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, MEG, EEG or ECoG, as well as neurostimulation methods such as TMS or tDCS) in healthy volunteers or neurological patients. Computational models and animal studies are also welcome. Finally, we also welcome submission of meta-analyses and reviews articles that provide new insights into, or conclusions about recent work in the field.
Download or read book Some Old and New Ideas about Attention written by Michael Costello and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Boosting Out of the Blink written by Elizabeth D. Hanselmann and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory depends on attention. This principle is demonstrated in two different phenomena in attention and memory: the attentional blink effect and the attentional boost effect. The attentional blink effect is a memory deficit that occurs when targets are presented in rapid succession of each other. The attentional boost effect is a memory enhancement that occurs when participants respond to target stimuli while attending to a second set of stimuli. The current study examined whether an attentional boost effect manipulation could reduce the attentional blink deficit by having participants respond to auditory targets presented simultaneously with target words. A follow-up experiment attempted to replicate an earlier study that reduced the size of the attention blink deficit using sound alone, without the boost manipulation (Olivers and Van der Burg, 2008). Results showed no modulation of the attentional blink effect in the first experiment, but a modulation in the second experiment, wherein sound presented simultaneously with a target improved memory accuracy. Results suggested that the attentional boost effect may need to be applied through one modality in order for a modulation of the attentional blink effect to occur.
Download or read book Attention Perception and Memory written by Elizabeth A. Styles and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although attention, perception and memory are identifiable components of the human cognitive system, this book argues that for a complete understanding of any of them it is necessary to appreciate the way they interact and depend on one another. Using close examination of experiments, studies of patients and evidence from cognitive neuroscience, each of these important areas in cognitive psychology is explored in detail and related to its counterparts. Written by an established author, Attention, Perception and Memory: An Integrated Introduction explains clearly the evolution and meaning of key terminology and assumptions and puts the different approaches to this field in context.
Download or read book Attention written by Arthur F. Kramer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of attention in the laboratory has been crucial to understanding the mechanisms that support several different facets of attentional processing: Our ability to both divide attention among multiple tasks and stimuli, and selectively focus it on task-relevant information, while ignoring distracting task-irrelevant information, as well as how top-down and bottom-up factors influence the way that attention is directed within and across modalities. Equally important, however, is research that has attempted to scale up to the real world this empirical work on attention that has traditionally been well controlled by limited laboratory paradigms and phenomena. These types of basic and theoretically guided applied research on attention have benefited immeasurably from the work of Christopher Wickens. This book honors Wickens' many important contributions to the study of attention by bringing together researchers who examine real-world attentional problems and questions in light of attentional theory. The research fostered by Wickens' contributions will enrich not only our understanding of human performance in complex real-world systems, but also reveal the gaps on our knowledge of basic attentional processes.
Download or read book Effortless Attention written by Brian Bruya and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-04-09 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomena of effortless attention and action and the challenges they pose to current cognitive models of attention and action.
Download or read book Attention and consciousness in different senses written by Naotsugu Tsuchiya and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although often used in everyday speech and in the scholarly literature, “selective attention” and “consciousness” lack clear, undisputed definitions. Partly because of this deficit there exists a lively debate on the relationship between the two. Nevertheless, attention has been studied scientifically for a long time, because a variety of tasks allow researchers to control several of its aspects (e.g. focused and feature-based attention). Consciousness as a scientific subject of study has emerged more recently, but is now rapidly gaining traction. Scientific studies of consciousness concern the state or level of consciousness (e.g., awake as opposed to in coma, dreamless sleep or under anaesthesia) as well as the contents of consciousness or the phenomenology of perception. With the increase in consciousness-focused research, there is a concomitant surge in research examining the relationship between attention and consciousness. This relationship between attention and consciousness is the topic of this Research Topic. Contributions related to or focused solely on attention or on consciousness will not be considered. It had long been assumed that attention and consciousness are inextricably intertwined: two sides of the same coin. However, recently substantial evidence has emerged that attention and consciousness are interacting, but separable processes. It is however debated how tight the interactions are, and what the exact nature of the relationship is. Therefore, we invite researchers from different “camps” to provide opinionated but balanced literature reviews. Different groups will interpret the same data in different ways. We feel that combining these views in one Research Topic is immensely valuable to researchers from different fields. Apart from reviews we also invite potential contributors to provide new and exciting evidence in the form of original contributions that may support any of the different views. Even though attention and consciousness are critical aspects of many different cognitive processes, they are mainly studied (though not exclusively) in the domain of visual perception. In other sensory modalities, e.g. olfaction or audition, it is currently not clear whether distinctions between attention and consciousness exist, which is even more true for other cognitive processes such as memory. Therefore, we specifically invite contributions covering the auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and memory domain. We ask all contributors to provide discussions on the relationship between attention and consciousness, and focus on (1) the influence of attention on sensory processing; (2) the formation of conscious perception, (3) the evidence for unconscious processing and its modulation by attention; (4) potential indications for dissociations between attention and consciousness (e.g. does paying attention to a stimulus decrease performance on e.g. a discrimination task?); (5) neuroimaging and neurophysiology data pertaining to these questions. Often, one is caught in one’s own research field and lacks the time or the knowledge to delve into another field. This Research Topic should provide a great overview in great breadth of the current state of knowledge on the links between attention and consciousness, and their interactions, in several different sensory modalities.
