Download or read book The Aging Gap Between Species written by Anca Ioviţă and published by Anca Ioviţă. This book was released on 2016-12-18 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging is a puzzle to solve. This process is traditionally studied in a couple of biological models like fruit flies, worms and mice. What all these species have in common is their fast aging. This is excellent for lab budgets. It is a great short-term strategy. Who has time to study species that live for decades? But lifespan differences among species are magnitudes of order larger than any lifespan variation achieved in the lab. This is the reason for which I studied countless information resources in an attempt to gather highly specialized research into one easy-to-follow book. I wanted to see the forest among the trees. I wanted to expose the aging gap between species in an easy-to-follow and logical sequence. This book is my attempt at doing just that. What are the mechanisms underlying the aging gap between species? I intentionally chose to write the answer to this question in plain English. Aging research is too important to hide it behind the closed doors of formal scientific jargon. This book could not have existed if green tea, libraries and the Internet were not invented. The amount of data I had to browse in order to keep the essential patterns is huge. Yet this book is not exhaustive. This is not a dry academic textbook. I tried to instill life in a topic that is hugely important for the extension of human lifespan. Only you can decide if I achieved this. ********* TABLE OF CONTENTS *********** Finding the Forest Among the Trees Being Reliable Counts The Mathematics of Aging The Speed of Senescence Case Study: Aging in Fish How to Estimate Chronological Age Taking Life Slowly On Temperature and Aging Dormancy The Housekeeping Problem Case Study: Aging in Turtles Intracellular Junk Case Study: Aging in Crustaceans Extracellular Junk Case Study: Protein Quality Control The Sweet Poison Are Cell Membranes the Pacemakers of Metabolism? Could Reproduction Set up the Pacemaker of Senescence? The Segregation of Somatic and Germ Cells Clonal Senescence Versus Mechanical Senescence Same Species, Different Lifespans Case Study: Eusocial Species Case Study: Parasite/Free-Living Populations Case Study: Island Versus Inland Populations Hormones as Pacemakers of Senescence Case Study: Low Hormone Levels in Long-lived Rodents Is Aging a Form of Dehydration? The Immune Pacemaker of Senescence Innate Versus Adaptive Immunity Senescent Cells Case Study: Thymic Involution in Negligible Senescence Species Reverse Engineering the Body Case Study: Why Are Sponges Potentially Immortal? Modular Growth and Aging Case Study: Youth Is Forever Gone. Unless You Are a Hydra. Or an Immortal Jellyfish Down The Neoteny Lane Case Study: Neoteny in Amphibians Case Study: Neoteny in Mammals It's All About Neoteny Does Aging Start When Growth Stops? Case Study: Indeterminate Growth in Crustaceans The Rate of Growth Case Study: Aging in Bivalves Is Telomerase The New Fountain of Youth? Case Study: Same Species, Different Telomerase Expression Telomerase Gene Therapy Case Study: Sea Urchins Perennial Plants and Their Regenerating Roots Case Study: The Bristlecone Pine Unitary Versus Colonial Organisms Cancer The Paradox of Peto Case Study: Cancer in Long-Lived Species The End Acknowledgments Bibliography

Download or read book The Aging Gap Between Species written by Anca Iovita and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging is a puzzle to solve. This process is traditionally studied in a couple of biological models like fruit flies, worms and mice. What all these species have in common is their fast aging. This is excellent for lab budgets. It is a great short-term strategy. Who has time to study species that live for decades? But lifespan differences among species are magnitudes of order larger than any lifespan variation achieved in the lab. This is the reason for which I studied countless information resources in an attempt to gather highly specialized research into one easy-to-follow book. I wanted to see the forest among the trees. I wanted to expose the aging gap between species in an easy-to-follow and logical sequence. This book is my attempt at doing just that. What are the mechanisms underlying the aging gap between species? I intentionally chose to write the answer to this question in plain English. Aging research is too important to hide it behind the closed doors of formal scientific jargon. This book could not have existed if green tea, libraries and the Internet were not invented. The amount of data I had to browse in order to keep the essential patterns is huge. Yet this book is not exhaustive. This is not a dry academic textbook. I tried to instill life in a topic that is hugely important for the extension of human lifespan. Only you can decide if I achieved this. Contents Finding the Forest Among the Trees Being Reliable Counts The Mathematics of Aging The Speed of Senescence Case Study: Aging in Fish How to Estimate Chronological Age Taking Life Slowly On Temperature and Aging Dormancy The Housekeeping Problem Case Study: Aging in Turtles Intracellular Junk Case Study: Aging in Crustaceans Extracellular Junk Case Study: Protein Quality Control The Sweet Poison Are Cell Membranes the Pacemakers of Metabolism? Could Reproduction Set up the Pacemaker of Senescence? The Segregation of Somatic and Germ Cells Clonal Senescence Versus Mechanical Senescence Same Species, Different Lifespans Case Study: Eusocial Species Case Study: Parasite/Free-Living Populations Case Study: Island Versus Inland Populations Hormones as Pacemakers of Senescence Case Study: Low Hormone Levels in Long-lived Rodents Is Aging a Form of Dehydration? The Immune Pacemaker of Senescence Innate Versus Adaptive Immunity Senescent Cells Case Study: Thymic Involution in Negligible Senescence Species Reverse Engineering the Body Case Study: Why Are Sponges Potentially Immortal? Modular Growth and Aging Case Study: Youth Is Forever Gone. Unless You Are a Hydra Down The Neoteny Lane Case Study: Neoteny in Amphibians Case Study: Neoteny in Mammals It's All About Neoteny Does Aging Start When Growth Stops? Case Study: Indeterminate Growth in Crustaceans The Rate of Growth Case Study: Aging in Bivalves Is Telomerase The New Fountain of Youth? Case Study: Same Species, Different Telomerase Expression Telomerase Gene Therapy Case Study: Sea Urchins Perennial Plants and Their Regenerating Roots Case Study: The Bristlecone Pine Unitary Versus Colonial Organisms Cancer The Paradox of Peto Case Study: Cancer in Long-Lived Species The End Acknowledgments Bibliography

Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.

Download or read book The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.

Download or read book Redox Metabolism and Longevity Relationships in Animals and Plants written by Christine Foyer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redox Metabolism and Longevity Relationships in Animals and Plants focuses on the recent issues that have emerged in ageing research in both the animal and plant kingdoms. This volume reviews current concepts concerning cellular redox homeostatis and ageing in animals and plants, relationships to programmed cell death, the production of oxidants and dicarbonyls, the ways that different organisms perceive and respond to oxidative, nitration and glycation challenges, and how this might be intricately connected to ageing and lifespan.

Download or read book Comparative Biology of Aging written by Norman S. Wolf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: determined by an inability to move in response to touch. C. elegans develop through four larval stages following hatching and prior to adulthood. Adult C. elegans are reproductive for about the rst week of adulthood followed by approximately two weeks of post-reproductive adulthood prior to death. Life span is most commonly measured in the laboratory by maintaining the worms on the surface of a nutrie- agar medium (Nematode Growth Medium, NGM) with E. coli OP50 as the bacterial food source (REF). Alternative culture conditions have been described in liquid media; however, these are not widely used for longevity studies. Longevity of the commonly used wild type C. elegans hermaphrodite (N2) varies ? from 16 to 23 days under standard laboratory conditions (20 C, NGM agar, E. coli OP50 food source). Life span can be increased by maintaining animals at lower ambient temperatures and shortened by raising the ambient temperature. Use of a killed bacterial food source, rather than live E. coli, increases lifespan by 2–4 days, and growth of adult animals in the absence of bacteria (axenic growth or bac- rial deprivation) increases median life span to 32–38 days [3, 23, 24]. Under both standard laboratory conditions and bacterial deprivation conditions, wild-derived C. elegans hermaphrodites exhibit longevity comparable to N2 animals [25].

Download or read book Evolution of Longevity in Animals written by Avril D. Woodhead and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-11 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of intra-group correlations between LS and BW at representative intervals yields no consistent support for the hypothesis that lower BW is associated with longer LS. Indeed, among male Wistar rats and C57BL/6J and A/J mice followed since weaning on AL diets, the data suggested that relatively higher BW across the adult LS was generally associated with longer life. Even when the diet was restricted by EOD or RES regimens, this pattern of positive correlations between LS and BW persisted for the C57BL/6J and A/J strains when relative ages were analyzed. However, when BW at absolute ages were correlated with LS, support for the positive relationship between BW and LS was not as forthcoming. When AL groups were assessed beginning at later ages (> 10 months), the pattern of positive correlations was very evident for the Wistar rats--heavier rats tended to liver longer. This pattern was also evident among AL-fed C57BL/6J mice followed since 6 months, but was lost in the 10-month group in this strain. Among A/J mice on AL diets, the pattern became somewhat negative when followed at 6 and 10 months of age. However, among both C57BL/6J and A/J mice placed on EOD diets at 6 and 10 months of age, the pattern clearly tended toward the positive.

Download or read book Aging written by Robert E. Ricklefs and published by Times Books. This book was released on 1995 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of aging is familiar to, and usually dreaded by, all of us. We all know what it feels like to grow older, but what exactly is aging, why does it happen, and can anything be done to slow or prevent it? An original treatment of human aging that draws on biomedical research and the natural history of animals and plants, Aging: A Natural History describes this biological phenomenon in fascinating detail, helping the reader to understand its complex processes. In the aging patterns of humans and many other species, biologists Robert E. Ricklefs and Caleb E. Finch find some answers to why aging must exist at all, and why it is so spectacularly different in different species. The authors ask a variety of compelling questions: How can processes that lead to death be such an integral part of life itself? Why do some species tend to die at an early age when close relatives may live much longer? Why do many species age, when others seem not to? And, perhaps most importantly, why is aging, which is so detrimental to the individual, maintained by natural selection? Finally, the authors consider the prospects for prolonging human life and improving the quality of life at older ages. Concluding that aging is induced both by environmental factors and by the biochemical processes normally present in all cells, they show aging to be an inevitable yet alterable part of life - a natural process that may limit activity but is not necessarily debilitating.

