Download or read book The Andean Community and the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Andean Community Failure to Create a Common Space Policy written by Camilo Guzman Gomez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 70s, the Andean Community of Nations, an important union of countries in South America (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru), seeks for economic union and the creation of joint projects for the development of its member countries. One of the fields of action of the Community, is the creation of a space policy and the construction and launch of its own satellite. Concurrently, the ITU granted the Community a orbital position in the GEO to make use of it. Nevertheless, the efforts to create a public policy in the Andean Community failed due to the political and ideological differences between countries. The common satellite project fell into oblivion and it was even impossible for the countries to come into an agreement upon the use of the orbital position in the GEO granted by the ITU, thereafter, becoming necessary to hand over its use to a European telecommunications company. Nowadays, each country is implementing its own space policy with little room for the Andean Community institutions to operate in space matters thus hindering the principle of cooperation between countries.
Download or read book The United States and the Andean Republics written by Fredrick B. Pike and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on the role of USA in the present and historical political development of the Andean region - treats the rise of 'corporativism', ie. The protection of traditional culture and social structure from negative outside capitalistic influences, in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, and discusses the effects of race and religion, Marxism, elites, and the CIAP on the formation of political ideology. Maps and references.
Download or read book The Andean Pact written by Roger W. Fontaine and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Third Report on the Operation of the Andean Trade Preference Act written by United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bolivar s Dream Come True written by Nora Anton and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-01-21 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - Region: Middle and South America, grade: 1,3, University of Münster (Politikwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: Shortly after the treaties founding the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), European Atomic Energy Community (EAC) and European Community (EC) were signed, there were efforts in other regions of the world as well to follow this example, notably in Latin America, where, among other Associations, the Andean Pact (now Andean Community or Comunidad Andina de Naciones, CAN) was established. In contrast to that on European integration, however, most political and academic discourse on the Andean Community agrees upon the fact that this integration process has, up to now, not been very “successful”, and quite often it is called a complete failure. This thesis wants to contribute to the search of possible reasons for this.In order to explain the lack of “success” of Andean integration – especially in the period since the late 1980s - this thesis focuses on an element which, in most integration theories, is considered the most important prerequisite for regional integration: interdependence, and thus a demand for integration on the part of the region’s citizens. It is argued that in principle, integration can create or at least reinforce its own demand, but that this has only happened in the Andean case to a relatively small extent and limited to few sectors of the highly unequal societies in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
Download or read book Andean Trade Preference Act written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book At the Mountains Altar written by Frank Salomon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In high-Andean Peru, Rapaz village maintains a temple to mountain beings who command water and weather. By examining the ritual practices and belief systems of an Andean community, this book provides students with rich understandings of unfamiliar religious experiences and delivers theories of religion from the realm of abstraction. From core field encounters, each chapter guides readers outward in a different theoretical direction, successively exploring the main paths in the anthropology of religion. As well as addressing classical approaches in the anthropology of religion to rural modernity, Salomon engages with newer currents such as cognitive-evolution models, power-oriented critiques, the ontological reworking of relativism, and the "new materialism" in the context of a deep-rooted Andean ethos. He reflects on central questions such as: Why does sacred ritualism seem almost universal? Is it seated in social power, human psychology, symbolic meanings, or cultural logics? Are varied theories compatible? Is "religion" still a tenable category in the post-colonial world? At the Mountains’ Altar is a valuable resource for students taking courses on the anthropology of religion, Andean cultures, Latin American ethnography, religious studies, and indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Download or read book Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes written by Gabriel Prieto and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes examines how settlements along South America’s Pacific coastline played a role in the emergence, consolidation, and collapse of Andean civilizations from the Late Pleistocene era through Spanish colonization. Providing the first synthesis of data from Chile, Peru, and Ecuador, this wide-ranging volume evaluates and revises long-standing research on ancient maritime sites across the region. These essays look beyond the subsistence strategies of maritime communities and their surroundings to discuss broader anthropological issues related to social adaptation, monumentality, urbanism, and political and religious change. Among many other topics, the evidence in this volume shows that the maritime industry enabled some urban communities to draw on marine resources in addition to agriculture, ensuring their success. During the Colonial period, many fishermen were exempt from paying tributes to the Spanish, and their specialization helped them survive as the Andean population dwindled. Contributors also consider the relationship between fishing and climate change—including weather patterns like El Niño. The research in this volume demonstrates that communities situated close to the sea and its resources should be seen as critical components of broader social, economic, and ideological dynamics in the complex history of Andean cultures. A volume in the series Society and Ecology in Island and Coastal Archaeology, edited by Victor D. Thompson
Download or read book Fighting for Andean Resources written by Vladimir R. Gil Ramón and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining investment in Peru has been presented as necessary for national progress; however, it also has brought socioenvironmental costs, left unfulfilled hopes for development, and has become a principal source of confrontation and conflict. Fighting for Andean Resources focuses on the competing agendas for mining benefits and the battles over their impact on proximate communities in the recent expansion of the Peruvian mining frontier. The book complements renewed scrutiny of how globalization nurtures not solely antagonism but also negotiation and participation. Having mastered an intimate knowledge of Peru, Vladimir R. Gil Ramón insightfully documents how social technologies of power are applied through social technical protocols of accountability invoked in defense of nature and vulnerable livelihoods. Although analyses point to improvements in human well-being, a political and technical debate has yet to occur in practice that would define what such improvements would be, the best way to achieve and measure them, and how to integrate dimensions such as sustainability and equity. Many confrontations stem from frustrated expectations, environmental impacts, and the virtual absence of state apparatus in the locations where new projects emerged. This book presents a multifaceted perspective on the processes of representation, the strategies in conflicts and negotiations of development and nature management, and the underlying political actions in sites affected by mining.