Download or read book Attraction Distraction and Action written by Charles Folk and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade there has been a spate of research on the empirical phenomenon known as "attentional capture". Interest in capture can be attributed not only to its applied significance, but also to the implications of the phenomenon for theories of selective attention, as well as cognitive control in general. This growing interest, however, has also spawned a wide variety of experimental paradigms, empirical results, and theoretical perspectives. In June of 2000, 40 experimental psychologists converged on Villanova University for a conference and workshop on attentional capture. The intent was to provide an intimate forum for scientists from diverse perspectives and backgrounds, and using diverse methodologies to present their research on attentional capture and also engage in small group discussions on such key issues as the definition, measurement, and theoretical treatment of attention capture. This book presents a collection of chapters based on those presentations and discussions. Chapters are organized around areas such as neuroscience, visual cognition, developmental, individual differences and dynamical systems. The volume provides: a summary of the latest cutting edge research; an important compass for future research in this area; a useful survey of the field; contributions from internationally recognized experts in attention. Due to its exclusive focus on the topic of attentional capture the volume should make an excellent supplemental text or reference book for advanced undergraduate or graduate seminars in cognitive psychology and attention.
Download or read book Attention and Performance XV written by Carlo Umiltà and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, evidence of dissociation between conscious and nonconscious information processing has emerged from the study of normal subjects and brain damaged patients. The thirty-five original contributions in this book cover the latest work on this important topic. During the past decade, evidence of dissociation between conscious and nonconscious information processing has emerged from the study of normal subjects and brain damaged patients. The thirty-five original contributions in this book cover the latest work on this important topic across such traditional areas of research as vision, face recognition, spatial attention, control processes, semantic memory, episodic memory, and learning. Each section is introduced by an overview chapter that presents and evaluates the available empirical evidence in a given area and is followed by several experimental papers. The book opens with the Association Lecture, by George Mandler, "On Remembering without Really Trying: Hypermnesia, Incubation, and Mind Popping."
Download or read book Examining the Nature of the Relationship Between Working Memory and Attention written by Ellen Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory (WM) and visuospatial attention (VA) are both cognitive constructs that are related to the processing of relevant information. While these processes are capable of functioning independently, there is significant evidence suggesting a relationship between the two. However, the exact nature of this relationship is not well understood, and no testable hypotheses have been advanced. In this dissertation, three experiments were conducted in an effort to uncover the nature of the relationship between WM and VA. It was hypothesized that when WM and VA are simultaneously deployed, a new process is formed (an integrated view). Based on this hypothesis, it was predicted that this new process would operate using the shared resources of WM and VA. This hypothesis was compared against the parallel view, which stated that WM and VA are separate processes that simply interact. The parallel view would not predict processing resources to be shared between WM and VA. The three experiments were designed to provide converging evidence to support one of these views by targeting different aspects of WM and VA and using various measurement techniques. Results showed support for the integrated view. Specifically, it was demonstrated that manipulations in either WM or VA resulted in graded changes in the other process. This suggests a sharing of resources between the two processes, as would be expected if WM and VA had integrated to form a new process. The parallel view would predict that manipulations in either WM or VA would only have resulted in broad changes in the other process, indicative of a lack of resource sharing. These findings were demonstrated in all three experiments. First, it was shown that manipulating WM load resulted in differences in the effect of the timing of attentional deployment on behavioral performance. Second, manipulations in WM load were associated with different attentional distributions. Finally, the constriction of attention resulted in different relationships between working memory capacity (WMC) and the ability to filter out distracting information. This range of evidence provides strong empirical support for the hypothesis that WM and VA form a new process when simultaneously deployed. Current models of WM and VA do not make predictions regarding the nature of the relationship between the two processes. Thus, should these findings be replicated, models of WM and VA will need to be modified accordingly