Download or read book General Technical Report NC written by Thomas R. Crow and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book General Technical Report SO written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Ethic for the Age of Space written by Lawrence L. LeShan and published by Weiser Books. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making use of an ethical system based on psychological need, rather than on metaphysical or theological grounds, LeShan shows how an evolved ethical system can keep pace with science and technology, and displace the damage being done to the planet and our own survival.

Download or read book The Age of Doubt written by Christopher Lane and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Victorian era was the first great ";Age of Doubt"; and a critical moment in the history of Western ideas. Leading nineteenth-century intellectuals battled the Church and struggled to absorb radical scientific discoveries that upended everything the Bible had taught them about the world. In "The Age of Doubt," distinguished scholar Christopher Lane tells the fascinating story of a society under strain as virtually all aspects of life changed abruptly. In deft portraits of scientific, literary, and intellectual icons who challenged the prevailing religious orthodoxy, from Robert Chambers and Anne Bronte; to Charles Darwin and Thomas H. Huxley, Lane demonstrates how they and other Victorians succeeded in turning doubt from a religious sin into an ethical necessity. The dramatic adjustment of Victorian society has echoes today as technology, science, and religion grapple with moral issues that seemed unimaginable even a decade ago. Yet the Victorians'; crisis of faith generated a far more searching engagement with religious belief than the ";new atheism"; that has evolved today. More profoundly than any generation before them, the Victorians came to view doubt as inseparable from belief, thought, and debate, as well as a much-needed antidote to fanaticism and unbridled certainty. By contrast, a look at today';s extremes-;from the biblical literalists behind the Creation Museum to the dogmatic rigidity of Richard Dawkins';s atheism-;highlights our modern-day inability to embrace doubt."

Download or read book India in the Second Space Age of Interplanetary Connectivity written by Chaitanya Giri and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-10-24 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the emergence of space exploration as a new pivot of the global space economy in the decade of 2020s. Space exploration and human spaceflight will soon become vital strategic initiatives in the imminent second space age, evolving from scientific pursuits to mega-economic projects. As the scope of international cooperation in space forays into soft science diplomacy, the second space age opens opportunities for India to mount its space program as an ambitious yet conscientious, proficient, and cordial player in the global space economy. This book, — Explores imminent trends in space exploration and interplanetary connectivity plans, their returns to the global economy of the future, and impact on the global astropolitical order; — Analyses the techno-economic significance of India’s space exploration by reviewing the legal, ethical and philosophical challenges; the limits of global space exploration policies; and the economic lacunae for the astropolitical gains; — Examines the transformational trio of Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan and Gaganyaan; dawn of the second space age; interplanetary connectivity projects; besides discussing the viability of humans becoming an interplanetary species. Part of The Gateway House Guide to India in the 2020s series, this topical volume will be useful for scholars and researchers of international relations, geopolitics, foreign policy, space policy, South Asian studies, strategic studies, and international trade.

Download or read book Special Scientific Report wildlife written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Demography of Aging written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the United States and the rest of the world face the unprecedented challenge of aging populations, this volume draws together for the first time state-of-the-art work from the emerging field of the demography of aging. The nine chapters, written by experts from a variety of disciplines, highlight data sources and research approaches, results, and proposed strategies on a topic with major policy implications for labor forces, economic well-being, health care, and the need for social and family supports.

Download or read book Chinese Clay Figures Prolegomena on the history of defensive armor written by Berthold Laufer and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rural Space in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age written by Albrecht Classen and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Older research on the premodern world limited its focus on the Church, the court, and, more recently, on urban space. The present volume invites readers to consider the meaning of rural space, both in light of ecocritical readings and social-historical approaches. While previous scholars examined the figure of the peasant in the premodern world, the current volume combines a large number of specialized studies that investigate how the natural environment and the appearance of members of the rural population interacted with the world of the court and of the city. The experience in rural space was important already for writers and artists in the premodern era, as the large variety of scholarly approaches indicates. The present volume signals how much the surprisingly close interaction between members of the aristocratic and of the peasant class determined many literary and art-historical works. In a surprisingly large number of cases we can even discover elements of utopia hidden in rural space. We also observe how much the rural world was a significant element already in early-medieval mentality. Moreover, as many authors point out, the impact of natural forces on premodern society was tremendous, if not catastrophic.