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment in the Andean Group Countries written by Richard W. Moxon and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enforcement and Escape in the Andean Community written by William Phelan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing the presence of similar 'supranational' doctrines and a 'preliminary reference' mechanism, recent scholarship has argued that the legal institutions of the Andean Community were designed as replicas or clones of those in the European Union. From an alternative perspective, however, focused on the importance of inter-state retaliation mechanisms, as well as trade remedies, in international trade regimes, the similarity is much less apparent. Rather, the Andean Community appears to be designed as, and in fact operates as, a treaty regime that continues to rely on enforcement and escape behaviours by states that are common to many international trade regimes, but have been persistently rejected by the EU.
Download or read book Politics In The Andes written by Jo-Marie Burt and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2004-02-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Andean region is perhaps the most violent and politically unstable in the Western Hemisphere. Politics in the Andes is the first comprehensive volume to assess the persistent political challenges facing Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.Arguing that Andean states and societies have been shaped by common historical forces, the contributors' comparative approach reveals how different countries have responded variously to the challenges and opportunities presented by those forces. Individual chapters are structured around themes of ethnic, regional, and gender diversity; violence and drug trafficking; and political change and democracy.Politics in the Andes offers a contemporary view of a region in crisis, providing the necessary context to link the often sensational news from the area to broader historical, political, economic, and social trends.
Download or read book Language Coffee and Migration on an Andean Amazonian Frontier written by Nicholas Q. Emlen and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extraordinary change is under way in the Alto Urubamba Valley, a vital and turbulent corner of the Andean-Amazonian borderland of southern Peru. Here, tens of thousands of Quechua-speaking farmers from the rural Andes have migrated to the territory of the Indigenous Amazonian Matsigenka people in search of land for coffee cultivation. This migration has created a new multilingual, multiethnic agrarian society. The rich-tasting Peruvian coffee in your cup is the distillate of an intensely dynamic Amazonian frontier, where native Matsigenkas, state agents, and migrants from the rural highlands are carving the forest into farms. Language, Coffee, and Migration on an Andean-Amazonian Frontier shows how people of different backgrounds married together and blended the Quechua, Matsigenka, and Spanish languages in their day-to-day lives. This frontier relationship took place against a backdrop of deforestation, cocaine trafficking, and destructive natural gas extraction. Nicholas Q. Emlen’s rich account—which takes us to remote Amazonian villages, dusty frontier towns, roadside bargaining sessions, and coffee traders’ homes—offers a new view of settlement frontiers as they are negotiated in linguistic interactions and social relationships. This interethnic encounter was not a clash between distinct groups but rather an integrated network of people who adopted various stances toward each other as they spoke. The book brings together a fine-grained analysis of multilingualism with urgent issues in Latin America today, including land rights, poverty, drug trafficking, and the devastation of the world’s largest forest. It offers a timely on-the-ground perspective on the agricultural colonization of the Amazon, which has triggered an environmental emergency threatening the future of the planet.
Download or read book Transplanting International Courts written by Karen J. Alter and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Andean Pact was founded in 1969 to build a common market in South America. Andean leaders copied the institutional and treaty design of the European Community, and in the 1970s, member states decided to add a tribunal, again turning to the European Community as its model. Since its first ruling in 1987, the Andean Tribunal of Justice has exercised authority over the countries which are members of the Andean Community: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (formerly also Venezuela). It is now the third most active international court in the world, used by governments and private actors to protect their rights and interests in the region. This book investigates how a region with weak legal institutions developed an effective international rule of law, why the Tribunal was able to induce widespread respect for Andean intellectual property rules but not other areas governed by regional integration rules, and what the Tribunal's experience means for comparable international courts. It also assesses the Andean experience in order to reconsider the European Community system, exploring why the law and politics of integration in Europe and the Andes followed different trajectories. It finally provides a detailed analysis of the key factors associated with effective supranational adjudication. This book collects together previously published material by two leading interdisciplinary scholars of international law and politics, and is enhanced by three original chapters further reflecting on the Andean legal order.
Download or read book Migrations and Economic Integration in Latin America the Andean Group written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Imaging the Andes written by Ton Salman and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central Andes--Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador--are undergoing rapid change. Economic integration within and beyond the Andes, neoliberal and adjustment policies, new communication technologies, indigenous political emancipation, and migration are among the factors that are transforming livelihoods, cultures, and identities of the Andean countries. These changes have triggered a debate on the dynamics and the permanence of an "Andean way of life." Analyzing the dynamics of "Andean-ness" in relation to policy reform and globalization, this book addresses new forms of cultural encounter, the validity of tradition in the midst of rapid change, and the alleged dissociation of identities and cultures from their territories. Focusing on the central Andes, it becomes clear that inherited views about what it means to be Andean are losing ground.
